Applied sciences

Archives of Electrical Engineering

Description

ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (AEE) (previously Archiwum Elektrotechniki), quarterly journal of the Polish Academy of Sciences is OpenAccess (PAN Electronic Library, publishing original scientific articles and short communiques from all branches of Electrical Power Engineering exclusively in English. The main fields of interest are related to the theory & engineering of the components of an electrical power system: switching devices, arresters, reactors, conductors, etc. together with basic questions of their insulation, ampacity, switching capability etc.; electrical machines and transformers; modelling & calculation of circuits; electrical & magnetic fields problems; optimization methods; electromagnetic compatibility; control problems; power electronics; electrical power engineering;renewable energy; nondestructive testing & nondestructive evaluation.

Journal Impact Factor: 2024 – 0.9, Five Year – 0.7

CiteScore metrics from Scopus, CiteScore 2024: 2.2

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2024: 0.255

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2024: 0.554

ICI Journal Master List 2024, Index Copernicus Value: 152.00

Scoring assigned by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education: 100 points

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ISSN

ISSN: 1427-4221, eISSN: 2300-2506

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences

Editor-in-Chief

Andrzej Demenko, Poznan, Poland
Professor at Poznan University of Technology

Managing Editor

Mariusz Baranski, Poznan, Poland
Ph.D. at Poznan University of Technology

Deputy Managing Editor

Lukasz Knypinski, Poznan, Poland
Ph.D. at Poznan University of Technology

Editorial Advisory Board:

Chairman: Mariusz Malinowski, Warsaw, Poland
Professor at Warsaw University of Technology

Secretary: Robert Smolenski, Zielona Gora, Poland
Professor at University of Zielona Gora

Haitham A. Abu-Rub, Doha, Qatar
Professor at Hamad Bin Khalifa University

Andrzej Bartoszewicz, Lodz, Poland
Professor at Łódź University of Technology

Anouar Belahcen, Espoo, Finland
Professor at Aalto University

Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg, Denmark
Professor at Aalborg University

Ion Boldea, Timisoara, Romania
Professor at University Politehnica of Timisoara

Herbert De Gersem, Darmstadt, Germany
Professor at Technische Universität Darmstadt

Paolo Di Barba, Pavia, Italy
Professor at University of Pavia

Kay Hameyer, Aachen, Germany
Professor at RWTH Aachen University

Marian K. Kazimierczuk, Dayton, USA
Professor at Wright State University

Stefan Kulig, Dortmund, Germany
Professor at TU Dortmund University of Technology

David A. Lowther, Montreal, Canada
Professor at McGill University

João Martins, Caparica, Portugal
Professor at Universidade NOVA de Lisboa

Zhuoxiang Ren, Paris, France
Professor at Sorbonne Université

Enrique Romero-Cadaval, Badajoz, Spain
Professor at University of Extremadura

Ruth V. Sabariego, Leuven, Belgium
Professor at KU Leuven

Zbigniew Styczyński, Magdeburg, Germany
Professor at Otto-von-Guericke University

Jan Sykulski, Southampton, UK
Professor at University of Southampton

Slawomir Wiak, Lodz, Poland
Professor at Łódź University of Technology

Dmitri Vinnikov, Tallinn, Estonia
Professor at Tallinn University of Technology

Language Editor

Krystyna Guzek

Statistical Editor

Mariusz Barański, Poznan, Poland
Poznan University of Technology

Theme Editors:

Jerzy Barglik, Gliwice, Poland
Professor at Silesian University of Technology

Andrzej Cichon, Opole, Poland
Professor at Opole University of Technology

Lech Grzesiak, Warsaw, Poland
Professor at Warsaw University of Technology

Kazimierz Jakubiuk, Gdansk, Poland
Professor at Gdansk University of Technology

Zbigniew Lubosny, Gdansk, Poland
Professor at Gdańnk University of Technology

Marian Łukaniszyn, Opole, Poland
Professor at Opole University of Technology

Pawel Pijarski, Lublin, Poland
Professor at Lublin University of Technology

Henryka Danuta Stryczewska, Lublin, Poland
Professor at Lublin University of Technology

Jan Sykulski, Southampton, UK
Professor at University of Southampton

Adam Szelag, Warsaw, Poland
Professor at Warsaw University of Technology

Romulad Włodek, Krakow, Poland
Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology

Technical Editor

Typesetting in LATEX: Drukarnia Braci Grodzickich Sp.j., 05-500 Piaseczno, ul. Geodetów 47a, Poland

All contributions should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief or the Editorial Office:

Address of the Editorial Office:

Archives of Electrical Engineering
Piotrowo 3A (Room 612X)
60-965 Poznan, Poland
tel: (48-61) 665-26-36
fax: (48-61) 665-23-81
e-mail: aee@put.poznan.pl

Website: www.aee.put.poznan.pl

Archives of Electrical Engineering is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Content

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4

1 Modelling of magnetisation processes in transformer steel sheets

Michał Sierżęga , Witold Mazgaj

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 855-870 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147415

Keywords: Goss texture hysteresis loop magnetisation process modelling transformer core transformer steel sheet

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Abstract

This study describes a method that allows the modelling of magnetisation processes in transformer steel sheets for any direction of the magnetic field strength. In the proposed approach, limiting hysteresis loops for the rolling and transverse directions were used. These loops are modified depending on the magnetisation angle between the direction of the field strength vector and rolling direction. For this purpose, unique correction coefficients, which are functions of the magnetisation angle, were applied for both hysteresis loops. An algorithm for determining the limiting hysteresis loops for any magnetisation angle is presented herein. The calculation results for several cases of magnetisation were compared with the measured hysteresis loops.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Sierżęga

e-mail:

ORCID:

Witold Mazgaj

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Electrical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska str., 31-155 Kraków, Poland

2 Optimal size and location of dispatchable distributed generators in an autonomous microgrid using Honey Badger algorithm

Tham X. Nguyen , Robert Lis

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 871-893 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147416

Keywords: autonomous microgrid dispatchable distributed generator droop control modified backward-forward sweep voltage stability index

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Abstract

The paper presents a honey badger algorithm (HB) based on a modified backwardforward sweep power flow method to determine the optimal placement of droop-controlled dispatchable distributed generations (DDG) corresponding to their sizes in an autonomous microgrid (AMG). The objectives are to minimise active power loss while considering the reduction of reactive power loss and total bus voltage deviation, and the maximisation of the voltage stability index. The proposed HB algorithm has been tested on a modified IEEE 33-bus AMG under four scenarios of the load profile at 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the rated load. The analysis of the results indicates that Scenario 4, where the HB algorithm is used to optimise droop gains, the positioning of DDGs, and their reference voltage magnitudes within a permissible range, is more effective in mitigating transmission line losses than the other scenarios. Specifically, the active and reactive power losses in Scenario 4 with the HB algorithm are only 0.184% and 0.271% of the total investigated load demands, respectively. Compared to the base scenario (rated load), Scenario 4 using the HB algorithm also reduces active and reactive power losses by 41.86% and 31.54%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed HB algorithm outperforms the differential evolution algorithm when comparing power losses for scenarios at the total investigated load and the rated load. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective in reducing power losses for the problem of optimal placement and size of DDGs in the AMG.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tham X. Nguyen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Robert Lis

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

3 Core loss resistance impact on sensorless speed control of an induction motor using hybrid adaptive sliding mode observer

Tadele Ayana , Lelisa Wogi , Marcin Morawiec

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 895-913 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147417

Keywords: induction motor loss minimization core losses adaptive observer sliding mode controller

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Abstract

Induction motors (IMs) experience power losses when a portion of the input power is converted to heat instead of driving the load. The combined effect of copper losses, core losses, and mechanical losses results in IM power losses. Unfortunately, the core losses in the motor, which have a considerable impact on its energy efficiency, are not taken into account by the generally employed dynamic model in the majority of the studies. Due to this, the motor rating often corresponds to the worst-case load in applications, but the motor frequently operates below rated conditions. A hybridized model reference adaptive system (MRAS) with sliding mode control (SMC) is used in this study for sensorless speed control of an induction motor with core loss, allowing the motor to operate under a variety of load conditions. As a result, the machine can run at maximum efficiency while carrying its rated load. By adjusting the ��-axis current in the �� - �� reference frame in vector-controlled drives, the system’s performance is enhanced by running the motor at its optimum flux. Regarding the torque and speed of both induction motors with and without core loss, the Adaptive Observer Sliding Mode Control (AOSMC) has been constructed and simulated in this case. The AOSMC with core loss produced good performance when the proposed controller was tested.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadele Ayana

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lelisa Wogi

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Morawiec

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

4 Augmented speed control scheme of dual induction motors with mutual flux angle control loop

Dmytro Kondratenko , Arkadiusz Lewicki , Krzysztof Łuksza

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 915-930 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147418

Keywords: dual-motor drive induction motors (IMs) five-leg voltage source inverter (FLVSI) rotor angle control sensorless control

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Abstract

This paper proposes an augmented speed control scheme of dual induction motors fed by a five-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) with a common/shared-leg. An additional control loop is proposed here and based on the mutual flux angle – the difference between flux angular positions of the IMs. The main purpose of this research is to minimize the energy losses in the common inverter leg by controlling the mutual flux angle, at equal angular speeds of both motors. Simulation and experimental studies were carried out and the effectiveness of the proposed control method was proven. The PLECS software package was used for the simulation tests. The laboratory prototypewas prepared for the experimental validation. All results were provided and discussed in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dmytro Kondratenko

e-mail:

ORCID:

Arkadiusz Lewicki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Łuksza

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

5 Solar power and multi-battery for new configuration DC microgrid using centralized control

Adhi Kusmantoro , Irna Farikhah

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 931-950 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147419

Keywords: centralized control DC microgrid multi-battery PV array

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Abstract

The abundant use of solar energy in Indonesia has the potential to become electrical energy in a microgrid system. Currently the use of renewable energy sources (RESs) in Indonesia is increasing in line with the reduction of fossil fuels. This paper proposes a new microgrid DC configuration and designs a centralized control strategy to manage the power flow from renewable energy sources and the load side. The proposed design uses three PV arrays (300 Wp PV module) with a multi-battery storage system (MBSS), storage (200 Ah battery). Centralized control in the study used an outseal programmable logic controller (PLC). In this study, the load on the microgrid is twenty housing, so that the use of electrical energy for one day is 146.360 Wh. It is estimated that in one month it takes 4.390.800 Wh of electrical energy. The new DC microgrid configuration uses a hybrid configuration, namely the DC coupling and AC coupling configurations.The results of the study show that the DC microgrid hybrid configuration with centralized control is able to alternately regulate the energy flow from the PV array and MBSS. The proposed system has an efficiency of 98% higher than the previous DC microgrid control strategy and configuration models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adhi Kusmantoro

Irna Farikhah

Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas PGRI Semarang Jl. Sidodadi Timur No. 24 – Dr. Cipto, Semarang 50125, Indonesia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Jl. Sidodadi Timur No. 24 – Dr. Cipto, Semarang 50125, Indonesia

6 Characteristics simulations of the electrodynamic railgun different constructions and their measurement verification

Paweł Piekielny , Bronisław Tomczuk , Andrzej Waindok

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 951-969 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147420

Keywords: 3D field analysis analysis of transients analytical models electrodynamic accelerators experimental verification field-circuit modeling projectile velocity

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Abstract

Dynamic characteristics for three types of railgun constructions were simulated and measured in this work. The simplest construction is the iron-less (IL) railgun, while the two other ones (IC and ICPM) have an iron-core. The iron-core permanent magnet (ICPM) railgun additionally has permanent magnets. To compare their characteristics, similar dimensions of the rails and iron cores were adopted, and the same power supply system was used. Numerical magnetic field analyses and our analytical models have been used to determine the electromagnetic parameters. They were verified experimentally. The transient states of the railguns were studied with our field-circuit mathematical model, and their results were also verified by experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Piekielny

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bronisław Tomczuk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrzej Waindok

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76 str., 45-758 Opole, Poland

7 Frequency control of voltage sourced converter-based multi-terminal direct current interconnected system based on virtual synchronous generator

Congshan Li , Xiaowei Zhang , Ping He , Zikai Zhen , Kefeng Zhao

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 971-986 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147421

Keywords: adaptive droop control power margin VSG VSC-MTDC

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Abstract

In response to the inability of the flexible DC transmission system connected to the AC grid under conventional control strategies to provide inertia to the system as well as to participate in frequency regulation, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy is proposed for a voltage source converter (VSC)-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (VSC-MTDC) interconnection system. First, the virtual controller module is designed by coupling AC frequency and active power through virtual inertia control, so that the VSC-MTDC system can provide inertia response for AC grid frequency. Second, by introducing the power margin of the converter station into the droop coefficient, the unbalanced power on the DC side is reasonably allocated to reduce the overshoot of the DC voltage in the regulation process. Finally, the power regulation capability of the normal AC system is used to provide power support to the fault end system, reducing frequency deviations and enabling inter-regional resource complementation. The simulation model of the three-terminal flexible DC grid is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by comparing the conventional control strategy and the additional frequency control strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Congshan Li

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaowei Zhang

Ping He

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zikai Zhen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kefeng Zhao

College of Electrical Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China

8 Parameter estimation of photovoltaic module relied on golden jackal optimization

Thuan Thanh Nguyen

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 987-1003 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147422

Keywords: golden jackal optimization henry gas solubility optimization particle swarm optimization PV parameter estimation single diode model

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Abstract

Due to the nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the photovoltaic (PV) module, building a precise mathematical model of the PV module is necessary for evaluating and optimizing the PV systems. This paper proposes a method of building PV parameter estimation models based on golden jackal optimization (GJO). GJO is a recently developed algorithm inspired by the idea of the hunting behavior of golden jackals. The explored and exploited searching strategies of GJO are built based on searching for prey as well as harassing and grabbing prey of golden jackals. The performance of GJO is considered on the commercial KC200GT module under various levels of irradiance and temperature. Its performance is compared to well-known particle swarm optimization (PSO), recent Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO) and some previous methods. The obtained results show that GJO can estimate unknown PV parameters with high precision. Furthermore, GJO can also provide better efficiency than PSO and HGSO in terms of statistical results over several runs. Thus, GJO can be a reliable algorithm for the PV parameter estimation problem under different environmental conditions.

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