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Archives of Environmental Protection

Archives of Environmental Protection

Description

Archives of Environmental Protection is the oldest Polish scientific journal of international scope that publishes articles on engineering and environmental protection. The quarterly has been published by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences since 1975. The journal has served as a forum for the exchange of views and ideas among scientists. It has become part of scientific life in Poland and abroad. The quarterly publishes the results of research and scientific inquiries by best specialists hereby becoming an important pillar of science. The journal facilitates better understanding of environmental risks to humans and ecosystems and it also shows the methods for their analysis as well as trends in the search of effective solutions to minimize these risks.

Copyright on any open access article in the Archives of Environmental Protection journal published by Polish Academy of Sciences is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Polish Academy of Sciences a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any user the right to use the article freely if its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0) formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.  

The editorial team of Archives of Environmental Protection implements an open access policy by publishing materials in the form of the so-called Gold Open Access and encourages authors to place articles published in the journal in open repositories (after the review or the final version of the publisher), provided that a link to the journal’s website is provided.

For the articles which were previously published, before year 2021, policies that are different from the above. In all such, access to these articles is free from fees or any other access restrictions. Permissions for the use of the texts published in that journal may be sought directly from the Editors, by e-mail: aep@ipispan.edu.pl.

The journal is indexed by Clarivate Analytics services (Biological Abstract, BIOSIS Previews) and has an Impact Factor (June 2025) of 1.3

CiteScore 2025: 2.7

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2025: 0.313

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023: 0.71


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ISSN
ISSN 2083-4772, eISSN 2083-4810
Publishers
Polish Academy of Sciences
Editors

Editor-in-Chief
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska ORCID logo0000-0003-2698-5437
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze (Poland)

Editorial Advisory Board
Michał Bodzek ORCID logo0000-0001-9534-7426
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze (Poland)

Joanna Surmacz-Górska ORCID logo0000-0002-1805-2189
Silesian University of Technology: Gliwice, Poland

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ORCID logo0000-0002-4339-0657
The Main School of Fire Service: Warszawa, PL


Assistant Editor
Jerzy Szdzuj


Editorial Board:

President: Piotr Koszelnik ORCID logo0000-0001-6866-7432
Politechnika Rzeszowska im Ignacego Lukasiewicza: Rzeszow, PL


Members:

Adamowski Jan Franklin (Canada) ORCID logo0000-0002-1242-3364
McGill University, Quebec, Canada


Alonso Rosa M. (Spain) ORCID logo0000-0002-1242-3364
University of the Basque Country/EHU, Bilbao, Spain


Banasik Kazimierz (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-7328-461X
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland


Van der Bruggen Bart (Belgium) ORCID logo0000-0002-3921-7472
KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, The Netherlands


Czechowski Piotr Oskar (Poland) 0000-0001-7193-2022
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze (Poland)


Wolfgang Frenzel (Germany) ORCID logo0000-0002-7697-2514
Technische Universität Berlin, Germany


Bamwenda Gratian R.(Tanzania)
Tanzania Academy of Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania


Huszar Peter (The Czech Republic) ORCID logo0000-0003-2954-8347
Uniwersytet Karola w Prague, The Czech Republic


Kulig Andrzej (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0001-6122-3169
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland


Kabsch-Korbutowicz Malgorzata (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-8188-042X
Technical University Wrocław, Poland


Kyzioł-Komosińska Joanna (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0001-8777-4989
Instytute of Environmental Engineering PAS, Zabrze, Poland


Michalski Rajmund (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0003-4441-7409
Instytute of Environmental Engineering PAS, Zabrze, Poland


Misiewicz Paula (United Kingdom) ORCID logo0000-0003-1909-285X
Adams University: Newport, United Kingdom


Corral Mosquera Anuska (Spain) ORCID logo0000-0003-1925-680X
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain


Nahorski Zbigniew (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-2340-8020
Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland


Nakamura Takashi (Japan) ORCID logo0000-0002-1864-1143
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan


Oleszek Sylwia (Poland/Japan) ORCID logo0000-0001-6660-9992
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan


Pawłowski Lucjan (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0001-7435-5646
Lublin University of Technology: Lublin, PL


Reizer Magdalena (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-3572-6050
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland


Rostkowski Pawel (Norway) ORCID logo0000-0001-9778-4283
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller Norway


Soldan Premysl ( The Czech Republik) ORCID logo0000-0002-8892-5117
T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute (TGM WRI), Prague, The Czech Republic


Ultra Venecio (Philippines) ORCID logo0000-0002-7980-4137
Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) , Palapye, Botswana


Wiatkowski Mirosław (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-5155-0593
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland


Winnicki Tomasz (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-5859-7335
Karkonoska State Higher School in Jelenia Góra, Jelenia Góra, Poland


Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-3978-2420
Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland


Zwoździak Jerzy (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0003-3779-4177
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Sączu: Nowy Sącz, PL





Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34,

41-819 Zabrze, Poland

Tel.: +48-32-271 64 81

Fax: +48-32-271 74 70

Mob. +48 728 413 219

e-mail: aep@ipispan.edu.pl

Copyright

Copyright on any open access article in the Archives of Environmental Protection journal published by Polish Academy of Sciences is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Polish Academy of Sciences a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any user the right to use the article freely if its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ( CC BY-SA 4.0) formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.  




The editorial team of Archives of Environmental Protection implements an open access policy by publishing materials in the form of the so-called Gold Open Access and encourages authors to place articles published in the journal in open repositories (after the review or the final version of the publisher), provided that a link to the journal’s website is provided.

Exceptions to copyright policy

For the articles which were previously published, before year 2021, policies that are different from the above. In all such, access to these articles is free from fees or any other access restrictions. Permissions for the use of the texts published in that journal may be sought directly from the Editors, by e-mail: aep@ipispan.edu.pl.

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Content

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3

1 Preliminary analysis of the state of municipal waste management technology in Poland along with the identification of waste treatment processes in terms of odor emissions
Marcin Pawnuk , Bartosz Szulczyński , Emilia den Boer , Izabela Sówka
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 3-20 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142685
Keywords: municipal waste management in Poland mixed waste odors volatile organic compounds emission
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Abstract

Waste management faces more and more serious challenges, especially given the growing amount of municipal waste generated in Poland and the resulting environmental impact. One of the significant environmental aspects of waste management is the emission of odorants and odors. Taking into account the odor problem, the majority of municipal waste generated is being collected as mixed waste (62% of municipal waste), which by weight contains approximately 32.7% of kitchen and garden waste. These organic fractions are mainly responsible for the emission of odor and odorants. Those substances can be emitted at every stage: from the waste collection at residential waste bins, through transport, waste storage, and transfer stations, up to various respective treatment facilities, i.e., mechanical-biological waste treatment plants, landfills, or waste incineration plants. The gathered data during the study showed that it is necessary to increase the share of different waste management methods, i.e., recycling, composting, or fermentation processes rather than landfilling to meet all necessary regulations and to fulfill provisions of the waste hierarchy. One of the actions indicated in the legal solutions is expansion, retrofitting, and construction of new sorting plants, anaerobic digestion plants, composting plants, and increase in thermal treatment capacity. Variety of different processes that could emit odors and a diversity of different odor-generating substances released from particular waste management steps should be taken into consideration when building new facilities which are suitable for waste treatment. The overall aim of the work was to characterize and summarize available knowledge about waste management system in Poland and to gather information about odor-generating substances emitted from different waste management steps and facilities, which could be a potential source of information for preparing legal solutions to reduce possible odor nuisance form broadly understood waste management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Pawnuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
2
ORCID: ORCID
Emilia den Boer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Sówka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
  2. Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
2 Mobile forms vs the total content of thallium in activated sludge
Bożena Karbowska , Włodzimierz Zembrzuski , Joanna Zembrzuska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 21-27 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142686
Keywords: sewage sludge mobility thallium
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Abstract

Sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is currently a serious environmental problem, given its diversity due to the variability of time and heavy metal content. Current research on the monitoring of heavy metals is based on the determination of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr. This makes any thallium content data difficult to access. The study estimated the degree of contamination of sewage sludge with thallium. The sludge samples came from a sewage treatment plant located in Poland. The results are presented for the total concentration of thallium and its mobile forms. These samples were analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the average thallium content was 0.203 μg/g and its mobile form was 0.025 μg/g. The conducted research shows that almost 13% of thallium from sewage sludge can be gradually released into the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Karbowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Włodzimierz Zembrzuski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Zembrzuska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poland
3 Study on the purification capacity of rain garden paving structures for rainfall runoff pollutants
Weijia Liu , Qingbao Pei , Wenbiao Dong , Pengfan Chen
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 28-36 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142687
Keywords: rain garden rainfall runoff abatement rate pollutant removal rate
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Abstract

Rain gardens are one of the best measures for rainfall runoff and pollutant abatement in sponge city construction. The rain garden system was designed and developed for the problem of severely impeded urban water circulation. The rain gardens monitored the rainfall runoff abatement and pollutant removal capacity for 46 sessions from January 2018 to December 2019. Based on these data, the impact of rain gardens on runoff abatement rate and pollutant removal rate was studied. The results obtained indicated that the rain garden on the runoff abatement rate reached 82.5%, except with extreme rainfall, all fields of rainfall can be effectively abated. The removal rate of suspended solid particles was the highest, followed by total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the total removal rate in 66.35% above. The rain garden is still in the “youth stage”, and all aspects of the operation effect are good.
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Authors and Affiliations

Weijia Liu
1
Qingbao Pei
2
Wenbiao Dong
2
Pengfan Chen
2
  1. East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
  2. Nanchang Institute of Technology Poyang Lake Basin Water Engineering Safety and Efficient Utilization National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Nanchang, China
4 Simultaneous removal of phenol and Cu(II) from wastewater by tallow dihydroxyethyl betaine modified bentonite
Xiangyang Hu , Bao Wang , Gengsheng Yan , Bizhou Ge
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 37-47 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142688
Keywords: simultaneous adsorption; bentonite; tallow dihydroxyethyl betaine; Cu(II); phenol;
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Abstract

An organobentonite modified with an amphoteric surfactant, tallow dihydroxyethyl betaine (TDHEB), was used as an adsorbent to simultaneously remove Cu(II) and phenol from wastewater. The characteristic of the organobentonite (named TDHEB-bentonite) was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectra and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacities of TDHEB-bentonite for the two contaminants. Experiment results demonstrated that the adsorption of both contaminants is highly pH-dependent under acidic conditions. TDHEB-bentonite had about 2.0 and 5.0 times higher adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) and phenol, respectively, relative to the corresponding raw Na-bentonite. Adsorption isotherm data showed that the adsorption processes of both contaminants were well described by Freundlich model. Kinetic experiment demonstrated that both contaminants adsorption processes correlated well with pseudo-second-order model. Cu(II) had a negative impact on phenol adsorption, but not vice versa. Cu(II) was removed mainly through chelating with the organic groups (-CH2CH2OH and -COO-) of TDHEB. Otherwise, partition into the organic phase derived from the adsorbed surfactant was the primarily mechanism for phenol removal. Overall, TDHEB-bentonite was a promising adsorbent for removing Cu(II) and phenol simultaneously from wastewater.
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Bibliography

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  67. Park, Y., Ayoko, G. A., Horváth, E., Kurdi, R., Kristof, J. & Frost, R. L. (2013). Structural characterisation and environmental application of organoclays for the removal of phenolic compounds. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 393, pp. 319-334. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.067
  68. Qu, Y., Qin, L., Liu, X. & Yang, Y. (2020). Reasonable design and sifting of microporous carbon nanosphere-based surface molecularly imprinted polymer for selective removal of phenol from wastewater. Chemosphere, 251, 126376. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126376
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  70. Ren, S., Meng, Z., Sun, X., Lu, H., Zhang, M., Lahori, A. H. & Bu, S. (2020). Comparison of Cd2+ adsorption onto amphoteric, amphoteric-cationic and amphoteric-anionic modified magnetic bentonites. Chemosphere, 239, 124840. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124840
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  74. Veli, S. & Alyüz, B. (2007). Adsorption of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions by using natural clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149(1), pp. 226-233. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.109
  75. Wang, G., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Ma, S., Wang, Y. & Qiu, J. (2020). Adsorption of heavy metal and organic pollutant by organo-montmorillonites in binary-component system. Journal of Porous Materials, 27(5), pp. 1515-1522. DOI:10.1007/s10934-020-00927-8
  76. Wang, G., Zhang, S., Hua, Y., Su, X., Ma, S., Wang, J., Tao, Q., Wang, Y. & Komarneni, S. (2017). Phenol and/or Zn2+ adsorption by single- or dual-cation organomontmorillonites. Applied Clay Science, 140, pp. 1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.023
  77. Yan, L., Shan, X., Wen, B. & Zhang, S. (2007). Effect of lead on the sorption of phenol onto montmorillonites and organo-montmorillonites. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 308(1), pp. 11-19. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.027
  78. Yang, G., Tang, L., Zeng, G., Cai, Y., Tang, J., Pang, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, S. & Xiong, W. (2015). Simultaneous removal of lead and phenol contamination from water by nitrogen-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 259, pp. 854-864. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.081
  79. Yoo, J., Choi, J., Lee, T. & Park, J. (2004). Organobentonite for sorption and degradation of phenol in the presence of heavy metals. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 154(1), pp. 225-237. DOI:10.1023/B:WATE.0000022970.21712.64
  80. Yu, K., Xu, J., Jiang, X., Liu, C., McCall, W. & Lu, J. (2017). Stabilization of heavy metals in soil using two organo-bentonites. Chemosphere, 184, pp.884-891. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.040
  81. Zendelska, A., Golomeova, M., Golomeov, B. & Krstev, B. (2018). Removal of lead ions from acid aqueous solutions and acid mine drainage using zeolite bearing tuff. Archives of Environmental Protection, 44(1), pp. 87-96. DOI:10.24425/118185
  82. Zhu, R., Chen, Q., Zhou, Q., Xi, Y., Zhu, J. & He, H. (2016). Adsorbents based on montmorillonite for contaminant removal from water: A review. Applied Clay Science, 123, pp. 239-258. DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2015.12.024
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiangyang Hu
1
Bao Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gengsheng Yan
1
Bizhou Ge
2
  1. PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, China
  2. Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, China
5 Procedure for detoxication of linuron contaminated soil based on ozonation and fluidization process
Radosław Józefczyk , Piotr Antos , Marcin Pieniążek , Maciej Balawejder
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 48-56 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142689
Keywords: inuron degradation soil contamination detoxication earthworms Eisenia foetida
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Abstract

The linuron contaminated soil was subjected to remediation using ozone as an oxidant. The experiments were performed both in laboratory and pilot plant installations. Kinetics of linuron degradation was determined for both systems. Moreover, main linuron metabolites were identified, and possible degradation pathway was proposed. The soil remediation was found to be successful, which was verified by chemical and biological tests. The half-life time of linuron in the pilot scale installation was no more than 7.5 h. To verify the efficiency of soil detoxification, a toxicity test was performed, which utilized Eisenia foetida earthworm. The test organisms were exposed for 14 days to the linuron contaminated soil prior and after the remediation procedure. It was observed that in the control group and the group of organisms exposed to the ozonated soil, the survivability was 100%, whereas the earthworms exposed to the linuron contaminated soil that was not ozonated did not survive at all.
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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Józefczyk
1
Piotr Antos
2
Marcin Pieniążek
1
Maciej Balawejder
1
  1. University of Rzeszów, Poland
  2. Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
6 Biomass and wind energy as sources of renewable energy for a more sustainable environment in Indonesia: A review
E. Erdiwansyah , Asri Gani , Rizalman Mamat , M. Mahidin , K. Sudhakar , S.M. Rosdi , Husni Husin
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 3 | 57-69 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.142690
Keywords: biomass wind energy hybrid RE biofuels
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Abstract

Pollution continues to experience a rapid increase so cities in the world have required the use of renewable energy. One of the keys that can prevent climate change with a sustainable system is renewa