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A review on eye movement analysis in map reading process: the status of the last decade

Vassilios Krassanakis Paweł Cybulski
Geodesy and Cartography | 2019 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 191-209 | DOI: 10.24425/gac.2019.126088
Keywords cartography eye tracking eye movement analysis map reading map perception
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Abstract

Eye tracking constitutes a valuable tool for the examination of human visual behavior since it provides objective measurements related to the performed visual strategies during the observation of any type of visual stimuli. Over the last decade, eye movement analysis contributed substantially to the better understanding of how visual attention processes work in different types of maps. Considering the clear need for the examination of map user reaction during the observation of realistic cartographic products (i.e. static maps, animated maps, interactive and multimedia maps), a critical amount of experimental studies were performed in order to study different aspects related to map reading process by the cartographic community. The foundation of these studies is based on theories and models that have been developed in similar research domains (i.e. psychology, neuroscience etc.), while the research outcomes that produced over these years can be used directly for the design of more effective and efficient maps. The aim of the present article is to summarize and present the current panorama of the existing eye tracking studies in cartographic research appeared over the last decade. Additionally, methodological contributions (including analysis tools) of cartographic society in the field of eye movement analysis are reported, while existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vassilios Krassanakis
Paweł Cybulski

Remote System for Reading Traffic Signs and Information

Konrad Janisz Jacek Stępień Szczepan Odrobina
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2018 | vol. 64 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/119374
Keywords systems automotive electronics telecommunications traffic signs reading Internet of Things
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Abstract

This paper presents an experimental system for remote communication between road users and traffic signs. Implemented solution consists of two modules: a transmitter (traffic sign), including novel system for remote waking-up by the passing vehicle with use of the quasi-passive (biased) diode detector circuit, and a receiver (vehicle), which is responsible for wake-up signaling and interpreting received messages. Both modules use Wi-Fi protocol operating in 2.4 GHz ISM band for sending data, and OOK signaling in 868 MHZ ISM band for sending wake-up signals. The paper provides theoretical analysis, description of design challenges and chosen solutions, and finally, laboratory measurements as well as the results of tests conducted in the systems’ target environment with a moving vehicle, confirming correct operation of the system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Janisz
Jacek Stępień
Szczepan Odrobina

How to Read and Interpret Dostoevsky Today? Some Methodological and Technical Remarks

Michał Kruszelnicki
Slavia Orientalis | 2019 | vol. LXVIII | No 1 | 7-29 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2019.126543
Keywords Dostoevsky text methodology reading interpretation originality
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Abstract

The article is a contribution to the methodology of reading and interpreting Dostoevsky’s famous novels. It owes its genesis to the refl ection upon the evolution of literary theory discourse in XX century and upon transformations in global (mainly Russian and Western) reception and modes of interpreting the oeuvre of the great Russian artist. The aim of the text is to prepare ground for reorienting Polish “dostoevskology” from the dominant reconstructive course onto the more creative, interpretative one. The order of my inquiries presents itself as follows. In the fi rst part of the article I focus on the questions of ideas, the protagonist and narrative techniques in Dostoevsky so that to highlight the specifi city of the writer’s approach to these issues. It will allow me to speak up for the minimum of methodological awareness which implies acknowledgment of the paradigm of polyphony, polysemy and complexity of Dostoevsky’s text. Perhaps it will also become possible to reveal some gaps in the hitherto existing state of research, debunk several stereotypes still functioning in Polish “dostoevskology”, and draw attention to still unrecognized interpretative clues in context of those crucial aspects of Dostoevsky’s work. In the second part I will reconstruct several most popular approaches to Dostoevsky’s text which differ in terms of understanding of what the relation between the reader and the text should comprise of. I will try to determine the benefi ts they can bring but also to sensitize to pitfalls they may entail. In the fi nal, third part of the study I will propose a project of a new interpretative approach which would rise to the challenge of Dostoevsky’s “spirit” as well as the spirit of his text the way it is construed by the most advanced contemporary critical studies and as I have learnt to perceive it.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kruszelnicki
ORCID: ORCID

On Ethics in Mass Literature. The Ethical Implications of the Category of Strangeness in the Novels of Guzel Yakhina

Monika Sidor
Slavia Orientalis | 2020 | vol. LXIX | No 4 | 813-832 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2020.135779
Keywords mass literature ethics defamiliarization others ethical reading
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Abstract

This article deals with the issue of the means of conveying ethical reflection in mass literature. The material under analysis are Guzel Yakhina’s bestselling novels Zuleikha Opens her Eyes and My Children. The author concentrates on the motifs which express oddity and strangeness observed among the descriptions of the protagonists, events and situations. Considered also is oddity on the level of narrative which seems to be very similar to the artistic technique of defamiliarization. Analyses show that through contrast the discussed motives are in Yakhina’s novels strictly connected with commitment to others and also a responsibility for them. This connection broadens the horizons of ethics in popular and mass literature and opens up the perspective of ethical reading.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Sidor
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Lublin, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Item Discrimination of IELTS Reading Comprehension Section: Evidence from Event Related Potentials

Reyhaneh Barani Toroghi Zahra Zohoorian Majid Ghoshuni
Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2021 | vol. 52 | No 1 | 1-30 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2021.136813
Keywords IELTS Reading Comprehension Item Discrimination Event Related Potentials
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Abstract

The development of international proficiency tests such as IELTS, which entail important decision making about people’s academic lives, requires complex processes to ensure item discrimination. Previous research has indicated that IELTS has been ineffective in omitting distractor components, which may offer limitations in differentiating among the candidates. Among all the sections, particular attention has been paid to the reading comprehension component and it is considered as a criterion for determining whether a person is academically literate or not. While there seems to be a deep linkage between brain and reading comprehension, Event Related Potentials (ERP), as one of the methods used for measuring brain activity, allows researchers to observe reading- related brain processes and can document neural patterns at the millisecond level. This study aimed at examining item discrimination of the reading comprehension section of the IELTS exam through ERP. With a sample of 10 participants holding the band scores from 6 to 8, the reading comprehension items of a retired version of IELTS were given to the test takers as the task or the stimulus. It was found out that there is a mismatch between the proposed category of difficulty given for the reading comprehension item types and ERP evidence.
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Authors and Affiliations

Reyhaneh Barani Toroghi
1
Zahra Zohoorian
1
Majid Ghoshuni
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Languages, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran

Fault Tolerant Radiation Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor and Actor Network in a Nuclear Facility

Mohamed Yehia Habash Nabil Mohamed Abd Elfatah Ayad Abd Elhady Abd Elazim Ammar
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 87-93 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.135948
Keywords WSAN Fault Tolerant Monitoring System Sensor Readings Validation WSN in Nuclear Facilities
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Abstract

In nuclear facilities, the reading of the sensors is very important in the assessments of the system state. The existence of an abnormal state could be caused by a failure in the sensor itself instead of a failure in the system. So, being unable to identify the main cause of the “abnormal state” and take proper actions may end in unnecessary shutdown for the nuclear facility that may have expensive economic consequences. That is why, it is extremely important for a supervision and control system to identify the case where the failure in the sensor is the main cause for the existence of an abnormal state. In this paper, a system based on a wireless sensor network is proposed to monitor the radiation levels around and inside a nuclear facility. A new approach for validating the sensor readings is proposed and investigated using the Castalia simulator.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Yehia Habash
1
Nabil Mohamed Abd Elfatah Ayad
1
Abd Elhady Abd Elazim Ammar
2
  1. Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
  2. Electrical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Al azhar University, Egypt

Elegy for Harold Bloom

Karolina Rychter
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 1 | 111-115 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.132974
Keywords H. Bloom literature reading western canon misreading anxiety of influence originality
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Abstract

This is an obituary of Harold Bloom and a brief review of his two books: The Western Canon and How to Read and Why, which were recently translated into Polish. It also outlines Bloom’s unique conception of literature and his praise of solitary reading.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Rychter

Ethics of reading in the context of unreliability of narrator: Kazuo Ishiguro’s 'The Remains of the Day'

Anna Głąb
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 1 | 169-191 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.132977
Keywords ethics of reading narratology unreliability of narrator K. Ishiguro J. Phelan
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Abstract

The study focuses on the relationship between the ethics of reading and the narrator’s unreliability in the novel by Kazuo Ishiguro The Remains of the Day. Drawing on James Phelan’s research, the authoress states that unreliability that can be attributed to the narrator of Ishiguro’s novel can be classified as either an error of being in the wrong or withholding some information consciously. Consequently, six types of unreliability can be distinguished: misreporting, misinterpreting, misevaluating, underreporting, underinterpreting, underevaluating. Employing these categories, the authoress analyses a literary text and lists different types of unreliability which are characteristic of Stevens, the main character and the narrator in Ishiguro’s novel.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Głąb
ORCID: ORCID

Remote Metering in Public Networks

L. Ferrigno R. Morello V. Paciello A. Pietrosanto
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2013 | No 4 | 705-714 | DOI: 10.2478/mms-2013-0061
Keywords Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Remote Metering Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart Metering Visual Sensor
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Abstract

New research trends in energy grids and water networks push toward ICT solutions for allowing remote metering of consumption. In the paper, after an introduction to the European Standards on smart metering, two visual sensors thought to solve typical metering problems in water public networks are described. Particular detail is given hardware and software solutions and the perspective of integration with analog gas and electric energy metering devices.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Ferrigno
R. Morello
V. Paciello
A. Pietrosanto

Design of broadband power line communication module for automatic meter reading

Xia Chen Ling Liu
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 771-780 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.134628
Keywords automatic meter reading low-power consumption long-distance transmission power line communication
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Abstract

Low-power consumption and long-distance transmission are two problems that have to be solved by the application of broadband power line communication for the automatic meter reading system. To reduce the power consumption of the communication module, based on the analysis of the composition of the power consumption, some methods are proposed. From the communication chip level and the module circuit level, the design scheme of low-power consumption is given. To solve the problem of transmission distance, a frequency band of 2.44 MHz~5.6 MHz is used as the main working frequency band. The communication module supports multiple frequency bands. Using this feature, the optimal frequency band is adaptively selected for communication and automatic switching, which further improve the transmission distance. Field application shows that the above methods effectively decrease the power consumption of the communication module and extend the transmission distance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Xia Chen
Ling Liu
ORCID: ORCID

Low Leakage and Robust Sub-threshold SRAM Cell Using Memristor

Zeba Mustaqueem Abdul Quaiyum Ansari Md Waseem Akram
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 667-676 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141287
Keywords 6T SRAM cell memristor power dissipation read and write operation leakage current stability non-volatile circuit
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Abstract

This work aims to improve the total power dissipation, leakage currents and stability without disturbing the logic state of SRAM cell with concept called sub-threshold operation. Though, sub-threshold SRAM proves to be advantageous but fails with basic 6T SRAM cell during readability and writability. In this paper we have investigated a non-volatile 6T2M (6 Transistors & 2 Memristors) sub-threshold SRAM cell working at lower supply voltage of VDD=0.3V, where Memristor is used to store the information even at power failures and restores previous data with successful read and write operation overcomes the challenge faced. This paper also proposes a new configuration of non-volatile 6T2M (6 Transistors & 2 Memristors) subthreshold SRAM cell resulting in improved behaviour in terms of power, stability and leakage current where read and write power has improved by 40% and 90% respectively when compared to 6T2M (conventional) SRAM cell. The proposed 6T2M SRAM cell offers good stability of RSNM=65mV and WSNM=93mV which is much improved at low voltage when compared to conventional basic 6T SRAM cell, and improved leakage current of 4.92nA is achieved as compared.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zeba Mustaqueem
1
Abdul Quaiyum Ansari
1
Md Waseem Akram
1
  1. Jamia Milia Islamia Central University, India

Writing under the martial law regime and reparative reading: Origins and benefits of literary fragility

Iwona Boruszkowska
Ruch Literacki | 2023 | No 4 (379) | 447-462 | DOI: 10.24425/rl.2023.148297
Keywords health humanities illness narrative theory state of emergency writing restorative reading fragility reparability Giorgio Agamben (b. 1942)
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Abstract

This article presents a theoretical framework and a network of concepts that could be useful in analyzing illness narratives. As a relatively new field of the humanities, the cultural discourse of health and illness is still in need of an appropriate methodology and a set of handy concepts, i.e. a foundational cultural theory fit to deal with texts con-cerned with the specific experience of health and illness. Here the key concepts are fragility, reparability, vulnerability and harm. While drawing on the idea of ‘writing in a state of emergency’, based on Giorgio Agamben’s discussion in The State of Exception, the article also offers the author’s own conceptions of a ‘fragile alliance’ and of reading illness narratives as a therapeutic (restorative) activity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Boruszkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet Jagielloński

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