Search for: [Keywords = "interfaces"]

Elastic Wave Behaviour in 2-D Acoustic Interface Superlattices of an Altered Phase

Archives of Acoustics | 2011 | vol. 36 | No 3 | 603-611 | DOI: 10.2478/v10168-011-0042-8

Keywords acoustic antennas elastic layers interfaces

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to outline a systematic and unified non-local treatment of mode conversion effects associated with an interface superlattice being a 2D pseudo-array composed of altered phase inclusions (exemplified by impurity clusters) and located at a solid-solid plane interface. It will be illustrated, in some detail, for the instructive case of a Stoneley type acoustic wave (SW), incident on a periodically nonhomogeneous portion of an interface and partly transformed into bulk modes propagating in one of the component solid. An analytical model scheme is constructed, using a variational method combined with the T matrix approach, appropriate for the 2D periodic array treated, and decaying into the depth of this solid for the structure in a way determined by the array geometry and element 3D profiles as well as the boundary conditions at the interface. An apodization (weighting) to reduce the side-lobes level is incorporated into the structure by appropriately varying lateral dimensions and the depth of particular scatterers.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Kapelewski

Bogdan Lila

Wettability and interface considerations in advanced heat-resistant Ni-base composites

R. Asthana S.T. Mileiko N. Sobczak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2006 | vol. 54 | No 2 | 147-166

Keywords Ni-base composites Wettability interfaces interfacial strength

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Oxide fiber-reinforced Ni-base composites have long been considered as attractive heat-resistant materials. After several decades of active research, however, interest in these materials began to decline around mid-1990’s due chiefly to 1) a lack of manufacturing technology to grow inexpensive single-crystal oxide fibers to be used in structural composites, and 2) fiber strength loss during processing due to chemical interactions with reactive solutes in the matrix. The cost disadvantage has been mitigated to a large extent by the development of innovative fiber fabrication processes such as the Internal Crystallization Method (ICM) that produces monocrystalline oxide fibers in a cost-effective manner. Fiber strength loss has been an equally restrictive issue but recent work has shown that it may be possible to design creep-resistant composites even when fiber surface reconstruction from chemical interactions has degraded the strength of extracted fibers tested outside the matrix. The key issue is the optimization of the composite- and interface structure. Reaction-formed defects may be healed by the matrix (or a suitable coating material) so that the fiber residing in the matrix may exhibit diminished sensitivity to flaws as compared to fibers extracted from the matrix and tested in isolation of the matrix. Generally, the Ni-base/Al2O3 composites exhibit acceptable levels of wettability and interface strength (further improved with the aid of reactive solutes), which are required for elevated-temperature creep-resistance. In order to harness the full potential of these composites, the quality of the interface as manifested in the fiber/matrix wettability, interface composition, interphase morphology, and interface strength must be designed. We identify key issues related to the measurement of contact angle, interface strength, and chemical and structural properties at the fiber/matrix interface in the Ni/alumina composites, and present the current state-ofthe-art in understanding and designing the Ni/alumina interface. There should be no doubt that optimization of the interface- and composite microstructure through judicious control of the fabrication process and surface modification shall yield technologically promising Ni-base/oxide fiber composites.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R. Asthana

S.T. Mileiko

N. Sobczak

Discrete-continuum transition at interfaces of nanocomposites

R. Pyrz B. Bochenek

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2007 | vol. 55 | No 2 | 251-260

Keywords nanocomposites atomic strain interfaces carbon nanotubes

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A number of micromechanical investigations have been performed to predict behaviour of composite interfaces, showing that the detailed behaviour of the material at these interfaces frequently dominates the behaviour of the composite as a whole. The interfacial interaction is an extremely complex process due to continuous evolution of interfacial zones during deformation and this is particularly true for carbon nanotubes since the interfacial interaction is confined to the discrete molecular level. The atomic strain concept based upon Voronoi tessellation allows analyzing the molecular structure atom by atom, which may give a unique insight into deformation phenomena operative at molecular level such as interface behaviour in nanocomposites.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R. Pyrz

B. Bochenek

Media Up Close

Piotr Celiński

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 3 (79) Progress | 12-14 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.147456

Keywords media interfaces communication

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The tale of human progress is also a story of advancements in media technologies. But should we necessarily greet the changes now on the horizon with optimism?

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Celiński

1

Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin

Neuroboundaries

Piotr Durka Krystian Dereziński

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 2 (70) Boundaries | 34-37 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.139446

Keywords brain brain-computer interface exoskeleton neural prostheses

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Brain research is enabling us to stretch the very limits of human cognition. However, exploring the mysteries of the brain has limits of its own, many of which we are still struggling to overcome.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Durka

1

Krystian Dereziński

2

Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw
Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Agent-based approach to the design of a multimodal interface for cyber-security event visualisation control

W. Kasprzak W. Szynkiewicz M. Stefańczyk W. Dudek M. Węgierek D. Seredyński M. Figat C. Zieliński

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2020 | 68 | No. 5 (i.a. Special Section on Modern control of drives and power converters) | 1187-1205 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.134662

Keywords multimodal interface cyber security visualisation embodied agent

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Convenient human-computer interaction is essential to carry out many exhausting and concentration-demanding activities. One of them is cyber-situational awareness as well as dynamic and static risk analysis. A specific design method for a multimodal human-computer interface (HCI) for cyber-security events visualisation control is presented. The main role of the interface is to support security analysts and network operators in their monitoring activities. The proposed method of designing HCIs is adapted from the methodology of robot control system design. Both kinds of systems act by acquiring information from the environment, and utilise it to drive the devices influencing the environment. In the case of robots the environment is purely physical, while in the case of HCIs it encompasses both the physical ambience and part of the cyber-space. The goal of the designed system is to efficiently support a human operator in the presentation of cyberspace events such as incidents or cyber-attacks. Especially manipulation of graphical information is necessary. As monitoring is a continuous and tiring activity, control of how the data is presented should be exerted in as natural and convenient way as possible. Hence two main visualisation control modalities have been assumed for testing: static and dynamic gesture commands and voice commands, treated as supplementary to the standard interaction. The presented multimodal interface is a component of the Operational Centre, which is a part of the National Cybersecurity Platform. Creation of the interface out of embodied agents proved to be very useful in the specification phase and facilitated the interface implementation.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

W. Kasprzak

W. Szynkiewicz

M. Stefańczyk

W. Dudek

M. Węgierek

D. Seredyński

M. Figat

C. Zieliński

Monitoring the Evolution of Redox Changes in Sediments made Possible by Electrochemical Multilayer Probes

R. Popa I.C. Moga K.H. Nealson V.M. Cimpoiasu

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1037-1041 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139699

Keywords sensor sediments SPEAR multielectrode redox interface

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Marine sediments with rapid oxic/anoxic transitions are difficult to monitor in real time. Organic overload that may lead to anoxia and buildup of hydrogen sulfide can be caused by a variety of factors such as sewage spills, harbor water stagnation, algal blooms and the vicinity of aquaculture operations. We have tested a novel multiprobe technology (named SPEAR) on marine sediments to evaluate its performance in monitoring sediments and overlaying water. Our results show the ability of the SPEAR probes to distinguish electrochemical changes at 2-3 mm scale and at hourly cycles. SPEAR probes have the ability to identify redox interfaces and redox transition zones in sediments, but do not use micromanipulators (which are cumbersome in field and underwater applications). We propose that the best target habitats for SPEAR-type monitoring are rapidly evolving muddy deposits and sediments near aquaculture operations where pollution with organics stresses the ecosystem.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R. Popa

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

I.C. Moga

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K.H. Nealson

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

V.M. Cimpoiasu

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

DFR Systems SRL, R&D Department, Bucharest, Romania
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
University of Craiova, Biology and Environmental Engineering Department, Frontier Biology and Astrobiology Research Center, Craiova, 200585, Romania

An Interactive Graphical User Interface Module for Soldier Health and Position Tracking System

Wesam F. Swedan Huthifa A. Al_Issa Ayat Aloqoul Hadeel Alkofahi Rahaf Obeidat

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 571-575 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141276

Keywords graphical user interface Global Positioning System global system for mobile bioinformatics tracking system

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Soldiers are the backbone of any armed force. They usually lose their lives due to the lack of medical assistance in emergency situations. Furthermore, army bases face problems due to the inability to track soldiers’ locations in the field. Hence, this paper proposes an interactive graphical user interface module (IGUIM) for soldiers’ bioinformatics acquisition and emergency reaction during combat, a global positioning system (GPS) is used to track soldiers’ locations through a device carried by the soldier. Soldiers’ bioinformatics are gathered using health monitoring biosensors, bidirectional communication between the soldiers and the army base is established via a global system for mobile (GSM). The proposed interactive module aims to enumerate the soldiers on the battlefield within a database that easily facilitates health monitoring, position tracking and bidirectional communication with each soldier through their identification number. The proposed IGUIM will increase the rate of soldiers’ survival in emergencies, which contributes to preserving the human resources of the army during combat.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Wesam F. Swedan

1

Huthifa A. Al_Issa

1

Ayat Aloqoul

1

Hadeel Alkofahi

1

Rahaf Obeidat

1

Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Huson University College, Al Balqa Applied University, Jordan

Constraints of the MAX4781 CMOS Solution for Electrode Switching in Multilayer Electrochemical Probes

V.M. Cimpoiasu F. Radulescu K.H. Nealson I.C. Moga R. Popa

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 691-694 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137807

Keywords sensor SPEAR multielectrode redox interface sediments electrochemical gradients

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The most common means to analyze redox gradients in sediments is by push/pulling electrochemical probes through sediment’ strata while repeating measurements. Yet, as electrodes move up and down they disrupt the texture of the sediment layers thus biasing subsequent measurements. This makes it difficult to obtain reproducible measurements or to study the evolution of electrochemical gradients. One solution for solving this problem is to eliminate actuators and electrode movements altogether, while instead deploying probes with numerous electrodes positioned at various depths in the sediment. This mode of operation requires electrode switching. We discuss an electrode-switching solution for multi-electrode probes, based on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) multiplexors. In this solution, electrodes can be individually activated in any order, sequence or time frame through digital software commands. We discuss constraints of CMOS-based multilayer electrochemical probes during cyclic voltammetry.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

V.M. Cimpoiasu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

F. Radulescu

2

K.H. Nealson

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

I.C. Moga

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

R. Popa

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Craiova, Frontier Biology and Astrobiology Research Center, Biology and Environmental Engineering Department, Craiova, 200585, Romania
Portland, OR, 97229
University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, 3616, Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
DFR Systems SRL, R&D Department, Bucharest, Romania

Interface Diffusion Behavior of Co40Al-X (X = Ni, Cr, Ti) System by Diffusion Multiple

Hang Shang Qiuzhi Gao Yujiao Jiang Qingshuang Ma Huijun Li Hailian Zhang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 275-286 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141504

Keywords Co-Al-X system diffusion multiple interface diffusion mechanical properties

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Diffusion multiple method was applied to investigate the alloying elements distribution and interface diffusion reactions in Co-Al-X system, in order to accelerate the alloy development. The diffusion regions of Co-Al-X system at 1173 K were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nanoindentation. SEM images show that phases of Co-Al-Ni diffusion interface consisted of β-CoAl + γ _Co, γ _Co, γ + γ'-(Co, Ni)3Al and γ _Ni, while Co-Al-Cr diffusion interface is shaped with δ + γ + β, γ and σ region. TiNiX diffusion layer with high Ni-content was formed in Co-Al-Ti diffusion interface. The diffusion layers during diffusion multiple play an important role in mechanical properties in these alloying systems. The γ + γ' diffusion layer in Co-Al-Ni diffusion interface presented the best comprehensive performance, while the highest hardness (17.48 GPa) was confirmed in Co-Al-Cr diffusion interface due to a large number of brittle phases. Darken method was applied to determine the interdiffusion coefficients of alloying elements in pseudo-binary phase, accordingly the diffusion capacities of alloying elements can be ordered as Al > Ni > Cr in Co-based alloys.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Hang Shang

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Qiuzhi Gao

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yujiao Jiang

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Qingshuang Ma

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Huijun Li

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hailian Zhang

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, School of Resources and Materials, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
Northeastern University, Shenyang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 110819, China
Tianjin University, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin, 300354, China
Daotian High Technology Co., Ltd., Qinhuangdao, 066004, China

Consecutive Casting of Iron Bimetal with Low-Carbon Steel Interface Plate

W. Purwadi B. Bandanadjaja D. Idamayanti N. Lilansa

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2020 | vol. 20 | No 1 | 95-104 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.131289

Keywords Consecutive casting Bimetal White cast iron Interface plate Casting temperature

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Consecutive casting of bimetallic applies consecutive sequences of pouring of two materials into a sand mold. The outer ring is made of NiHard1, whereas the inner ring is made of nodular cast iron. To enable a consecutive sequence of pouring, an interface plate made of low carbon steel was inserted into the mold and separated the two cavities. After pouring the inner material at the predetermined temperature and the interface had reached the desired temperature, the NiHard1 liquid was then poured immediately into the mold. This study determines the pouring temperature of nodular cast iron and the temperature of the interface plate at which the pouring of white cast iron into the mold should be done. Flushing the interface plate for 2 seconds by flowing nodular cast iron liquid as inner material generated a diffusion bonding between the inner ring and interface plate at pouring temperatures of 1350 °C, 1380 °C, and 1410 °C. The interface was heated up to a maximum temperature of 1242 °C, 1260 °C, and 1280 °C respectively. The subsequent pouring of white cast iron into the mold to form the outer ring at the interface temperature of 1000 °C did not produce a sufficient diffusion bonding. Pouring the outer ring at the temperature of 1430°C and at the interface plate temperature of 1125 °C produced a sufficient diffusion bonding. The presence of Fe3O2 oxide on the outer surface of the interface material immediately after the interface was heated above 900 ⁰C has been identified. Good metallurgical bonding was achieved by pouring the inner ring at the temperature of 1380°C, interface temperature of 1125 °C and then followed by pouring of the outer ring at 1430⁰C and flushing time of 7 seconds.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

W. Purwadi

B. Bandanadjaja

D. Idamayanti

N. Lilansa

Influence of the Interface of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites on the Mechanical Properties – a Review

Rong Li Zhilin Pan Qi. Zeng Xiaoli Ye

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 1 | 23-36 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140213

Keywords aluminum matrix composites carbon nanotubes bonding interface mechanical properties

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a good reinforcement for metal matrix composite materials; they can significantly improve the mechanical, wear-resistant, and heat-resistant properties of the materials. Due to the differences in the atomic structure and surface energy between CNTs and aluminum-based materials, the bonding interface effect that occurs when nanoscale CNTs are added to the aluminum alloy system as a reinforcement becomes more pronounced, and the bonding interface is important for the material mechanical performance. Firstly, a comparative analysis of the interface connection methods of four CNT-reinforced aluminum matrix composites is provided, and the combination mechanisms of various interface connection methods are explained. Secondly, the influence of several factors, including the preparation method and process as well as the state of the material, on the material bonding interface during the composite preparation process is analyzed. Furthermore, it is explained how the state of the bonding interface can be optimized by adopting appropriate technical and technological means. Through the study of the interface of CNT-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, the influence of the interface on the overall performance of the composite material is determined, which provides directions and ideas for the preparation of future high-performance CNT-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials.

Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Shao, H.Q. & Li, Q. J. (2020). Effect of stirring casting process parameters on properties of aluminum matrix composites for mechanical shield. Hot Working Technology. 23, 67-69+75.
[2] Krishna, A.R., Arun, A., Unnikrishnan, D. & Shankar. K.V. (2018). An investigation on the mechanical and tribological properties of alloy A356 on the addition of WC. Materials Today: Proceedings. 5(5), 12349-12355. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.213.
[3] Joseph, J., Pillai, B.S., Jayanandan, J., Jayagopan, J., Nivedh, S., Balaji, U.S.S. & Shankar, K.V. (2021). Mechanical behaviour of age hardened A356/TiC metal matrix composite. Materials Today: Proceedings. 38, 2127-2132. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.013.
[4] Kumar, V.A., Kumar, V.V.V., Menon, G.S., Bimaldev, S., Sankar, M., Shankar, K.V. & Balachandran, M. (2020). Analyzing the effect of B4C/Al2O3 on the wear behavior of Al-6.6Si-0.4Mg alloy using response surface methodology. International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science. 8(2). 66-79. DOI: 10.4018/ijseims.2020070105.
[5] Anilkumar, V., Shankar, K.V., Balachandran, M., Joseph, J., Nived, S., Jayanandan, J., Jayagopan, J. & Surya Balaji, U.S. (2021). Impact of heat treatment analysis on the wear behaviour of Al-14.2Si-0.3Mg-TiC composite using response surface methodology. Tribology in industry. 43(3), 590-602. DOI: 10.24874/ti.988.10.20.04.
[6] Zhao, S., Liu, Z., &.Zhang, X. B. (2006). Technical process and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Foundry Technology. 2, 135-138.
[7] Nam, D.H., Cha, S.I., Lim, B.K,, Park, H.M., Han, D.S. & Hong, S.H. (2012). Synergistic strengthening by load transfer mechanism and grain refinement of CNT/Al–Cu composites. Carbon. 50(7), 2417-2423. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon. 2012.01.058.
[8] Sun, Y.G., Liu, P., Chen, X.H., Liu, X.K., Li, W., Ma, F.C. & He, D,H. (2012). Present situation of carbon nano-tube reinforced aluminum composite. Material & Heat Treatment. 41(24), 137-139+144.
[9] Bakshi, S.R. & Agarwal, A. (2011). An analysis of the factors affecting strengthening in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composites. Carbon. 49(2), 533-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.054.
[10] Nai, M.H., Wei, J. & Gupta, M. (2014). Interface tailoring to enhance mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced magnesium composites. Materials & Design. 60, 490-495. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.011.
[11] Fan, T.X., Liu, Y., Yang, K.M., Song, J. & Zhang, D. (2019). Research progress on the optimization of the interface structure of carbon/metal composites and the interface mechanism. Acta Metall Sinica. 55(1), 16-32.
[12] Cao, L., Chen, B., Guo, B.S. & Li, J.S. (2021). A review of carbon nanotube dispersion methods in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composites manufacturing process. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 13(3), 9-24. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2021.03.002.
[13] Chen, B., Li, S., Imai, H., Jia, L., Umeda, J., Takahashi, M. & Kondoh, K. (2015). Load transfer strengthening in carbon nanotubes reinforced metal matrix composites via in-situ tensile tests. Composites Science and Technology. 113, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.03.009.
[14] Pérez-Bustamante, R., Pérez-Bustamante, F., Estrada-Guel, I., Licea-Jiménez, L., Miki-Yoshida, M. & Martínez-Sánchez, R. (2013). Effect of milling time and CNT concentration on hardness of CNT/Al2024 composites produced by mechanical alloying. Materials Characterization. 75, 13-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2012.09.005.
[15] Shi, G. (2012). The study of coated carbon nanotube and reinforced magnesium matrix composites. Lanzhou University of Technolofy, Lanzhou, China.
[16] Aravind Senan, V.R., Anandakrishnan, G., Rahul, S.R., Reghunath, N. & Shankar, K.V. (2020). An investigation on the impact of SiC/B4C on the mechanical properties of Al-6.6Si-0.4Mg alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings. 26, 649-653. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.359.
[17] Rohith, K.P., Sajay Rajan, E., Harilal, H., Jose, K. & Shankar, K.V. (2018).Study and comparison of A356-WC composite and A356 alloy for an off-road vehicle chassis. Materials Today: Proceedings. 5(11), 25649-25656. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.11.006.
[18] Jiang, L., Wen, H., Yang, H., Hu, T., Topping, T., Zhang, D., Lavernia, E.J. & Schoenung, J.M. (2015). Influence of length-scales on spatial distribution and interfacial characteristics of B4C in a nanostructured Al matrix. Acta Materialia. 89, 327-343. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.062.
[19] Aravind Senan, V.R., Akshay, M.C., & Shankar, K.V. (2019). Determination on the effect of Al2O3 / B4B on the mechanical behaviour of al-6.6si-0.5mg alloy cast in permanent mould. Materials Science Forum. 969, 398-403. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.969.398.
[20] Truong. H.T.X., Lagoudas, D,C., Ochoa, O.O. & Lafdi, K. (2013). Fracture toughness of fiber metal laminates: Carbon nanotube modified Ti–polymer–matrix composite interface. Journal of Composite Materials. 48(22), 2697-2710. DOI: 10.1177/0021998313501923.
[21] Trinh, P,V., Luan, N.V., Phuong, D.D., Minh. P. N., Weibel, A., Mesguich, D. & Laurent, C. (2018) Microstructure, microhardness and thermal expansion of CNT/Al composites prepared by flake powder metallurgy. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 105, 126-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.11.022.
[22] Laha, T., Chen, Y., Lahiri, D. & Agarwal, A. (2009). Tensile properties of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum nanocomposite fabricated by plasma spray forming. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 40(5), 589-594. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.007.
[23] Bakshi, S.R., Singh, V., Seal, S. & Agarwal, A. (2009). Aluminum composite reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes from plasma spraying of spray dried powders. Surface and Coatings Technology. 203(10-11), 1544-1554. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.12.004.
[24] Liu, Z.Y., Xiao, B.L., Wang, W.G. & Ma, Z.Y. (2013). Developing high-performance aluminum matrix composites with directionally aligned carbon nanotubes by combining friction stir processing and subsequent rolling. Carbon. 62, 35-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.05.049.
[25] Yang, X., Liu, E., Shi, C., He, C., Li, J., Zhao, N. & Kondoh, K. (2013). Fabrication of carbon nanotube reinforced Al composites with well-balanced strength and ductility. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 563, 216-220. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.02.066.
[26] Gao, M., Gao, P., Wang, Y., Lei, T. & Ouyang. C. (2020). Study on metallurgically prepared copper-coated carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Metals and Materials International. 12. DOI: 10.1007/s12540-020-00897-1.
[27] Li, S., Su, Y., Zhu, X., Jin, H., Ouyang, Q. & Zhang, D. (2016). Enhanced mechanical behavior and fabrication of silicon carbide particles covered by in-situ carbon nanotube reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites. Materials & Design. 107, 130-138. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.021.
[28] Mansoor, M., Khan, S., Ali, A. & Ghauri, K.M. (2019). Fabrication of aluminum-carbon nanotube nano-composite using aluminum-coated carbon nanotube precursor. Journal of Composite Materials. 53(28-30), 4055-4064. DOI: 10.1177/0021998319853341.
[29] Kucukyildirim, B.O. & Eker, A.A. (2012). Fabrication and mechanical properties of CNT/6063Al composites prepared by vacuum assisted infiltration technique using CNT-Al preforms. Advanced Composites Letters. 133(1), 125-130.
[30] Kang, K., Bae, G., Kim, B. & Lee, C. (2012). Thermally activated reactions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum matrix composite during the thermal spray consolidation. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 133(1), 495-499. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.01.071.
[31] Isaza, M.C.A., Ledezma Sillas, J.E., Meza, J.M. & Herrera Ramírez, J.M. (2016). Mechanical properties and interfacial phenomena in aluminum reinforced with carbon nanotubes manufactured by the sandwich technique. Journal of Composite Materials. 51(11), 1619-1629. DOI: 10.1177/0021998316658784.
[32] Kurita, H., Estili, M., Kwon, H., Miyazaki, T., Zhou, W., Silvain, J-F. & Kawasaki, A. (2015). Load-bearing contribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on tensile response of aluminum. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 68, 133-139. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.09.014.
[33] Shin, S.E. & Bae, D.H. (2013). Strengthening behavior of chopped multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Materials Characterization. 83, 170-177. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2013.05.018.
[34] Zhou, W., Bang, S., Kurita, H., Miyazaki, T., Fan, Y. & Kawasaki, A. (2016). Interface and interfacial reactions in multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Carbon. 96, 919-928. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.016.
[35] Liu, Z.Y., Xiao, B.L., Wang, W.G. & Ma, Z.Y. (2012). Singly dispersed carbon nanotube/aluminum composites fabricated by powder metallurgy combined with friction stir processing. Carbon. 50(5), 1843-1852. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.12.034.
[36] Li, Z.W., Lin, R.B., Hu, L., Yu, Z.Y., Yan, L.P., Tan, Z.Q., Fan, G.L., Li, Z.Q. & Zhang, D. (2017). CNTs/Al interfacial reaction degree and the relationship with mechanical performance of composite. Materials For Mechanical Engineering. 41(11), 19-22+28. DOI: 10.11973/jxgcc1201711003.
[37] Zhang, X.X., Wei, H.M., Li, A.B., Fu, Y.D. & Geng, L. (2013). Effect of hot extrusion and heat treatment on CNTs–Al interfacial bond strength in hybrid aluminium composites. Composite Interfaces. 20(4), 231-239. DOI: 10.1080/15685543.2013.793093.
[38] Wu, G. H., Jiang, L.T., Chen, G.Q. & Zhang, Q. (2012). Research progress on the control of interfacial reactions in metal matrix composites. Materials China. 31(7), 51-58. DOI: CNKI:SUN:XJKB.0.2012-07-009.
[39] Chen, B., Shen, J., Ye, X., Imai, H., Umeda, J., Takahashi, M. & Kondoh, K. (2017). Solid-state interfacial reaction and load transfer efficiency in carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Carbon. 114, 198-208. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.12.013.
[40] Ci, L., Ryu, Z., Jin-Phillipp, N.Y. & Rühle, M. (2006). Investigation of the interfacial reaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminum. Acta Materialia. 54(20), 5367-5375. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.031.
[41] Jiang, L., Li, Z., Fan, G., Cao, L. & Zhang, D. (2012). Strong and ductile carbon nanotube/aluminum bulk nanolaminated composites with two-dimensional alignment of carbon nanotubes. Scripta Materialia. 66(6), 331-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.11.023.
[42] Xu, S.J., Xiao, B.L., Liu, Z.Y., Wang, W.G. & Ma, Z.Y. (2012). Micorstrures and mechanical properties of CNT/Al conposites fabricated by high energy ball-milling method. Acta Metallurgica Sinica. 48(7), 882-888. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2012.00140.
[43] Raviathul Basariya, M., Srivastava, V.C. & Mukhopadhyay, N.K. (2014). Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum alloy composites produced by ball milling. Materials & Design. 64, 542-549. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.08.019.
[44] Yoo, S.J., Han, S.H. & Kim, W.J. (2013). Strength and strain hardening of aluminum matrix composites with randomly dispersed nanometer-length fragmented carbon nanotubes. Scripta Materialia. 68(9), 711-714. DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.01.013.
[45] Le, G., Cai, X.L., Wang, K.J., Wang, X.F., Sun, H.P. & Chen, Y,G. (2013). Experimental study on interfacial reaction of CNTs/Al matrix composites. Mining And Metallurgical Engineering. 33(1), 109-112. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2013.01.027.
[46] Majid, M., Majzoobi, G.H., Noozad, G.A., Reihani, A., Mortazavi, S.Z. & Gorji, M.S. (2012). Fabrication and mechanical properties of MWCNTs-reinforced aluminum composites by hot extrusion. Rare Metals. 31(4), 372-378. DOI: 10.1007/s12598-012-0523-6.
[47] Zhu, X., Zhao, Y.G., Wu, M., Wang, H.Y. & Jiang, Q.C. (2016), Effect of initial aluminum alloy particle size on the damage of carbon nanotubes during ball milling. Materials (Basel). 9(3), 173. DOI: 10.3390/ma9030173.
[48] Ji, W., Wang, W.J., Meng, F.D., Huang, J.J., Wu, Z.Q., He, W. & Wu, H. (2021), Study on interfacial bonding of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes with potassium fluoroaluminate. Hot Working Technology. 50(6), 71-74. DOI: 10.14158/j.cnki.1001-3814.20193526.
[49] Esawi, A.M.K., Morsi, K., Sayed, A., Taher, M. & Lanka, S. (2010). Effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) content on the mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced aluminium composites. Composites Science and Technology. 70(16), 2237-2241. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.05.004.
[50] Peng, T. & Chang, I. (2014). Mechanical alloying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum composite powder. Powder Technology. 266, 7-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.068.
[51] Kwon, H., Saarna, M., Yoon, S., Weidenkaff, A. & Leparoux, M. (2014). Effect of milling time on dual-nanoparticulate-reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composite materials. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 590, 338-345. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.046.
[52] Tang, J.J, Li, C.J. & Zhu, X.K. (2012). Progress of the current interface research on carbon nanotubes reinforced Aluminum-matrix composites. Materials Review. 26(11), 149-152. DOI: CNKI:SUN:CLDB.0.2012-11-033.
[53] Li, J.R., Jiang, X.S., Liu, W.X., Li, X. & Zhu, D.G. (2015). Research progress of the interface characteristic and strengthening mechanism in carbon nanotube reinforced Aluminum matrix composites. Materials Review. 29(1), 31-35+42. DOI: 10.11896/j.issn.1005-023X.2015.01.005.
[54] So, K.P., Lee, I.H., Duong, D.L., Kim, T.H., Lim, S.C., An, K.H. & Lee, Y.H. (2011). Improving the wettability of aluminum on carbon nanotubes. Acta Materialia. 59(9), 3313-3320. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.01.061.
[55] Zeng, M.Q. & Ou Yang, L. Z. (2002). Progress in research on interface of composite material. China Foundy Machinery & Technoligy. 6, 23-26. DOI: CNKI:SUN:ZZSB.0.2002-06-008.
[56] Jiang, L., Fan, G., Li, Z., Kai, X., Zhang, D., Chen, Z., Humphries, S., Heness, G. & Yeung, W.Y. (2011). An approach to the uniform dispersion of a high volume fraction of carbon nanotubes in aluminum powder. Carbon. 49(6), 1965-1971. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.01.021.
[57] Huang, Y., Ouyang, Q., Zhang, D., Zhu, J., Li, R. & Yu, H. (2014). Carbon materials reinforced aluminum composites: a review. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters). 27(5), 775-786. DOI: 10.1007/s40195-014-0160-1.
[58] So, K.P., Biswas, C., Lim, S.C., An, K.H. & Lee, Y.H. (2011). Electroplating formation of Al–C covalent bonds on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Synthetic Metals. 161(3-4), 208-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.10.023.
[59] Arai, S., Suzuki, Y., Nakagawa, J., Yamamoto, T. & Endo, M. (2012). Fabrication of metal coated carbon nanotubes by electroless deposition for improved wettability with molten aluminum. Surface and Coatings Technology. 212, 207-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.09.051.
[60] Jagannatham, M., Sankaran, S. & Haridoss, P. (2015). Microstructure and mechanical behavior of copper coated multiwall carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 638, 197-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.04.070.
[61] So, K.P., Jeong, J.C., Park, J.G., Park, H.K., Choi, Y.H., Noh, D.H., Keum, D.H., Jeong, H.Y., Biswas, C., Hong, C.H. & Lee, Y,H. (2013). SiC formation on carbon nanotube surface for improving wettability with aluminum. Composites Science and Technology. 74, 6-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.09.014.
[62] Wang, H. & Zhu, Y.L. (2019). Pretreatment and copper plating of carbon nanotubes by electroless deposition. Surface Technology. 48(11), 211-218. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2019.11.022.
[63] Lahiri, D., Bakshi, S.R., Keshri, A.K., Liu, Y. & Agarwal. A. (2009). Dual strengthening mechanisms induced by carbon nanotubes in roll bonded aluminum composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 523(1-2), 263-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.006.
[64] Liu, B., Deng, F.M. & Qu, J.X. (2003). Design and research of carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum matrix composite. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering. 6, 54-57+69. DOI: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.2003.06.016.
[65] Zheng, Q.W. & Fan, T.X. (2022). Experimental and simulation methods on liquid/solid interface wettability considering crystal surfaces. Materials Reports. 9, 1-23.
[66] Han, X.D., Li, Z.Q., Fan, G.L., Jiang, L. & Zhang, D. (2012). Progress in fabrication technique of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al matrix composites. Materials Reports. 26(21), 40-46.DOI: CNKI:SUN:CLDB.0.2012-21-010.
[67] Oh, S-I., Lim, J-Y., Kim, Y-C., Yoon, J., Kim, G-H., Lee, J., Sung, Y-M. & Han, J-H. (2012). Fabrication of carbon nanofiber reinforced aluminum alloy nanocomposites by a liquid process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 542, 111-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.029.
[68] Bi, S., Xiao, B.L., Ji, Z.H., Liu, B.S., Liu, Z.Y. & Ma, Z.Y. (2020). Dispersion and damage of carbon nanotubes in carbon nanotube/7055Al composites during high-energy ball milling process. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters). 34(2), 196-204. DOI: 10.1007/s40195-020-01138-5.
[69] Guo, B., Zhang, X., Cen, X., Wang, X., Song, M., Ni, S., Yi, J., Shen, T. & Du, Y. (2018). Ameliorated mechanical and thermal properties of SiC reinforced Al matrix composites through hybridizing carbon nanotubes. Materials Characterization. 136, 272-280. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2017.12.032.
[70] Aristizabal, K., Katzensteiner, A., Bachmaier, A., Mücklich, F. & Suarez, S. (2017). Study of the structural defects on carbon nanotubes in metal matrix composites processed by severe plastic deformation. Carbon. 125, 156-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.075.
[71] Li, H., Kang, J., He, C., Zhao, N., Liang, C. & Li, B. (2013). Mechanical properties and interfacial analysis of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes with diverse structures. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 577, 120-124. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.035.
[72] Serp, P. & Castillejos, E. (2010). Catalysis in carbon nanotubes. ChemCatChem. 2(1), 41-47. DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900283.
[73] Liyong, T., Xiannian, S. & Ping, T. (2008). Effect of long multi-walled carbon nanotubes on delamination toughness of laminated composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 42(1), 5-23. DOI: 10.1177/0021998307086186.
[74] Wang, L., Choi, H., Myoung, J-M. & Lee, W. (2009). Mechanical alloying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminium powders for the preparation of carbon/metal composites. Carbon. 47(15), 3427-3433. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.007.
[75] Esawi, A.M.K., Morsi, K., Sayed, A., Taher, M. & Lanka, S. (2011). The influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) morphology and diameter on the processing and properties of CNT-reinforced aluminium composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 42(3), 234-243. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.11.008.
[76] Hassan, M.T.Z., Esawi, A.M.K. & Metwalli, S. (2014). Effect of carbon nanotube damage on the mechanical properties of aluminium–carbon nanotube composites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 607, 215-222. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.03.174.
[77] Jiang, J.L., Zhao, S.J., Yang, H. & Li, W. X. (2008). Mechanical properties of Al matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes prepared by powdermetallurgy. Transactions Of Materials And Heat Treatment. 3, 6-9. DOI: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2008.03.002.
[78] Liao, J-Z., Tan, M-J. & Sridhar, I. (2010). Spark plasma sintered multi-wall carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Materials & Design. 31, S96-S100. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.10.022.
[79] Chen, B., Imai, H., Umeda, J., Takahashi, M. & Kondoh, K. (2017). Effect of spark-plasma-sintering conditions on tensile properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Jom. 69(4), 669-675. DOI: 10.1007/s11837-017-2263-4.
[80] Choi, H.J., Shin, J.H. & Bae, D. H. (2011). Grain size effect on the strengthening behavior of aluminum-based composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Science and Technology. 71(15), 1699-1705. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.07.013.
[81] Etter, T., Schulz, P., Weber, M., Metz, J., Wimmler, M., Löffler, J.F. & Uggowitzer, P.J. (2007). Aluminium carbide formation in interpenetrating graphite/aluminium composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 448(1-2), 1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.088.
[82] Huang, Y.P., Li, D.H. & Huang, W. (2004), Preparation and property of pure AMC reinforced by CNTs. New technology and new process. 12, 48-49. DOI: CNKI:SUN:XJXG.0.2004-12-021.
[83] Aborkin, A., Khorkov, K., Prusov, E., Ob'edkov, A., Kremlev, K., Perezhogin, I. & Alymov, M. (2019). Effect of increasing the strength of aluminum matrix nanocomposites reinforced with microadditions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with TiC nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel). 9(11), 1596. DOI: 10.3390/nano9111596.
[84] Zhou, W., Sasaki, S. & Kawasaki, A. (2014). Effective control of nanodefects in multiwalled carbon nanotubes by acid treatment. Carbon. 78, 121-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.06.055.
[85] Wang, L., Ge, L., Rufford, T.E., Chen, J., Zhou, W., Zhu, Z. & Rudolph, V. (2011). A comparison study of catalytic oxidation and acid oxidation to prepare carbon nanotubes for filling with Ru nanoparticles. Carbon. 49(6), 2022-2032. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.01.028.
[86] Kim, K.T., Cha, S.I., Gemming, T., Eckert, J. & Hong, S.H. (2008). The role of interfacial oxygen atoms in the enhanced mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites. Small. 4(11), 1936-1940. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200701223.
[87] Liao, J. & Tan, M-J. (2011). Mixing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and aluminum powder for powder metallurgy use. Powder Technology. 208(1), 42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.12.001.
[88] Fan, B.B., Wang, B.B., Chen, H., Wang, G.J. & Zhang, Y. (2013). Preparation and properties of carbon CNTs/Al matrix composites. Journal Of Shenyang University (Natural Science). 25(2), 128-131. DOI: CNKI:SUN:SYDA.0.2013-02-011.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Rong Li

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zhilin Pan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Qi. Zeng

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaoli Ye

1

School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Guizhou Normal University, Guyiang, Guizhou, China

Heat Treatment Effect on Physical Properties of Stainless Steel / Inconel Bonded by Directed Energy Deposition

Yeong Seong Eom Kyung Tae Kim Dong Won Kim Ji Hun Yu Chul Yong Sim Seung Jun An Yong-Ha Park Injoon Son

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 1049-1054 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136423

Keywords Directed Energy Deposition Interface Physical Properties Heat treatment

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this study, stainless steel 316L and Inconel 625 alloy powders were additively manufactured by using directed energy deposition process. And heat treatment effect on hardness and microstructures of the bonded stainless steel 316L/Inconel 625 sample was investigated. The microstructures shows there are no secondary phases and big inclusions near interfacial region between stainless steel 316L and Inconel 625 except several small cracks. The results of TEM and Vickers Hardness show the interfacial area have a few tens of micrometers in thickness. Interestingly, as the heat treatment temperature increases, the cracks in the stainless steel region does not change in morphology while both hardness values of stainless steel 316L and Inconel 625 decrease. These results can be used for designing pipes and valves with surface treatment of Inconel material based on stainless steel 316L material using the directed energy deposition.

Go to article

Bibliography

[1] G .H. Shin, J.P. Choi, K.T. Kim, B.K. Kimm, J.H. Yu, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 24, 210 (2017).
[2] A. Ambrosi, M. Pumera, Chem. Soc. Rev. 45, 2740 (2016).
[3] G .S. Lee, Y.S. Eom, K.T. Kim, B.K. Kim, J. H. Yu, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 26, 138 (2019).
[4] Y.S. Eom, D.W. Kim, K.T. Kim, S.S. Yang, J. Choe, I. Son, J.H. Yu, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 27, 103 (2020).
[5] J. Hwang, S. Shin, J. Lee, S. Kim, H. Kim, Journal of Welding and Joining 35, 28 (2017).
[6] I . Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Springer New York, 245 (2015).
[7] A. Saboori, D. Gallo, S. Biamino, P. Fino, M. Lombardi, Appl. Sci. 7, 883 (2017).
[8] J.S. Park, M.-G. Lee, Y.-J. Cho, J. H. Sung, M.-S. Jeong, S.-K. Lee, Y.-J. Choi, D.H. Kim, Met. Mater. Int. 22, 143 (2016).
[9] R . Koike, I. Unotoro, Y. Kakinuma, Y. Oda, Int. J. Autom. Techno. 13, 3 (2019).
[10] D.R. Feenstra, A. Molotnikov, N. Birbilis, J. Mater. Sci. 55, 13314- 13328 (2020).
[11] B.E. Carroll, R.A. Otis, J.P. Borgonia, J. Suh, R.P. Dillon, A.A. Shapiro, D.C. Hofmann, Z.-K. Liu, A. M. Beese, Acta Mater. 108, 46 (2016).
[12] T. Abe, H. Sasahara, Precis. Eng. 45, 387 (2016).
[13] G.H. Aydoğdu, M.K. Aydinol, Corros. Sci. 48, 3565 (2006).
[14] H.Y. Al-Fadhli, J. Stokes, M.S.J. Hashmi, B.S. Yilbas, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 20 (2006).
[15] Y.S. Eom, K.T. Kim, S. Jung, J.H. Yu, D.Y. Yang, J. Choe, C.Y. Sim, S.J. An, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 27, 219 (2020).

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Yeong Seong Eom

1 2

Kyung Tae Kim

1

Dong Won Kim

1

Ji Hun Yu

1

Chul Yong Sim

3

Seung Jun An

3

Yong-Ha Park

4

Injoon Son

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwon-daero, Changwon, Republic of Korea
Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Insstek, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Samsung Heavy Industries, Geoje-si, Republic of Korea

Bonding Properties of TiAlCrSiN Coating / WC-8Co Cemented Carbide with Microtextured Surface

ManFeng Gong GuangFa Liu Meng Li XiaoQun Xia Lei Wang JianFeng Wu ShanHua Zhang Fang Mei

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1563-1570 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146223

Keywords cemented carbide Coating Microtexture Mechanical properties Interface bonding strength

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

WC-8Co cemented carbide was prepared by a high-temperature liquid phase sintering in argon at 5-200 Pa. Three microtextured grooves with a spacing of 500, 750, and 1000 μm were prepared on the surface of WC-8Co cemented carbide. TiAlCrSiN multi-element hard coating was deposited on the WC-8Co cemented carbide microtextured surface with multi-arc ion plating technology. The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of coated and uncoated WC-8Co cemented carbide with or without a microtextured surface were investigated. The effect of different microtextured spacing on the interface bonding strength of the TiAlCrSiN coating was analyzed. The results show that with the reduction of the microtextured spacing, the Vickers hardness of the cemented carbide slightly decreases, and the fracture toughness slightly increases. The microtextured surface can improve the interface bonding strength between the coating and the substrate. The smaller the microtextured spacing, the larger the specific surface area and the higher the surface energy, so the interface bonding strength between the coating and the substrate increases.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

ManFeng Gong

1 2

GuangFa Liu

1 2

Meng Li

1 3

XiaoQun Xia

1

Lei Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

JianFeng Wu

1 2

ShanHua Zhang

1 2

Fang Mei

1

Lingnan Normal University, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Zhanjiang 524048, China
Guangdong Ocean University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xian 710072, China

A Modularity Bug in Java 8

Simon Kramer

Theoretical and Applied Informatics | 2016 | vol. 28 | No 3 | 1-7

Keywords component-based software construction interface specifications object-oriented programming programming-language pragmatics

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

We demonstrate a modularity bug in the interface system of Java 8 on the practical example of a textbook design of a modular interface for vector spaces. Our example originates in our teaching of modular object-oriented design in Java 8 to undergraduate students, simply following standard programming practices and mathematical denitions. The bug shows up as a compilation error and should be xed with a language extension due to the importance of best practices (design delity).

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Simon Kramer

Interaction between Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Mixture as a Sealing Layer of Waste Disposal Sites and Geomembranes HDPE

Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 4 | 93-110

Keywords fly ash fly ash/bottom ash mixture waste disposal scaling layers HDPE geomembrane interface shear strength

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Interface shear strength between geomembranes with various textures, which are used for carrying out the artificial sealing of waste disposal, and compacted fly ash/bottom ash mix, was determined in the paper. The tests were conducted in a classical direct shear apparatus, with the use of a modified cylindrical box. The box was equipped with an additional part, which enabled interaction testing between compacted waste and HOPE geomembrane, It was found that interface strength estimation docs not depend on sample compaction. Only geomcmbranc structure has an effect on shear strength between waste sample and geomembrane. In the case of geomembranes with diverse structure greater values of interface friction angle are obtained, and for smooth geomembranc - greater values of adhesion.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska

Columnar Dendrite Morphology and Solute Concentration of GH3039 Nickel-Based Superalloys during Wire and Laser Additive Manufacturing: Insights from Phase Field Simulations

Nanfu Zong Zheng Wang Yang Liu Xinghong Liang Tao Jing

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 387-393 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.143673

Keywords Wire and laser additive manufacturing phase field simulation solute concentration interface crystallographic deflection columnar dendrite

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Wire and laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) can produce outstanding mechanical properties of GH3039 nickel-based superalloys. A quantitative rapid phase field model with solute trapping kinetics has been developed during the rapid solidification process, where a range of process conditions are considered in terms of thermal gradients and pulling speeds. Intergranular hot cracking is found to occur at boundaries of tilted columnar dendrite in the GH3039 nickel-based superalloys. The simulations demonstrate that the phase field model considering the interface deflection can represent the dendrite growth during additive manufacturing more realistically. With the aid of numerical simulations, it is determined that dendrite growth morphologies transform from symmetrical columnar dendrite to tilted columnar dendrite as the interface crystallographic deflection is increased, while increasing the deflection angle can lead to uneven composition of material matrix, especially at the columnar dendrite interface. Solute concentrations at the columnar dendrite interface tend to promote hot cracking in additively manufactured Ni-based superalloy.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Nanfu Zong

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zheng Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yang Liu

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xinghong Liang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tao Jing

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Beijing 100084, China
Jiangsu Changqiang Iron and Steel Corp., Ltd., Jiangsu 214500, China

Elevated-temperature tensile deformation and fracture behavior of particle-reinforced PM 8009Al matrix composite

Shuang Chen Guoqiang Chen Pingping Gao Chunxuan Liu Anru Wu Lijun Dong Zhonghua Huang Chun Ouyang Hui Zhang

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138846 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138846

Keywords aluminum matrix composite 8009Al alloy elevated-temperature tensile property interface fracture behavior

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Tensile tests of 8009Al alloy reinforced with SiC and Al₂O₃ particles fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM) were conducted at temperatures of 250–350°C and strain rates of 0.001–0.1 s⁻¹. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the samples decreased while the temperature and strain rate increased. The elongation slightly decreased at first and then increased with growing temperature because of the medium-temperature brittleness of the alloy matrix. When the strain rate was 0.1 s⁻¹, the elongation of the 8009Al/Al₂O₃ composites always decreased with an increase in temperature because of the poorly coordinated deformation and weak bonding between the matrix and Al₂O₃ particles at such a high strain rate. The work-hardening rates of the composites sharply increased to maxima and then decreased rapidly as the strain increased. Meanwhile, the 8009Al/SiCₚ composites displayed superior UTS, YS, elongation, and work-hardening rates than those of the 8009Al/Al₂O₃ composites under the same conditions. Compared to 8009Al alloys reinforced with spherical Al₂O₃ particle, 8009Al alloys reinforced with irregular SiC particles exhibited a better strengthening effect. The fracture mechanism of the 8009Al/SiCₚ composites was mainly ductile, while that of the 8009Al/Al₂O₃ composites was primarily debonding at the matrix–particle interfaces in a brittle mode.

Go to article

Bibliography

P.-h. Lü, X.F. Wang, C.G. Dong, C.Q. Peng, and R.C. Wang, “Preparation and characterization of different surface modified SiCp reinforced Al-matrix composites,” J. Cent. South Univ., vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 2567–2577, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11771-020-4482-z.
C. Emmy Prema, S. Suresh, G. Ramanan, and M. Sivaraj, “Characterization, corrosion and failure strength analysis of Al7075 influenced with B₄C and Nano-Al₂O₃ composite using online acoustic emission,” Mater. Res. Express, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 016524, 2020, doi: 10.1088/2053- 1591/ab6257.
S.V. Nair, J.K. Tien, and R.C. Bates, “SiC-reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites International Metals Reviews,” Int. Met. Rev., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 275–290, 1985, doi: 10.1179/imtr.1985.30.1.275.
Q. Yan, D. Fu, X. Deng, H. Zhang, and Z. Chen, “Tensile deformation behavior of spray-deposited FVS0812 heat-resistant aluminum alloy sheet at elevated temperatures,” Mater. Charact., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 575–579, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2006.06.024.
Z.H. Chen, Y.Q. He, H.G. Yan, Z.G. Chen, X.J. Yin, and G. Chen, “Ambient temperature mechanical properties of Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si/ SiC_P composite,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. A460‒61, no. Jul, pp. p.180–185, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.105.
D. Shimansky and H.J. McQueen, “Hot Working Of Heat Resistant Rapidly Solidified AI-Fe-V-Si Alloy,” High Temp. Mat., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 241–252, 1999, doi: 10.1515/HTMP.1999.18.4.241.
S. Hariprasad, S. Sastry, and K.L. Jerina, “Deformation behavior of a rapidly solidified fine grained Al-8.5%Fe-1.2%V-1.7%Si alloy,” Acta. Mater., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 383–389, 1995, doi: 10.1016/1359-6454(95)00160-1.
Y.D. Xiao, W. Wang, and L.I. Wen-Xian, “High temperature deformation behavior and mechanism of spray deposited Al-Fe-V-Si alloy,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol. 17, no. 006, pp. 1175–1180, 2007, doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(07)60245-3.
S. Sun, L. Zheng, P. Hui, and Z. Hu, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Fe-V-Si aluminum alloy produced by electron beam melting,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 659, no. 6, pp. 207–214, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2016.02.053.
Y. He, H. Tu, B. Qiao, L. Feng, J. Yang, and Y. Sun, “Tensile fracture behavior of spray-deposited SiC_P/Al–Fe–V–Si composite sheet,” Adv. Compos. Mater., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 227–237, 2011, doi: 10.1080/09243046.2013.796626.
L. Hao, Y.Q. He, N. Wang, Z.H. Chen, Z.G. Chen, H.G. Yan, and Z.K. Xu, “The Thermal Stability and Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of Spray-Deposited SiC_P/Al–11.7Fe–1.3V–1.7Si Composite,” Adv. Compos. Mater., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 351–364, 2009, doi: 10.1163/156855109X434766.
S. Chen, D. Fu, H. Luo, Y. Wang, J. Teng, and H. Zhang, “Hot workability of PM 8009Al/Al₂O₃ particle-reinforced composite characterized using processing maps,” Vacuum, vol. 149, pp. 297–305, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.01.001.
C. Shuang, T. Jie, H. Luo, W. Yu, and Z. Hui, “Hot deformation characteristics and mechanism of PM 8009Al/SiC particle reinforced composites,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 697, pp. 194–202, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.05.016.
M.H. Guo, J. Y. Liu, C.C. Jia, Q.J. Jia, and S.J. Guo, “Microstructure and properties of electronic packaging shell with high silicon carbide aluminum-base composites by semi-solid thixoforming,” J. Cent. South Univ., vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 4053–4058, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11771- 014-2396-3.
H.S. Chen, W.X. Wang, H.H. Nie, J. Zhou, Y.L. Li, R.F. Liu, Y.Y. Zhang, and P. Zhang, “Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of B₄C/6061Al neutron absorber composite sheets fabricated by powder metallurgy,” J Alloys Compd., vol. 730, pp. 342–351, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.312.
H.S. Chen, W.X. Wang, Y.L. Li, P. Zhang, H.H. Nie, and Q.C. Wu, “The design, microstructure and tensile properties of B4C particulate reinforced 6061Al neutron absorber composites,” J. Alloy. Compd., vol. 632, pp. 23–29, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.048.
H. Sun, X. Li, P. Zhang, and W. Fang, “The microstructure and tensile properties of the Ti₂AlC reinforced TiAl composites fabricated by powder metallurgy,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 611, pp. 257–262, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.06.009.
W. Zhang, D. Chai, G. Ran, and J.E. Zhou, “Study on microstructure and tensile properties of in situ fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 476, no. 1/2, pp. 157–161, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.018.
S. Ghanaraja, K.L.V. Kumar, K.S. Ravikumar, and B.M. Madhusudan, “Mechanical Properties of Al₂O₃ Reinforced Cast and Hot Extruded Al based Metal Matrix Composites,” Mater. Today: Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, Part A, pp. 2771–2776, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.155.
M. Sharififar and S. Mousavi, “Tensile deformation and fracture behavior of CuZn5 brass alloy at high temperature,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 594, no. 1, pp. 118–124, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.11.051.
D. Hull and D. J. Bacon, Introduction to Dislocations,4^th Ed., 2001, Oxford.
H. Luo, J. Teng, S. Chen, Y. Wang, and H. Zhang, “Flow stress and processing map of a PM 8009Al/SiC particle reinforced composite during hot compression,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 4789–4796, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s11665-017-2963-5.
E. Bouchaud, L. Kubin, and H. Octor, “Ductility and dynamic strain ageing in rapidly solidified aluminium alloys. Metall Trans 22A:1021‒1028,” Metall. Trans. A, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1021–1028, 1991, doi: 10.1007/BF02661095.
D.M. Li and A. Bakker, “Temperature and strain rate dependence of the portevin-le chatelier effect in a rapidly solidified Al alloy,” Metall. Mater. Trans., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2873–2879, 1995, doi: 10.1007/BF02669645.
L. Yuan, W. Shi, Z. Zheng, and D. Shan, “Effect of the aspect ratio of whisker on work-hardening rate of as forged 2024Al/Al₁₈B₄O₃₃w composite,” Mater. Charact., vol. 104, pp. 73–80, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.04.006.
W.J. Li, K.K. Deng, X. Zhang, C.J. Wang, J.W. Kang, K.B. Nie, and W. Liang, “Microstructures, tensile properties and work-hardening behavior of SiCp/Mg-Zn-Ca composites,” J. Alloy. Compd., vol. 695, pp. 2215–2223, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.070.
T.S. Srivatsan, M. Al-Hajri, C. Smith, and M. Petraroli, “The tensile response and fracture behavior of 2009 aluminum alloy metal matrix composite,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 346, no. 1–2, pp. 91–100, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00481-1.
M. Vedani, F. D’Errico, and E. Gariboldi, “Mechanical and fracture behaviour of aluminium-based discontinuously reinforced composites at hot working temperatures,” Compos. Sci. Technol, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 343–349, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.04.045.
J.Y. Bai, C.L. Fan, S.B. Lin, C.L. Yang, and B.L. Dong, “Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviors of GTA-Additive Manufactured 2219-Al After an Especial Heat Treatment,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1808–1816, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s11665-017-2627- 5.
B.Q. Han, K.C. Chan, T.M. Yue, and W.S. Lau, “High temperature deformation behavior of Al 2124-SiC_p composite,” J. Mater. Process. Tech., vol. 63, no. 1–3, pp. 395–398, 1997, doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02653-2.
P. Yu et al., “Interfacial reaction during the fabrication of Ni₆₀Nb₄₀ metallic glass particles-reinforced Al based MMCs,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 444, no. 1–2, pp. 206–213, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.08.077.
Y.K. Xu, M. Han, X. Jian, and E. Ma, “Mg-based bulk metallic glass composites with plasticity and gigapascal strength,” Acta Mater., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1857–1866, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.12.036.
J. Fan, K. Zhnag, and L. Shi, “Interface Characterization of the SiCp/Al Composites Made by Powder Metallurgy,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 147–150, 1999, https://www.jmst.org/EN/abstract/abstract5749.shtml.
J.-Ch., Lee, and, J.-Y. Byun, S.-B. Park, and H.-I. Lee, “Prediction of Si contents to suppress the formation of Al₄C₃ in the SiCp/Al composite,” Acta Mater., vol. 46, pp. 1771–1780, 1998, doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00265-6.
J.K. Park and J.P. Lucas, “Moisture effect on SiC_p/6061 Al MMC: Dissolution of interfacial Al₄C₃,” Scripta Mater., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 511–516, 1997, doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00133-4.
J. Long-tao et al., “Microstructure and tensile properties of TiB_2p/6061Al composites,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 542–546, 2009, doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60105-7.
B. Ogel and R. Gurbuz, “Microstructural characterization and tensile properties of hot pressed Al–SiC composites prepared from pure Al and Cu powders,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 301, no. 2, pp. 213–220, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01656-7.
Y. Qiao et al., “Effect of hydrogen charging on microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of Ti-4Al-2V-1Mo-1Fe alloy,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 60, pp. 168–176, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.06.010.
Y.X. Qiao et al., “Corrosion Behavior of a Nickel-Free High-Nitrogen Stainless Steel With Hydrogen Charging,” JOM, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 1165–1172, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11837-021-04569-2.
J. Wu, Y. Qiao, Y. Chen, L. Yang, X. Cao, and S. Jin, “Correlation between Corrosion Films and Corrosion-Related Defects Formed on 316 Stainless Steel at High Temperatures in Pressurized Water,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 30, pp. 3577–3585, 2021, doi: 10.1007/ s11665-021-05688-2.
S. Lesz, B. Hrapkowicz, K. Gołombek, M. Karolus, and P. Janiak, “Synthesis of Mg-based alloys with a rare-earth element addition by mechanical alloying,” Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 69, no. 1, p. e137586, 2021, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137586.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Shuang Chen

1

Guoqiang Chen

1

Pingping Gao

1 2

Chunxuan Liu

2

Anru Wu

1

Lijun Dong

1

Zhonghua Huang

1

Chun Ouyang

1 3 4

Hui Zhang

5

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power and Transmission System, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
Hunan Gold Sky Aluminum Industry High-tech Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 21200, China
CETC Maritime Electronics Research Institute Co., Ltd., Ningbo Zhejiang 315000, China
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

The Bending, Impact Fracture Behavior and Characteristics of Stainless Steel Clad Plates with Different Rolling Temperature

Q. An K.Y. Fan Y.F. Ge B.X. Liu J. He S. Wang C.X. Chen P.G. Ji O. Tolochko

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 229-239 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134780

Keywords stainless steel clad plate interface characteristics bending behavior impact morphologies delamination crack

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The interface characteristics, bending and impact behavior, as well as fracture characteristics of stainless steel clad plates fabricated by vacuum hot rolling at different rolling temperatures of 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C are investigated in detail. The interface bonding strength is gradually increased with the increasing rolling temperature due to the sufficient diffusion behavior of alloy element. The bending toughness and impact toughness are gradually decreased, while the bending strength increase with the increase of the rolling temperature, which is attributed to mechanisms of matrix softening and interface strengthening at high rolling temperature. Due to the weak interface at 1100°C, the bending and impact crack propagation path was displaced by delamination cracks, which in turn lead to reduction in stress intensity of the main crack, playing an effective role in toughening the stainless steel clad plates. Moreover, the impact fracture morphologies of clad plates show a typical ductile-brittle transition phenomenon, which is attributed to the matrix softening behavior with the increasing rolling temperature.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Q. An

K.Y. Fan

Y.F. Ge

B.X. Liu

J. He

S. Wang

C.X. Chen

P.G. Ji

O. Tolochko

The Influence of Alloying Additions on High Temperature Interaction Between Molten Compacted Graphite Iron and Alumina

N. Sobczak M. Bacior P. Turalska G. Bruzda M. Homa J.J. Sobczak

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 3 | 1227-1238 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133654

Keywords compacted graphite iron Al2O3 sessile drop method wettability interface

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

High temperature behavior of three compacted graphite iron (CGI) alloys on polycrystalline alumina substrates (99.7%, porosity <3%) were examined by the sessile drop method combined with classical contact heating procedure in flowing Ar. High-speed high-resolution CCD camera was used for continuous recording of the CGI/Al2O3 couples during melting alloy, heating to and holding the couples at the test temperature of 1450°C for 15 min and their subsequent cooling. The comparative studies were made with conventional CGI (in wt.%: 3.70 C, 2.30 Si, 0.44 Mn, 0.054 P, 0.017 Mg, 0.015 S) and two alloys additionally containing the same amounts of 0.25 Mo, 0.1 V, 0.045 Sn and 0.032 Sb with different concentrations of Mg + Cu additions, i.e. 0.01Mg + 0.33Cu and 0.02Mg + 0.83Cu. All three CGI alloys demonstrated non-wetting behavior on the Al2O3 substrates while the contact angle values slightly decreased with increase of the Mg + Cu content in the alloy, i.e. 131° (unalloyed CGI), 130° (0.01Mg + 0.33Cu) and 125° (0.02Mg + 0.83Cu). Structural characterization of solidified couples by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed: 1) heterogeneous nucleation of discontinuous graphite layer at the drop-side interfaces and on the surface of the drops; 2) reactively formed Mg-rich oxide layer at the substrate-side interface; 3) the formation of satellite droplets on the surface of the drops during their solidification; 4) degeneration of initially compacted graphite to lamellar graphite after remelting and subsequent solidification of the drops, particularly in their surface layer.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

N. Sobczak

M. Bacior

P. Turalska

G. Bruzda

M. Homa

J.J. Sobczak

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel/Aluminum Multilayer Composites by One-Step Explosive Welding

Xiaoyan Hu Yingbin Liu Li Yang Xiaochen Huang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 939-946 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.145457

Keywords multilayer composites one-step explosive welding bonding interface micro-hardness mechanical properties

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The stainless steel/aluminum multilayer composites were prepared by one-step explosive welding using ammonium nitrate explosive with two different thicknesses. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the multilayer composites were examined. There is a thin metallurgical melting zone at each bonding interface, consisting mostly of iron and aluminum elements. However, the micro-crack appears in the second metallurgical bonding zone obtained using the explosive of 24 mm thickness. The micro-hardness values at the four bonding interfaces are higher than those of bulk 1060 aluminum and 304 stainless steel. The yield strength of the multilayer composites obtained in the two cases is higher than that of the original 304 stainless steel while the tensile strength is between those of the original 1060 aluminum and 304 stainless steel. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and yield strength of multilayer composites obtained by explosive welding with explosive of 20 mm thickness are relatively higher.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Xiaoyan Hu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yingbin Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Li Yang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaochen Huang

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

North University of China, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan 030051, China
Military Products Research Institute, Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030051, China
Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation Limited, Beijing 100076, China

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel/Aluminum Multilayer Composites by One-Step Explosive Welding

Xiaoyan Hu Yingbin Liu Li Yang Xiaochen Huang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 1211-1217 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.145495

Keywords multilayer composites one-step explosive welding bonding interface micro-hardness mechanical properties

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The stainless steel/aluminum multilayer composites were prepared by one-step explosive welding using ammonium nitrate explosive with two different thicknesses. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the multilayer composites were examined. There is a thin metallurgical melting zone at each bonding interface, consisting mostly of iron and aluminum elements. However, the micro-crack appears in the second metallurgical bonding zone obtained using the explosive of 24 mm thickness. The micro-hardness values at the four bonding interfaces are higher than those of bulk 1060 aluminum and 304 stainless steel. The yield strength of the multilayer composites obtained in the two cases is higher than that of the original 304 stainless steel while the tensile strength is between those of the original 1060 aluminum and 304 stainless steel. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and yield strength of multilayer composites obtained by explosive welding with explosive of 20 mm thickness are relatively higher.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Xiaoyan Hu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yingbin Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Li Yang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaochen Huang

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

North University of China, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan 030051, China
Military Products Research Institute, Shanxi Jiangyang Chemical Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030051, China
Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation Limited, Beijing 100076, China

Effect of Swirl Angle on Interaction between Swirl Oxygen Lance Jet and Melt Pool

Haoran Ma Guangqiang Liu Chengcheng Xu Kun Liu Peng Han

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 50-57 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149251

Keywords Swirl oxygen Melt pool Swirl angle Gas-liquid interface Dead zone

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In order to clarify the action law of the swirl oxygen lance jet on the melt pool of the converter and to determine the optimal swirl angle of the swirl oxygen lance for the 120t converter, this study establishes the gas-liquid two-phase flow model of the oxygen lance with different swirl angles based on the realizable k-ε model and the VOF multiphase flow model. The gas-liquid interface behavior during the interaction between the jet and the molten pool was analyzed, and the flow pattern of molten steel in the molten pool was mainly investigated. The results show that compared with traditional oxygen lance, the rotating oxygen lance jet enhances the stirring of the melt pool and intensifies the fluctuation of the melt pool liquid level. The depth of the impact cavity decreases with the increase of the swirl angle, but the diameter of the impact cavity increases with the increase of the swirl angle. When the jet with a swirl angle of 10 ° impacts the surface of the melt pool, the turbulence energy obtained by the molten steel is the highest, the average flow velocity inside the melt pool is the highest, and the molten steel is stirred more thoroughly, achieving better melting effects.

Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Rao, J.P., Li, G.Q., & Yang, Z.Z. (2011). Research and application of new oxygen lance for BOF steelmaking. Advanced Materials Research. 335, 74-79. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.335-336.74.
[2] Allemand, B., Bruchet P. & Champinot, C. (2001). Theoretical and experimental study of supersonic oxygen jets. Industrial application in EAF. Metallurgical Research & Technology. 98(6), 571-587. https://doi.org/10.1051/ metal:2001107.
[3] Li, L., Li, M. & Shao, L. (2020). Physical and mathematical modeling of swirling gas jets impinging onto a liquid bath using a novel nozzles‐twisted lance. Steel Research International. 91(7), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/ srin.201900684.
[4] Wang, X. (2022). Numerical simulation of jet characteristics and gas liquid two phase behavior of swirling oxygen lance. University of Science and Technology Liaoning. https://doi.org/10.26923/d.cnki.gasgc.2021.000081.
[5] Higuchi, Y. & Tago, Y. (2003). Effect of nozzle twisted lance on jet behavior and spitting rate in top blown process. ISIJ international. 43(9), 1410-1414. https://doi.org/10.2355 /isijinternational.43.1410.
[6] Li, M., Li, Q. & Kuang, S. (2016). Computational investigation of the splashing phenomenon induced by the impingement of multiple supersonic jets onto a molten slag–metal melt pool. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 55(12), 3630-3640. https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.iecr.5b03301.
[7] Li, Q., Li, M. & Kuang, S, B. (2014). Computational study on the behaviours of supersonic jets and their impingement onto molten liquid free surface in BOF steelmaking. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 53(3), 340-351. https://doi.org/10.1179/1879139514Y.0000000124.
[8] Li, M., Li, Q. & Zou Z. (2017). Computational investigation of swirling supersonic jets generated through a nozzle-twisted lance. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 48, 713-725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0851-2.
[9] Muñoz-Esparza, D., Buchlin, J.M. & Myrillas, K. (2012). Numerical investigation of impinging gas jets onto deformable liquid layers. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 36(6), 2687-2700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2011.09.052.
[10] Zhou, X., Ersson, M. & Zhong, L. (2014). Mathematical and physical simulation of a top blown converter. Steel research international. 85(2), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1002/ srin.201300310.
[11] Hu, S., Zhu, R., & Dong, K. (2018). Effect of oxygen flow rate and temperature on supersonic jet characteristics and fluid flow in an EAF molten bath. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 57(2), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00084433. 2017.1409945.
[12] Wang, W., Yuan, Z., & Matsuura, H. (2010). Three-dimensional compressible flow simulation of top-blown multiple jets in converter. ISIJ International. 50(4), 491-500. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.491.
[13] Li, M., Li, L. & Zhang, B. (2020). Numerical analysis of the particle-induced effect on gas flow in a supersonic powder-laden oxygen jet. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 51, 1718-1730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01855-3.
[14] Feng, C., Zhu, R. & Dong, K. (2021). Effects of ambient temperature and powder gas ratio on jet characteristics of O2+ CO2 and CaO particles injected by a swirl-type oxygen lance nozzle. Powder Technology. 388, 537-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.085.
[15] Lv, M., Zhu, R. & Wang H. (2013). Simulation and application of swirl-type oxygen lance in vanadium extraction converter. Steel Research International. 84(3), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201200136.
[16] Lv, M., Zhu, R. & Guo, Y.G. (2013). Simulation of flowfluid in the BOF steelmaking process. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 44, 1560-1571. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11663-013-9935-4.
[17] Alam, M., Naser, J., & Brooks, G. (2010). Computational fluid dynamics simulation of supersonic oxygen jet behavior at steelmaking temperature. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 41, 636-645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-010-9341-0.
[18] Liu, F., Sun, D. & Zhu, R. (2017). Effect of nozzle twisted oxygen lance on flow field and dephosphorization rate in converter steelmaking process. Ironmaking & Steelmaking. 44(9), 640-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233. 2016.1226562.
[19] Zhong, L., Zhu, Y. & Jiang, M. (2005). Cold modelling of slag splashing in LD furnace by oxygen lance with twisted nozzle tip. Steel Research International. 76(9), 611-615. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.200506065.
[20] Liu, G., Liu, K., & Han, P. (2021). Splash sheet characteristics induced by the impingement of multiple jets in a steelmaking converter. Ironmaking & Steelmaking. 48(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2020.1720453.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Haoran Ma

1

Guangqiang Liu

2

Chengcheng Xu

3

Kun Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Peng Han

1

College of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 3114051, China
College of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
Cold rolling mill plant, ANGANG Steel Company Limited, Anshan 114021, China

Shear capacity of the interface between concretes cast at different time in the light of experimental investigations and codes of practice

Michał Gołdyn

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 275-298 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140168

Keywords shear capacity shear-friction push-off test concrete interface concretes cast at differenttime overlay

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents selected issues related to the load carrying capacity of joints between concretes cast at different times. The most important factors affecting the shear resistance, such as: surface roughness (profile), shear reinforcement ratio, concrete strength as well as the aggregate composition are discussed, including results of previous experimental studies conducted on push-off specimens and composite reinforced concrete beams. The differences in behaviour and shear resistance of contacts between ordinary concretes, lightweight aggregate concretes and recycled aggregate concretes are presented. Principles of interface design in the light of codes of practise: AASHTO-LRFD, ACI 318-19, EN 1992-1-1 and prEN 1992-1-1 were described. The theoretical predictions were compared with 184 results of experimental tests on push-off specimens. It has been found that most of the procedures allow for a safe estimation of the load carrying capacity of interfaces – with and without shear reinforcement. However, the obtained results were mostly conservative (depending on the considered design procedure, ratio of the experimental to theoretical load carrying capacity lies in range 1.51÷2.68). This may indicate that the description of shear transfer mechanism between concretes cast at different times is still imperfect and need to be improved.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Michał Gołdyn

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lodz University of Technology, Department of Concrete Structures, al. Politechniki 6, 93-590 Łódz, Poland

Search results

Filters

Search results

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations