Folia Medica Cracoviensia

1. Duszyński J., Afelt A., Ochab-Marcinek A., Owczuk R., Pyrć K., Rosińska M., Rychard A., Smiatacz T.: Zrozumieć Covid-19. 2020. Polska Akademia Nauk. https://pan.pl/images/2020/opracowanie-covid19-14-09-2020/ZrozumiecCovid19_opracowanie_PAN_interactive.pdf 2. Sydor W.: COVID-19 a zaburzenia krzepnięcia. Medical Research Reviews. ISBN 978–83–65515–97–1. 3. Hu B., Guo H., Zhou P., Zheng-Li S.: Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021; 19: 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7. 4. Levi M., Thachil J., Iba T., Levye J.H.: Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Haematol. 2020; 7: e438–e440. 5. Terlecki M., Wojciechowska W., Klocek M., Olszanecka A., Stolarz-Skrzypek K., Grodzicki T., et al.: Association between cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular drug therapy, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with COVID-19: data from a large single-center registry in Poland. Kardiologia Polska. 2021. 6. Undas A., Podolak-Dawidziak M., Pruszczyk P., Windyga J.: Tromboprofilaktyka i leczenie przeciwkrzepliwe u dorosłych chorych hospitalizowanych z powodu COVID-19. 30 marca 2020. https://nil.org.pl/aktualnosci/5395-tromboprofilaktyka-i-leczenie-przeciwkrzepliwe-u-doroslych- chorych-hospitalizowanych-z-powodu-covid-19. 7. Flisiak R., Horban A., Jaroszewicz J., et al.: Zalecenia postępowania w zakażeniach SARS-CoV-2 Polskiego Towarzystwa Epidemiologów i Lekarzy Chorób Zakaźnych, na dzień 26 kwietnia 2021. http://www.pteilchz.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/REKOMENDACJE-pl-w-C19-2021-26-04- 2021b.pdf. 8. Lo Bianco G., Di Pietro S., Mazzuca E., et al.: Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis and In- Hospital Management of COVID-19 Infection: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Dec 9; 11: 572168. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.572168.

1. Djonov V., Burri P.H.: Corrosion cast analysis of blood vessels. In Methods in Endothelial Cell Biology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2004; 357–369. 2. Mansur D.I., Karki S., Mehta D.K., Shrestha A., Dhungana A.: A Study on Variations of Branching Pattern of Renal Artery with its Clinical Significance. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2019; 17 (66): 136–140. PMID: 32632062. 3. Wróbel G.: Visualization of blood vessels by corrosion technique. J Educ Health Sport. 2017; 7 (9): 283–291. 4. Rueda Esteban R.J., López McCormick J.S., Martínez Prieto D.R., Hernández Restrepo J.D.: Corrosion casting, a known technique for the study and teaching of vascular and duct structure in anatomy. Int J Morphol. 2017; 34 (3): 1147–1153. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022017000300053 5. Musiał A., Gryglewski R., Kielczewski S., Loukas M., Wajda J.: Formalin use in anatomical and histological science in the 19th and 20th centuries. Folia Med Cracov. 2016; 56 (3): 31–40. PMID: 28275269. 6. Bernhard J.C., Isotani S., Matsugasumi T., Duddalwar V., Hung A.J., Suer E., Baco E., Satkunasivam R., Djaladat H., Metcalfe C., Hu B., Wong K., Park D., Nguyen M., Hwang D., Bazargani S.T., de Castro Abreu A.L., Aron M., Ukimura O., Gill I.S.: Personalized 3D printed model of kidney and tumor anatomy: a useful tool for patient education. World J Urol. 2016; 34 (3): 337–345. doi: 10.1007/s00345-015-1632-2. PMID: 26162845. 7. Bücking T.M., Hill E.R., Robertson J.L., Maneas E., Plumb A.A., Nikitichev D.I.: From medical imaging data to 3D printed anatomical models. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (5): e0178540. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178540. PMID: 28562693; PMCID: PMC5451060. 8. Marro A., Bandukwala T., Mak W.: Three-Dimensional Printing and Medical Imaging: A Review of the Methods and Applications. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2016; 45 (1): 2–9. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.07.009. PMID: 26298798. 9. Holzem K.M., Jayarajan S., Zayed M.A.: Surgical planning with three-dimensional printing of a complex renal artery aneurysm. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech. 2018; 4 (1): 19. doi: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2016.08.004. PMID: 29541692. 10. Lin J.C., Myers E.: Three-dimensional printing for preoperative planning of renal artery aneurysm surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2016; 64 (3): 810. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.12.061. PMID: 27565599. 11. Javan R., Herrin D., Tangestanipoor A.: Understanding Spatially Complex Segmental and Branch Anatomy Using 3D Printing: Liver, Lung, Prostate, Coronary Arteries, and Circle of Willis. Acad Radiol. 2016; 23 (9): 1183–1189. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.04.010. PMID: 27283072. 12. McMenamin P.G., Quayle M.R., McHenry C.R., Adams J.W.: The production of anatomical teaching resources using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Anat Sci Educ. 2014; 7 (6): 479–486. doi: 10.1002/ase.1475. PMID: 24976019. 13. Skrzat J., Zdilla M.J., Brzegowy P., Hołda M.: 3D printed replica of the human temporal bone intended for teaching gross anatomy. Folia Med Cracov. 2019; 59 (3): 23–30. doi: 10.24425/fmc.2019.131133. PMID: 31891357. 14. Augustyn M.: Variation of the calicopelvic system of the human kidney in ontogenetic development. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 1978; 37 (2): 157–165. PMID: 308905. 15. Brödel M.: The intrinsic blood vessels of the kidney. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1901; 12: 10–18. 16. Ajmani M.L., Ajmani K.: To study the intrarenal vascular segments of human kidney by corrosion cast technique. Anat Anz. 1983; 154 (4): 293–303. PMID: 6660543. 17. Garg A.K., Garg N., Kaushik R.K., Garg A.: A Review of Vascular Pattern of Human Kidney by Corrosion Cast Technique. Medico-Legal Update. 2012; 12 (2): 22–25. 18. Longia G.S., Kumar V., Gupta C.D.: Intrarenal arterial pattern of human kidney-corrosion cast study. Anat Anz. 1984; 155 (1–5): 183–194. PMID: 6721181. 19. Botsch M., Kobbelt L., Pauly M., Alliez P., Lévy B.: Polygon mesh processing. 2010; AK Natic Ltd, Massachusetts / CRC Press. 20. Cignoni P., Callieri M., Corsini M., Dellepiane M., Ganovelli F., Ranzuglia G.: Meshlab: an open- source mesh processing tool. In Eurographics Italian chapter conference. 2008; 29–136.

1. Robinson L.B., Landman A.B., Shenoy E.S., et al.: Allergic symptoms after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and risk of incomplete vaccination. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Aug; 9 (8): 3200–3202. 2. Krantz M.S., Bruusgaard-Mouritsen M.A., Koo G., Phillips E.J., Stone C.A., Garvey L.H.: Anaphylaxis to the first dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Don’t give up on the second dose! Allergy. 2021 Sep; 76 (9): 2916–2920. doi: 10.1111/all.14958 3. CDC COVID-19 Response Team, FDA: Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 14–23, 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7002e1.htm (Accessed 02 Apr 2021). 4. CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Administration FDA: Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine — United States, December 21, 2020–January 10, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021; 70: 125e9. 5. Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia: Niepożądane Odczyny Poszczepienne po szczepionkach przeciw COVID-19 w Polsce. Raport za okres 27.12.2020–31.07.2021. https://www.pzh.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Raport-NOP-do-31.07.2021.pdf (Accessed 10 Aug 2021). 6. Cabanillas B., Novak N.: Allergy to COVID-19 vaccines: A current update. Allergol Int. 2021 Jul; 70 (3): 313–318. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.04.003 7. Kruszewski J., Cichocka-Jarosz E., Czarnobilska E., et al.: Recommendations of the Polish Society of Allergology on the qualification of person with allergies and anaphylaxis to vaccination against COVID-19. Alergologia Polska — Polish Journal of Allergology. 2021; 8, 1: 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2021.10422 8. Hyun-Jun J., Chan Young S., Kyu-Bong K.: Safety Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds for Cosmetic Use. Toxicol Res. 2015 Jun; 31(2):105–136. doi: 10.5487/TR.2015.31.2.105 9. Wenande E., Garvey L.H.: Immediate-type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review. Clin Exp Allergy 2016 Jul; 46 (7): 907–922. doi: 10.1111/cea.12760 10. Stone C.A. Jr., Liu Y., Relling M.V., et al.: Immediate Hypersensitivity to Polyethylene Glycols and Polysorbates: More Common Than We Have Recognized. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 May– Jun; 7 (5): 1533–1540.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.12.003 11. Castells M.C., Phillips E.J.: Maintaining Safety with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb; 384 (7): 643–649. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2035343 12. Klimek L., Jutel M., Akdis C.A., et al.: ARIA-EAACI statement on severe allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines — An EAACI-ARIA Position Paper. Allergy. 2021 Jun; 76 (6): 1624–1628. doi: 10.1111/all.14726 13. Klimek L., Bergmann K.C., Brehler R., et al.: Practical handling of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines: A position paper from German and Austrian Allergy Societies AeDA, DGAKI, GPA and ÖGAI. Allergo J Int. 2021 Apr; 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s40629-021-00165-7 14. Rutkowski K., Mirakian R., Till S., Rutkowski R., Wagner A.: Adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines: A practical approach. Clin Exp Allergy. 2021 Jun; 51 (6): 770–777. doi: 10.1111/cea.13880 15. Pawliczak R.: Alergologia-kompendium. In: Pawliczak R., ed. Mechanizmy uczulenia. 1st Ed. Poznań: Termedia Wydawnictwa Medyczne; 2013; 31–35. 16. Giavina-Bianchi P., Kalil J.: Polyethylene Glycol Is a Cause of IgE-Mediated Anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7 (6): 1874–1875. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.05.001 17. Wenande E.C., Skov P.S., Mosbech H., Poulsen L.K., Garvey L.H.: Inhibition of polyethylene glycol- induced histamine release by monomeric ethylene and diethylene glycol: a case of probable polyethylene glycol allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 May; 131 (5): 1425–1427. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.037 18. Borderé A., Stockman A., Boone B., et al.: A case of anaphylaxis caused by macrogol 3350 after injection of a corticosteroid. Contact Dermatitis. 2012 Dec; 67 (6): 376–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02104.x 19. Wylon K., Dölle S., Worm M.: Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016 Dec; 12: 67. doi: 10.1186/s13223-016-0172-7. eCollection 2016. 20. Cox F., Khalib K., Conlon N.: PEG That Reaction: A Case Series of Allergy to Polyethylene Glycol. J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Jun; 61 (6): 832–835. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1824. Epub 2021 Feb 28. 21. Greenhawt M., Abrams E.M., Oppenheimer J.: The COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021: Avoiding Overdiagnosis of Anaphylaxis Risk While Safely Vaccinating the World. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Apr; 9 (4): 1438–1441. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.022 22. Bruusgaard-Mouritsen M.A., Jensen B.M., Poulsen L.K., Duus Johansen J., Garvey L.H.: Optimizing investigation of suspected allergy to polyethylene glycols. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 May; S0091-6749(21)00825-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.020 23. Pickert J., Hennighausen I., Mühlenbein S., Möbs C., Pfützner W.: Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Including a PEG-containing COVID-19 Vaccine Revealed by Intradermal Testing. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2021 Jun; 15: 0. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0720 24. Wolfson A.R., Robinson L.B., Li L., et al.: First-Dose mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Allergic Reactions: Limited Role for Excipient Skin Testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Sep; 9 (9): 3308–3320.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.010 25. Santos A.F., Alpan O., Hoffmann H.J.: Basophil activation test: Mechanisms and considerations for use in clinical trials and clinical practice. Allergy. 2021 Aug; 76 (8): 2420–2432. doi: 10.1111/all.14747 26. Ansotegui I.J., Melioli G., Canonica G.W., et al.: IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper. World Allergy Organ J. 2020 Feb; 13 (2): 100080. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080 27. Spiewak R.: Eczema and food allergy — is there a causal relationship? Przegl Lek. 2013; 70 (12): 1051– 1055. 28. Braun W.: Contact allergies to polyethylene glycols. Z Haut Geschlechtskr. 1969 Jun; 44 (11): 385– 389. 29. Bajaj A.K., Gupta S.C, Chatterjee A.K., Singh K.G.: Contact sensitivity to polyethylene glycols. Contact Dermatitis. 1990 May; 22 (5): 291–292. doi: 10.1111j.16000536.1990.tb01602.x 30. Özkaya E, Kılıç S.: Polyethylene glycol as marker for nitrofurazone allergy: 20 years of experience from Turkey. Contact Dermatitis. 2018 Mar; 78 (3): 211–215. doi: 10.1111/cod.12931 31. Caballero M.L., Quirce S.: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions Caused by Drug Excipients: A Literature Review. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2020; 30 (6): 400–408. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0562 32. Bruusgaard-Mouritsen M.A., Johansen J.D., Garvey L.H.: Clinical manifestations and impact on daily life of allergy to polyethylene glycol (PEG) in ten patients. Clin Exp Allergy. 2021 Mar; 51 (3): 463– 470. doi: 10.1111/cea.13822

1. Sasson C., Rogers M.A.M., Dahl J., Kellermann Arthur L.: Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010; 3: 63–81. 2. Lott C., et al.: European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021; 161: 152–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.011 3. Lee W.E., Downs M.: Resuscitation by direct massage of the heart in cardiac. Ann Surg. 1924; 80 (4): 555–561. 4. Stephenson H.E. Jr., Reid L.C., Hinton J.W.: Some common denominators in 1200 cases of cardiac arrest. Ann Surg; 1953; 137 (5): 731–774. 5. Briggs B.D., et al.: Cardiac arrest; study of a thirty-year period of operating room deaths at Massachusetts General Hospital, 1925–1954. J Am Med Assoc. 1956; 160 (17): 1439–1444. 6. Jude J.R., et al.: Cardiac arrest. Report of application of external cardiac massage on 118 patients. Jama. 1961; 178: 1063–1070. 7. Pappelbaum S., Lang T.W., Bazika V., Bernstein H., Herrold G., Corday E.: Comparative Hemodynamics during open versus closed cardiac resuscitation. Jama. 1965; 193: 659–662. 8. Weale F.E., Rothwell-Jackson R.L.: The efficiency of cardiac massage. Lancet. 1962; 1 (7237): 990–992. 9. Weiser F.M., Adler L.N., Kuhn L.A.: Hemodynamic effects of closed and open chest cardiac resuscitation in normal dogs and those with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1962; 10: 555–561. 10. Bircher N., Safar P.: Comparison of standard and “new” closed-chest CPR and open-chest CPR in dogs. Crit Care Med.. 1981; 9 (5): 384–385. 11. Barsan W.G., Levy R.C.: Experimental design for study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Ann Emerg Med. 1981; 10 (3): 135–137. 12. Bartlett R.L., Stewart N.J. Jr., Raymond J., Anstadt G.L., Martin S.D.: Comparative study of three methods of resuscitation: closed-chest, open-chest manual, and direct mechanical ventricular assistance. Ann Emerg Med. 1984; 13 (9 Pt 2): 773–777. 13. Sanders A.B., Kern K.B., Ewy G.A., Atlas M., Bailey L.: Improved resuscitation from cardiac arrest with open-chest massage. Ann Emerg Med. 1984; 13 (9 Pt 1): 672–675. 14. White B.C., Hildebrandt J.F., Evans A.T., Aronson L., Indrieri R.J., Hoehner T., Fox L., Huang R., Johns D.: Prolonged cardiac arrest and resuscitation in dogs: brain mitochondrial function with different artificial perfusion methods. Ann Emerg. 1985; May; 14 (5): 383–388. 15. Badylak S.F., Kern K.B., Tacker W.A., Ewy G.A., Janas W., Carter A.: The comparative pathology of open chest vs. mechanical closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Resuscitation. 1986; 13 (4): 249–264. 16. Barnett W.M., Alifimoff J.K., Paris P.M., Stewart R.D., Safar P.: Comparison of open-chest cardiac massage techniques in dogs. Ann Emerg Med. 1986; 15 (4): 408–411. 17. DeBehnke D.J., Angelos M.G, Leasure J.E.: Comparison of standard external CPR, open-chest CPR, and cardiopulmonary bypass in a canine myocardial infarct model. Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Jul; 20 (7): 754–760. 18. Benson D.M., O’Neil B., Kakish E., Erpelding J., Alousi S., Mason R., Piper D., Rafols J.: Open-chest CPR improves survival and neurologic outcome following cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2005; 64: 209– 217. 19. Delguercio L.R., Feins N.R., Cohn J.D., Coomaraswamy R.P., Wollman S.B., State D.: Comparison of blood flow during external and internal cardiac massage in man. Circulation. 1965; 31 (Suppl 1): 171–180. 20. Takino M., Okada Y.: The optimum timing of resuscitative thoracotomy for non-traumatic out-of- hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 1993; 26 (1): 69–74. 21. Boczar M.E., Howard M.A., Rivers E.P., Martin G.B., Horst H.M., Lewandowski C., Tomlanovich M.C., Nowak R.M.: A technique revisited: hemodynamic comparison of closed- and open-chest cardiac massage during human cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar; 23 (3): 498–503. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199503000-00014. PMID: 7874901. 22. Wang M., et al.: Open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. 2019; 27: 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13049-019-0690-7 23. Morgan B.S., Garner J.P.: Emergency thoracotomy — the indications, contraindications and evidence. J R Army Med Corps. 2009 Jun; 155: 87–93. doi: 10.1136/jramc-155-02-02 24. Seamon M.J., Chovanes J., Fox N., Green R., Manis G., Tsiotsias G., Warta M., Ross S.E.: The use of emergency department thoracotomy for traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest. Injury. 2012; 43: 1355– 1361. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.04.011 25. Buckman R.F., Jr., Badellino M.M., Mauro L.H., Aldridge S.C., Milner R.E., Malaspina P.J., Merchant N.B., Buckman R.F.: Direct cardiac massage without major thoracotomy: Feasibility and systemic blood flow. Resuscitation. 1995; 29: 237–248. 26. Bircher N., Safar P.: Manual open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med. 1984 Sep; 13 (9 Pt 2): 770–773. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(84)80432-1 27. Passos E.M., et al.: Social costs of inappropriate emergency department thoracotomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2012; 214: 18–25.

1. Asmussen E., Peutzfeldt A., Heitmann T.: Stiffness, elastic limit, and strength of newer types of endodontic posts. Journal of Dentistry. 1999; 27: 275–278. 2. Bateman G., Ricketts D.N., Saunders W.P.: Fibre-based post systems: a review. Br Dent J. 2003; 195: 43–48. 3. Schwartz R.S., Robbins J.W.: Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod. 2004; 30: 289–301. 4. Skupien A., Sarkis-Onofre R., Cenci S., Morales R., Pereira-Cenci T.: A sys.ematic review of factors associated with the retention of glass fiber posts. Braz Oral Res. 2015; 29: 1–8. 5. Ryniewicz W., Ryniewicz A.M., Bojko Ł.: The effect of a prosthetic crown’s design on the accuracy of mapping an abutment teeth’s shape. Meas. 2016; 91: 620–627. 6. Bitter K., Aschendorff L., Neumann K., Blunck U., Sterzenbach G.: Do chlorhexidine and ethanol improve bond strength and durability of adhesion of fiber posts inside the root canal? Clin Oral Investig. 2014; 18: 927–934. 7. Haragushiku G.A., Back E.D., Tomazinho P.H., Baratto Filho F., Furuse A.Y.: Influence of antimicrobial solutions in the decontamination and adhesion of glass-fiber posts to root canals. J Appl Oral Sci. 2015; 23: 436–441. 8. Stape T.H.S., de Souza Menezes M., Aguiar F.H.B., Quagliatto P.S., Soares C.J., Martins L.R.M.: Long- term effect of chlorhexidine on the dentin microtensile bond strength of conventional and self- adhesive resin cements: A two-year in vitro study. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2014; 50: 228–234. 9. Toman M., Toksavul S., Tamac E., Sarikanat M., Karagozoglu I.: Effect of chlorhexidine on bond strength between glass-fiber post and root canal dentine after six month of water storage. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2014; 22: 29–34. 10. Cecchin D., Farina A.P., Souza M.A., Da Cunha Pereira C.: Effect of root-canal sealer on the bond strength of fiberglass post to root dentin. Acta Odontol Scand. 2011; 69: 95–100. 11. Cecchin D., de Almeida J.F., Gomes B.P., Zaia A.A., Ferraz C.C.: Influence of chlorhexidine and ethanol on the bond strength and durability of the adhesion of the fiber posts to root dentin using a total etching adhesive system. J Endod. 2011; 37: 1310–1315. 12. Cecchin D., Farina A.P., Giacomin M., Vidal C. de M., Carlini-Junior B., Ferraz C.C.: Influence of chlorhexidine application time on the bond strength between fiber posts and dentin. J Endod. 2014; 40: 2045–2048. 13. Cecchin D., Giacomin M., Farina A.P., Bhering C.L., Mesquita M.F., Ferraz C.C.: Effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol on push-out bond strength of fiber posts under cyclic loading. J Adhes Dent. 2014; 16: 87–92. 14. Ekambaram M., Yiu C.K., Matinlinna J.P., Chang J.W., Tay F.R., King N.M.: Effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol-wet bonding with a hydrophobic adhesive to intraradicular dentine. J Dent. 2014; 42: 872–882. 15. Gomes Franca F.M., Vaneli R.C., Conti C. de M., Basting R.T., do Amaral F.L., Turssi C.P.: Effect of Chlorhexidine and Ethanol Application on Long-term Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2015; 16: 547–553. 16. Leitune V.C., Collares F.M., Werner Samuel S.M.: Influence of chlorhexidine application at longitudinal push-out bond strength of fiber posts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010; 110: e77–81. 17. Lindblad R.M., Lassila L.V., Salo V., Vallittu P.K., Tjaderhane L.: Effect of chlorhexidine on initial adhesion of fiber-reinforced post to root canal. J Dent. 2010; 38: 796–801. 18. Kang H.-J., Moon H.-J., Shin D.-H.: Effect of different chlorhexidine application times on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities. Restor Dent Endod. 2012; 37: 9–15. 19. Goracci C., Grandini S., Bossu M., Bertelli E., Ferrari M.: Laboratory assessment of the retentive potential of adhesive posts: a review. J Dent. 2007; 35: 827–835. 20. Baldea B., Furtos G., Antal M., Nagy K., Popescu D., Nica L.: Push-out bond strength and SEM analysis of two self-adhesive resin cements: An in vitro study. J Dental Sci. 2013; 8: 296–305. 21. Bitter K., Hambarayan A., Neumann K., Blunck U., Sterzenbach G.: Various irrigation protocols for final rinse to improve bond strengths of fiber posts inside the root canal. Eur J Oral Sci. 2013; 121: 349–354. 22. Casselli D.S., Borges M.G., Menezes M.S., Faria-e-Silva A.L.: Effect of cementation protocol on push- out bond strength of fiber posts to root canal. Appl Adhes Sci. 2014; 2: 15. 23. Cecchin D., de Almeida J.F., Gomes B.P., Zaia A.A., Ferraz C.C.: Effect of chlorhexidine and ethanol on the durability of the adhesion of the fiber post relined with resin composite to the root canal. J Endod 2011; 37: 678–683. 24. Kim Y.H., Shin D.H.: Effect of chlorhexidine application on the bond strength of resin core to axial dentin in endodontic cavity. Restor Dent Endod. 2012; 37: 207–214. 25. Lima J.F., Lima A.F., Humel M.M., Paulillo L.A., Marchi G.M., Ferraz C.C.: Influence of irrigation protocols on the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with a self-adhesive luting agent 24 hours after endodontic treatment. Gen Dent. 2015; 63: 22–26. 26. Wang L., Pinto T.A., Silva L.M., et al.: Effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on bond strength of a glass-fibre post to root dentine. Int Endod J. 2013; 46: 847–854. 27. de Araujo D.F., Chaves L.P., Bim O. Jr., et al.: Influence of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on bond strength of a glass-fibre post luted with resin or glass-ionomer based cement. J Dent. 2014; 42: 735– 741. 28. Sahinkesen G., Erdemir U., Oktay E.A., Sancakli H.S.: The effect of post surface silanization and luting agents on the push-out bond strengths of adhesively inserted fiber reinforced posts. Int J Adhes Adhes 2011; 31: 265–270. 29. Lindblad R.M., Lassila L.V., Salo V., Vallittu P.K., Tjaderhane L.: One year effect of chlorhexidine on bonding of fibre-reinforced composite root canal post to dentine. J Dent. 2012; 40: 718–722.

1. Hartley A., Ramanathan C., Siddiqui H.: The surgical treatment of Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. Indian J Plast Surg. 2011 Jan; 44 (1): 91–97. 2. Depasquale I., Park A.J., Bracka A.: The treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans. BJU International. 2000; 86 (4): 459–465. 3. Singh I., Ansari M.S.: Extensive Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) involving the anterior urethra and scrotum. Int Urol Nephrol. 2006; 38: 505–506. 4. Hallopeau H.: Leçons cliniques sur les maladies cutanées et syphiliques. Union Med Can. 1887; 43: 472. 5. Depasquale I., Park A.J., Bracka A.: The treatment of Balanitis Xerotica obliterans. BJU Int 2000; 86: 459–465. 6. Catterall R.D., Oates J.K.: Treatment of Balanitis Xerotica obliterans with hydrocortisone injections. Br J Vener Dis. 1962; 38: 75–77. 7. Becker K.: Lichen Sclerosus in Boys. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011; 108 (4): 53–58. 8. Kizer W.S., Prarie T., Morey A.F.: Balanitis xerotica obliterans: Epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system. South Med J. 2003; 96: 9–11. 9. Jayakumar S., Antao B., Bevington O., Furness P., Ninan G.K.: Balanitis Xerotica obliterans in children and its incidence under the age of 5 years. J Ped Urol 2012; 8: 272–275. 10. Bochove-Overgaauw D., Gelders W., De Vyider A.: Rutine biopsies in pediatric circumcision (non) sense? J Pediatr Urol. 2009; 5: 178–180. 11. Pilatz A., Altinkilic B., Schormann E., et al.: Congenital phimosis in patients with and without lichen sclerosus: distinct expression patterns of tissue remodeling associated genes. J Uro. 2013; 189: 268e74. 12. Kizer W.S., Prarie T., Morey A.F.: Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans: epidemiologic distribution in an equal access health care system. South Med J. 2003; 96: 9e11. 13. Ebert A.K., Rösch W.H., Vogt T.: Safety and tolerability of adjuvant topical tacrolimus treatment in boys with lichen sclerosus: a prospective phase 2 study. Eur Urol. 2008; 54: 932e7. 14. Gargollo P., Kozakewich H., Bauer S., et al.: Balanitis Xerotica obliterans in boys. J Urol 2005; 174: 1409e12. 15. Kiss A., Csontai A., Pirot L., Nyirady P., Merksz M., Kiraly L.: The response of Balanitis Xerotica obliterans to local, steroid application compared with placebo in children. J Urol 2001; 165: 219e20. 16. Powell J., Wojnarowska F.: Lichen sclerosus. 1999; 353: 1777e89. 17. Peterson A.C., Palmineteri E., Lazzeri M., Guanzoni G., Barbagli G., Webster G.: Heroic measures may not always be justified in extensive urethral stricture due to lichen sclerosus (Balanitis Xerotica obliterans). J Urol. 2004; 64: 565–568. 18. Dillon W.I., Saeed G.M., Fivenson D.P.: Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions of morphoea, scleroderma or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus inpatients of North America. J Am AcadDermatol. 1995; 33: 617e20. 19. Pugliese J., Morey A., Peterson A.: Lichen sclerosus: review of the literature and current recommendations for management. J Urol. 2007; 178: 2268e76. 20. Meffert J.J., Davis B.M., Grimwood R.E.: Lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995; 32: 393–416. 21. Powell J., Wojnarowska F.: Childhood vuvlvar lichen sclerosus: an increasingly common problem. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001; 44: 803–806. 22. Depasquale I., Park A.J., Singh I., Ansari M.S.: Extensive Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) involving the anterior urethra and scrotum. In Urol Nephrol. 2006; 38: 505–506. 23. Yardiey I.E., Cosgrove C., Lambert A.W.: Pediatric preputial pathology: are we circumcising enough? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2007; 89: 62–65. 24. Edmonds E., Barton G., Buisson S., et al.: Gene expression profiling in male genital lichen sclerosus. Int J ExpPathol. 2011; 92: 320e5. 25. Bale P.M., Lochhead A., Martin H.C., Gollow I.: Balanitis xerotica obliteransin children. Pediatr Pathol. 1987; 7: 617–627. 26. Mattioli G., Repetto P., Carlini C., Granata C., Gambini C., Jasonni V.: Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in children with phimosis and hypospadias. Pediatr Surg Int. 2002; 18: 273e5. 27. Batbagli G., Palminteri E., Balo S., et al.: Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethral stricture diseases. Urol Int. 2004; 73: 1–5. 28. Celis S., Reed F., Murphy F., et al.: Balanitis xerotica obliteransin in children and adolescents: A literature review and clinical series. J Pediatr Urol. 2014; 10: 34–39. 29. Kiss A., Király L., Kutasy B., Merksz M.: High incidence of Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans in boys with phimosis: prospective 10-year study. Ped Dermatol. 2005; 22: 305–308. 30. Bale P.M., Lochhead A., Martin H.C., et al.: BXO in children Pediatr Pathol. 1987; 7: 617; 9. 31. Mohammed A., Shegil I.S., Christou D., Khan A., Barua J.M.: Paediatric Balanitis Xerotica obliterans: an 8-year experience. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2012; 84: 12e6. 32. Vincent M., MacKinnon E.: The response of clinical Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans to the application of topical steroid-based creams. J Pediatr Surg. 2005; 40: 709e12. 33. Holbrook C., Tsang T.: Management of boys with abnormal appearance of meatus at circumcision for BXO. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2011; 93: 482–484. 34. Barbagli G., Palminteri E., Baló S., et al.: Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethral stricture deseases. Urol Int. 2004; 73: 1–5. 35. Pugliese J., Morey A., Peterson A.: Lichen sclerosus: review ofthe literature and current recommendations for management. J Urol. 2007; 178: 2268e76. 36. Nasca M.R., Innocenzi D., Micali G.: Penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999; 41: 911e4. 37. Pietrzak P., Hadway P., Corbishley C., Watkin N.: Is the association between Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans and penile carcinoma underestimated? BJU Int. 2006; 98: 74e6. 38. Prowse D.M., Ktori E.N., Chandrasekaran D., et al.: Human papillomavirus-associated increase in p16-INK4A expression in penile lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol. 2008; 158: 261–265. 39. Neill S.M., Tatnall F.M., Cox N.H.: Guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 147: 640–649. 40. Poindexter G., Morrell D.S.: Anogenital pruritus: lichen sclerosus in children. Pediatr Ann. 2007; 36: 785–791.

1. Naz R., Gul A., Urooj A., Amin S., Fatima Z.: Etiology of acute viral respiratory infections common in Pakistan: A review. Rev Med Virol. 2019; 29 (2): e2024. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2024 2. Somes M.P., Turner R.M., Dwyer L.J., Newall A.T.: Estimating the annual attack rate of seasonal influenza among unvaccinated individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018; 36 (23): 3199–3207. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.063 3. Obando-Pacheco Р., Justicia-Grande J., Rivero-Calle I., et al.: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasonality: A Global Overview. J Infect Dis. 2018; 217 (9): 1356–1364. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy056 4. Shafagati N., Williams J.: Human metapneumovirus ‒ what we know now. 2018; 7: 135. doi: 10.12688/frch.12625.1 5. Ison M.G., Hayden R.T.: Microbiol Spectr. 2016; 4 (4). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec 6. Singh S., Singh N., Ahirwar R., Sagar S.K., Mondal P.R.: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of General Population and University Students Across the World: A Review. Online J Health Allied Scs. 2021; 20 (2): 2. Available at URL: https://www.ojhas.org/issue78/2021-2-2.html 7. Guo Y.R., Cao Q.D., Hong Z.S., et al.: The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak — an update on the status. Mil Med Res. 2020; 7 (1): doi: 10.1186/ s40779-020-00240-0 8. Rota A., Moss W.J., Takeda M., et al.: Measles. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016; 2: 16049. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.49 9. Lambert N., Strebel P., Orenstein W., et al.: Rubella. Lancet. 2015; 385 (9984): 2297–2307. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60539-0 10. Su S.B., Chang H.L., Chen A.K.: Current Status of Mumps Virus Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17 (5): doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051686 11. Podavalenko A.P., Zadorozhna V.I., Petrenko T.Ie, Podavalenko O.V.: Socio-hygienic monitoring in the system of epidemiological surveillance of airborne infections. Ukrainskyi medychnyi chasopys. 2016; 1 (111): 98‒101. 12. Buchan A., Hottes T.S., Rosella L.C., et al.: Contribution of influenza viruses to medically attended acute respiratory illnesses in children in high-income countries: a meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016; 10 (6): 444–454. doi: 10.1111/irv.12400 13. Nair H., BrooksA., Katz M., et al.: Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011; 378 (9807): 1917–1930. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61051-9 14. Principi N., Esposito S.: Severe influenza in children: incidence and risk factors. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016; 14 (10): 961–968. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1227701 15. Malysh N.G., Matsiuk M.V., Senchenko A.V.: Modern features of the epidemic process of viral infections with aerosol transmission in Sumy oblast. Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal. 2021; 9 (1): 115–123. 16. Lapić I., Rogić D., Šegulja D., Kralik Oguić S., Knežević J.: The reliability of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing — a pilot study in asymptomatic health care workers in a Croatian university hospital. Croat Med 2020; 61: 485–490. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.485 17. Moss W.J.: Lancet. 2017; 390 (10111): 2490–2502. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)3 18. Javelle E., Colson P., Parola P., Raoult D.: Measles, the need for a paradigm shift. Eur J Epidemiol. 2019; 34 (10): 897–915. doi: 10.1007/s10654-019-00569-4 19. Metz J.A., Finn A.: Influenza and humidity — Why a bit more damp may be good for you! J Infect. 2015; 71 (1): S54–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.04.013 20. Kostinov M.P., Shmitko A.D., Bocharova I.I., et al.: The level of IgG antibodies to the measles virus in the umbilical cord blood of newborns, taking into account the age of the mothers. Epidemiologiya i infektsionnyie bolezni. 2014; 3: 30–34. 21. Tyor W., Harrison T.: Mumps and rubella. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 123: 591–600. 22. Bankamp B., Hickman C., Icenogle J.P., Rota P.A.: Successes and challenges for preventing measles, mumps and rubella by vaccination. Curr Opin Virol. 2019; 34: 110–116. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.01.002 23. Lewnard A., Grad Y.H.: Vaccine waning and mumps re-emergence in the United States. Sci Transl Med. 2018; 10 (433): eaаo5945. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.аao5945 24. Marlow A., Marin M., Moore K., Patel M.: CDC guidance for use of a third dose of MMR vaccine during outbreaks. J. Public Health Manag Pract. 2020; 26: 109–115. 25. Rubin S., Eckhaus M., Rennick L.J., Connor B.G.G., Duprex W.P.: Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus. J Pathol. 2015; 235 (2): 242–252. doi: 10.1002/path.4445 26. Lambert N., Strebel, Orenstein W., et al.: Rubella. Lancet. 2015; 385 (9984): 2297–2307. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(14)60539-0 27. Williams G.A., Bacci S., Shadwick R., et al.: Measles among migrants in the European Union and the European Economic Area. Scand J Public Health. 2016; 44 (1): 6–13. doi: 10.1177/1403494815610182

1. Corneille M.G., Gallup T.M., Villa C., et al.: Pediatric vascular injuries: acute management and early outcomes. J Trauma. 2011; 70: 823–828. 2. Allison N.D., Anderson C.M., Shah S.K., et al.: Outcomes of truncal vascular injuries in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2009; 44: 1958–1964. 3. Mommsen P., Zeckey C., Hildebrand F., et al.: Traumatic extremity arterial injury in children: epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment and prognostic value of Mangled Extremity Severity Score. J Orthop Surg Res. 2010; 5: 25. 4. Sarfati M.R., Galt S.W., Treiman G.S., Kraiss L.W.: Common femoral artery injury secondary to bicycle handlebar trauma. J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35: 589–591. 5. Conrad M.F., Patton J.H. Jr., Parikshak M., Kralovich K.A.: Evaluation of vascular injury in penetrating extremity trauma: angiographers stay home. Am Surg. 2002; 68: 269–274. 6. Harris L.M., Hordines J.: Major vascular injuries in the pediatric population. Ann Vasc Surg. 2003; 17: 266–269. 7. Hossny A.: Blunt popliteal artery injury with complete lower limb ischemia: is routine use of temporary intraluminal arterial shunt justified? J Vasc Surg. 2004; 40: 61–66. 8. Milas Z.L., Dodson T.F., Ricketts R.R.: Pediatric blunt trauma resulting in major arterial injuries. Am Surg. 2004; 70: 443–447.