The complexity of the phenomena associated with the course of the cognitive processes that determine an efficient learning, excludes the possibility of collecting knowledge in other ways than neuronal-information. It excludes also possibilities of interpreting it, in other ways than with use of respectively formalized cognitive models. The presented paper is a kind of summary of the latest achievements in this field.
The research paper presents the results of the dynamic analysis of an existing bar dome subjected to wind loads. The calculation model of the structure was constructed using the finite element method. The dome was subjected to the standard wind pressure, assuming that it is operates in a harmonic manner. The numerical analyses were performed with the application of Autodesk Robot and MES3D. The analysis focused on the impact of selected factors such as the frequency of forcing, wind gustiness coefficient and structural damping on the behaviour of structures.
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób zastosowanie teorii dyskursu do problematyzowania rozumienia religii i sfery publicznej może skierować uwagę na nowe aspekty w badaniu publicznej roli religii. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej, krótko prezentuję dotychczasowe badania na temat publicznej obecności religii, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koncepcji teorii deprywatyzacji i religii publicznej José Casanovy. W drugiej części pokazuję, jak przyjęte przez Casanovę założenia dotyczące religii oraz sfery publicznej przekładają się na ograniczenia dla rozumienia i badania publicznej obecności religii. W odpowiedzi na te krytyczne głosy, w trzeciej części, wskazuję, w jaki sposób teoria dyskursu może być przydatna w radzeniu sobie z takimi ograniczeniami, a w rezultacie pozwolić na trafniejszą diagnozę oraz interpretację roli religii w sferze publicznej.
Plant viruses create many changes in the morphology of the plant cell once the infection process has begun. This paper describes and compares the ultrastructural changes induced in maize cells by two isolates of Maize dwarfmosaic virus (MDMV), Spanish (MDMV-Sp) and Polish (MDMV-P), and one isolate of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) at 10 and 42 days post-inoculation: the concentration and arrangement of virus particles, inclusion bodies associated with infection, and other cytological alterations. The most important difference between maize cells infected with MDMV isolates and with SCMV-P1 was in the form of cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions. In cells infected with MDMV only typical inclusions such as pinwheels and scrolls were observed, but laminar aggregates were also present in SCMV-infected cells. No virus particles were found in plant cell organelles. Specific virion arrangements occurred in cells infected with MDMV-Sp and SCMV. The most interesting new finding was of specific amorphous inclusions in the cytoplasm of MDMV-Sp-infected cells, which clearly differentiated the two MDMV isolates studied.