Applied sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

Description

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence,
Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology,
Civil Engineering,
Control, Informatics and Robotics,

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics,
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics,
Material Science and Nanotechnology,
Power Systems and Power Electronics.

Submit your article

Journal Metrics:

JCR Impact Factor 2023:	1.2
5 Year Impact Factor 2022:	1.1
CiteScore 2023:	2.8
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023:	0.282
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023:	0.573
Ministry of Education and Science:	100 points

Abbreviated title: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci.

ISSN

ISSN 2300-1917

Editorial Board 2023-2025

Editor-in-Chief:

A. Rogalski, Military University of Technology

Honorary (Past) Editor-in Chief:

T. Kaczorek, Warsaw University of Technology

M.P. Kaźmierkowski, Warsaw University of Technology

Deputy Editor-in-Chief:

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

M. Mrozowski, Gdansk University of Technology

Board of Topical Co-editors:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence

S. Osowski, B. Sawicki and T. Leś, Warsaw University of Technology

Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology

D. Pijanowska, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

Civil Engineering

L. Czarnecki, Building Research Institute, ITB, Warsaw

Ł. Sadowski, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

Control, Robotics and Informatics

J. Klamka and A. Babiarz, Silesian Technical University

J. Stefanowski, Poznan University of Technology

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics

M. Mrozowski and A. Lamęcki, Gdansk University of Technology

Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

G. Zboiński, Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAN and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Materials Science and Nanotechnology

B. Major and P. Czaja, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAN

Power Systems and Power Electronics

J. Rąbkowski and M. Jasiński, Warsaw University of Technology

International Editorial Advisory Board

R. Asthana, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA

Xu Binshi, China Association of Plant Engineering, Beijing, P.R. China

F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark

C. Cecati, University of L’Aquila, Italy

A. Cichocki, RIKEN Institute, Tokyo, Japan

M. David, National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France

R. Ebner, Materials Centre Leoben, Leoben, Austria

E. Fornasini, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

L.G. Franquelo, University of Sevilla, Spain

M. Gad-el-Hak, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA

M. Giersig, Free University of Berlin, Germany

D. van Gemert, Catholic University Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium

L. Keviczky, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

V. Kučera, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

R. Kennel, Technical University Munich, Germany

T.A. Kowalewski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

E. Levi, Liverpool John Moore University, UK

G. Maier, Technical University of Milan, Milan, Italy

K.F. Man, City University of Hong Kong,

R. Maniewski, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

H.A. Mang, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

H. Mihashi, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

S. Mindess, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

D.A. Mlynski, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

A.S. Nowak, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

K. Ohnishi, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

A. Öberg, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

W. Pedrycz, University of Alberta, Canada

M. Razeghi, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

J. Rodriguez, University of Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

J.V. Sloten, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

B.M. Wilamowski, University of Auburn, Alabama, USA

A.L. Yarin, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA

Du Xiangwan, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China

J. Żurada, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, USA

Editorial Office:

Pałac Kultury i Nauki

Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych PAN

Pl. Defilad 1

PL 00-901 Warszawa

Managing Editor:

Renata Podraza, e-mail: Renata.Podraza@pan.pl

Finance:

Katarzyna Łasak, e-mail: Katarzyna.Lasak@pan.pl

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Volumes
Instructions for authors

Select number

Content

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | No. 6 (in progress)

1 Traffic accident prediction method based on multi-view spatial-temporal learning

Jian Feng , Tian Liu , Yuqiang Qiao

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | No. 6 (in progress) | e151955 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151955

Keywords: traffic accident prediction spatial-temporal dependencies accident precursor spatial heterogeneity

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Traffic accident prediction is a crucial component of an intelligent traffic system, which is important to maintain citizen safety and decrease economic losses. Current methods for traffic accident prediction based on deep learning fail to consider the driving mechanisms of traffic accidents, so a novel traffic accident prediction method based on multi-view spatial-temporal learning is proposed, which represents the driving mechanism of traffic accidents from multiple views. Firstly, for the urban regions divided by grids, a new augmentation was designed to augment the spatial semantic information of regions through learnable semantic embedding, then deformable convolutional networks with non-fixed convolution kernels are used to learn dynamic spatial dependencies between regions and gated recurrent units are used to learn temporal dependencies, which can capture dynamic spatial-temporal evolution patterns of traffic accidents. Secondly, long short-term memory is employed to learn the traffic flow breakdown from the flow difference of adjacent time steps in each region to recognize the traffic accident precursor in the risk environment. Thirdly, accident patterns in different regions are learned from historical traffic flow to determine whether the flow is the dominant factor and capture the spatial heterogeneity of traffic accidents. Finally, the above features are fused for accident prediction at the regional level. Experiments are conducted on two real datasets, and the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms eight benchmark methods.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jian Feng

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tian Liu

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yuqiang Qiao

College of Computer Science & Technology, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China
Shaanxi Branch, China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, China

2 Verification of MLP network-based current sensor fault classifier for vector-controlled AC motor drives

Krystian Teler , Maciej Skowron , Teresa Orłowska-Kowalska

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e150336 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.150336

Keywords: AC motor drives current sensor faults fault classification neural networks universal faultclassifier

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In modern drive systems, the aim is to ensure their operational safety. Damage can occur not only to the components of the motor itself but also to the power electronic devices included in the frequency converter and sensors in the measurement circuit. Critical damage to the electric drive that makes its further exploitation impossible can be prevented by using fault-tolerant control (FTC) algorithms. These algorithms are very often combined with diagnostic methods that assess the degree and type of damage. In this paper, a fault classification algorithm using an artificial neural network (ANN) is analyzed for stator phase current sensors in AC motor drives. The authors confirm that the investigated classification algorithm works equally well on two different AC motors without the need for significant modifications, such as retraining the neural network when transferring the algorithm to another object. The method uses a stator current estimator to replace faulty sensor measurements in a vector control structure. The measured and estimated currents are then subjected to a classification process using a multilayer perceptron (MLP), which has the advantage of small structure size as compared to deep learning structures. The uniqueness of the method lies in the use of data in the training set that are not dependent on the parameters of a specific motor. Four types of current sensor faults were studied, namely total signal loss, gain error, offset and signal saturation. Simulations were performed in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for drive systems with an induction motor (IM) and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The results show that the algorithm correctly evaluates the type of damage in more than 99.6% of cases regardless of the type of motor. Therefore, the results presented here may help to develop universal diagnostic methods that will work on a wide variety of motors.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krystian Teler

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maciej Skowron

e-mail:

ORCID:

Teresa Orłowska-Kowalska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Machines, Drives and Measurements, Wrocław, Poland

3 Two-step reinforcement learning for multistage strategy card game

Konrad Godlewski , Bartosz Sawicki

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e151376 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151376

Keywords: reinforcement learning incremental learning card games

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study introduces a two-step reinforcement learning (RL) strategy tailored for "The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game", a complex multistage strategy card game. The research diverges from conventional RL methods by adopting a phased learning approach, beginning with a foundational learning step in a simplified version of the game and subsequently progressing to the complete, intricate game environment. This methodology notably enhances the AI agent’s adaptability and performance in the face of the unpredictable and challenging nature of the game. The paper also explores a multi-phase system where distinct RL agents are employed for various decision-making phases of the game. This approach has demonstrated remarkable improvement, with the RL agents achieving a winrate of 78.5 % at the highest difficulty level.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Godlewski

Bartosz Sawicki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

4 Melanoma recognition using an ensemble of deep CNN structures

Fabian Gil , Stanisław Osowski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e151675 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151675

Keywords: CNN structures ensemble of classifiers melanoma recognition

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper proposes a deep-learning approach to the recognition of melanoma images. It relies on the application of many different architectures of CNN combined in the form of an ensemble. The units of the highest efficiency are selected as the potential members of the ensemble. Different methods of arrangement of the ensemble members are studied and the limited number of the best units are included in the final form of an ensemble. The results of numerical experiments performed on the ISIC2017 database have shown the very high efficiency of the proposed ensemble system. The best accuracy in recognition of melanoma from nonmelanoma cases obtained by the ensemble was 96.54% at AUC = 0.9909, sensitivity 94.71%, and specificity 97.67%. These values are superior to the results presented for this ISIC2017 database.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Fabian Gil

Stanisław Osowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

5 Experimental investigations of ultra-lightweight-concrete encased cold-formed steel structures: local stability behavior of C-section profiles subjected to eccentric compression

Ahmed Alabedi , Péter Hegyi

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e151044 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151044

Keywords: cold-formed steel experimental test lightweight concrete continuous bracing sustainability

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Nowadays, cold-formed steel (CFS) has become widely used in the field of lightweight structures. In 2016, the Budapest University of Technology and Economics initiated a research study on a unique structural system using CFS and utilized ultra-lightweight concrete as an encasing material. This material serves as continuous bracing that improves CFS element resistance, stability behavior and performance, while also manifesting heat insulation capabilities, thus helping achieve sustainability goals. This paper is considered a continuation of previous research conducted by the authors. An experimental investigation was carried out on encased CFS columns subjected to eccentric loading. A total of fourteen stub-columns, with two distinct thicknesses, were subjected to various loading conditions for testing. The test results showed that local failure controlled the behavior of all the tested elements. The reduction in capacity resulting from eccentricity with respect to centric resistance varied between 20% and 52%, depending on the load position applied and on the core thickness of the tested steel elements. Moreover, the test outcomes were compared to the Eurocode analytical solution of pure steel elements. The overall load increment ranged from 46% to 18%, with a more noticeable bracing impact observed in the case of slender elements. Material tests also supplement the results.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Alabedi

e-mail:

ORCID:

Péter Hegyi

Department of Structural Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

6 A sustainable approach-based optimization of internal diamond burnishing operation

An-Le Van , Truong-An Nguyen , Xuan-Ba Dang , Trung-Thanh Nguyen

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e151953 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151953

Keywords: internal burnishing cryogenic CO2 energy consumed surface roughness optimization

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The related work of the diamond burnishing processes focused on improvements in surface quality. The study aims to optimize burnishing factors, including the spraying distance of the nozzle (��), the inlet pressure of the cold air (��), and the quantity of the liquid CO2 (��) of the cool and cryogenic-assisted diamond burnishing operation for minimizing energy consumed (EC) and arithmetical mean surface height roughness (Sa). Burnishing responses are modelled based on the radial basis function network and full factorial data. The entropy method, improved grey wolf optimizer, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, and technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution were implemented to calculate the weights, produce solutions, and select the best outcome. As a result, the optimal data of the ��, ��, and �� were 15.0 mm, 3.0 bar, and 11.0 L/min, respectively. The Sa and EC were reduced by 20.4% and 3.8%, respectively, at the optimality. The optimized outcomes could be employed to improve energy efficiency and machining quality for the internal diamond burnishing process. The optimizing technique could be used to solve complicated issues for different burnishing operations. The cool and cryogenic-assisted diamond burnishing process could be utilized for machining different internal holes.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

An-Le Van

1 2

Truong-An Nguyen

Xuan-Ba Dang

Trung-Thanh Nguyen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Vo Van Ngan Street, Linh Chieu Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, 236 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
Department of Automatic Control, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education,

7 Cascade-free predictive adhesion control for IPMSM-driven electric trains

Jiao Ren , Ruiqi Li

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e151375 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151375

Keywords: adhesion control cascade-free maximize longitudinal acceleration force perturbation and observation predictive speed control

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The application of active adhesion control to the traction control system of an electric train holds great appeal for maximizing longitudinal acceleration force. Most of the currently reported works regulate the adhesion between wheel and rail by adjusting the torque reference of a cascade motor drive controller, which suffers from slow speed response and excessive start torque. This article proposes a cascadefree predictive adhesion control strategy for electric trains powered by an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) to address these issues. The proposed control scheme utilizes an improved perturbation and observation method to predict the time-varying wheel-rail adhesion state and determine the optimal slip speed. The initial setpoint reference command from the driver master is then adjusted to a dynamic reference that continuously adapts to the predicted adhesion conditions. Finally, the predictive speed control method is employed to ensure rapid convergence of the tracking objective. The simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing results confirm that this approach achieves excellent dynamic performance, particularly during the train start-up phase and in the high-speed weak magnetic area of the IPMSM

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jiao Ren

Ruiqi Li

e-mail:

ORCID:

Urban Vocational College of Sichuan,Chengdu 610031, China
School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

8 Development of an advanced control algorithm for DAB DC/DC converters: inrush current limitation and enhanced operation in transient states

Serafin Bachman , Marek Turzyński

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e150328 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.150328

Keywords: dual active bridge bidirectional isolated DAB efficiency control loop transient stateproblems analytical calculations DC/DC converter

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The publication addresses the dynamic state challenges encountered during development of a dual active bridge (DAB) converter within DC microgrid systems. The conventional startup method is identified as instigating a cascade of unfavorable outcomes, encompassing elevated starting current, transformer current asymmetry, DC voltage distortions, EMI and heightened thermal stress on semiconductor components. Additionally, it necessitates precise calibration of magnetic components and diodes. A proposed remedy to these issues is introduced, involving a control method based on an additional phase shift to modulate the current of the primary H bridge. This novel control methodology is posited as a means to mitigate the aforementioned undesirable effects associated with traditional converter initiation techniques. The research also delves into considerations of a proper design procedure for the converter. Emphasis is placed on integrating the novel control methodology into the design framework in order to effectively address challenges arising during transient states. Validation of the proposed solution is substantiated through a series of laboratory tests, the results of which are comprehensively presented in the article. These tests affirm the efficiency of the system when incorporating the novel control methodology, thereby substantiating its practical utility in mitigating the issues identified during the initiation phase of the DAB converter in DC microgrid systems.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Serafin Bachman

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marek Turzyński

Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Warsaw, Poland
Gdansk University of Technology, Department of Power Electronics and Electrical Machines

9 Bistable relay – contribution of electromechanical design to global energy savings

Piotr Tetlak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 6 | e151679 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.151679

Keywords: energy efficiency electromagnetic relays bistable relays magnetic circuits design finite element method

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Green energy transformation requires comprehensive strategies that include both innovations in energy production and more efficient energy use. This article investigates the potential for saving electrical energy in industrial automation systems by utilizing bistable switching/relay. Compared to traditional systems, these innovative solutions demonstrate significant reductions in energy consumption. A market analysis of available bistable relays, along with experimental determination of their control conditions, highlights their application potential and indicates the benefits of their implementation. The findings suggest that replacing classical relays with their bistable counterparts could significantly contribute to global sustainability efforts. The article presents the process of redesigning a standard industrial relay into a bistable design. Adding two additional elements achieved the intended bistable functionality. The article calls for increased research and investment in such technologies, emphasizing that the energy-saving potential offered by bistable switching/relay circuits should not be overlooked.

Go to article