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Abstract

This study presents results of stress rupture test of MAR-M-509 cobalt alloy samples, as-cast and after surface refining with a concentrated stream of heat. Tests were conducted on samples of MAR-M-509 alloy castings, obtained using the lost-wax method. Casting structure refining was performed with the GTAW method in argon atmosphere, using the current I = 200 A and electrical arc scanning velocity vs = 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm/min. The effect of rapid resolidification of the MAR-M-509 alloy on the microstructure was examined and significant improvement in stress rupture test was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Trytek
M. Tupaj
M. Mróz
W. Orłowicz
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Abstract

The study consisted in assessing the influence of surface and volume modification on the characteristics of high-temperature creep of

castings made of waste products of nickel-based superalloys IN 713C and the MAR-247. The results of high-temperature creep tests

performed under conditions of two variants of research were analysed. The characteristics of creep according to variant I were obtained on

the basis of earlier studies of these alloys with the parameters T=982o

C, σ=150MPa [1]. Variant II included carrying out creep tests of

alloy IN713C with the parameters T=760o

C, σ =400MPa and alloy MAR247 with the parameters: T=982o

C, σ=200MPa.Developed creep

characteristics were compared with the results of these alloys with the parameters according to variant I of the study. It was observed that

the conditions of experiments carried out depending upon the value of the creep test temperature and stress with the creep stability depends

on the size of the macrograin (I variant of the studies) or such influence was not observed (II variant of the studies). Stability of samples

with coarse structure in variant I of creep tests was significantly higher than the samples with fragmented grain. It was found that the

observed stability conditions are dependent on the dominant deformation mechanisms under creep tests carried out - diffusion mechanism

in variant I and a dislocation mechanism in variant II of the study. The conditions for the formation and growth of the cracks in the tested

materials, including the morphological characteristics of their macro-and microstructure were tested.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Cieśla
R. Findziński
F. Binczyk
M. Mańka
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Abstract

The paper summarises results of measurements of remelting area geometry, thermal efficiency and melting efficiency characterising the surface remelting process applied to castings of MAR-M-509 cobalt alloy. The remelting process was carried out with the use of GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) method in protective atmosphere of helium, at the electric current intensity in the range from 100 A to 300 A, and the electric arc scanning velocity vs in the range from 200 mm/min to 800 mm/min. The effect of current intensity and electric arc scanning velocity on geometrical parameters of remeltings, thermal efficiency, and melting efficiency characterising the remelting process has been determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Tupaj
M. Mróz
W. Orłowicz
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Abstract

The medieval manuscripts of St. Mary’s Church Library ( Biblioteka Mariacka) are the oldest part of the collections of the Gdansk Library, with some items dating back to the 12th century. In view of their topics and history, they provide a priceless testimony to the history of Pomerania. The value of the manuscripts lies not only in their contents and ornamentation, but also in the fact that they include parchment documents bound by Gdansk bookbinders, which have survived in an excellent condition. The uniqueness of the collection was confirmed by the missal Missale secundum notulam dominorum Teutonicorum (Ms. Mar. F 332) being entered on UNESCO’s “Memory of the World” Polish National Register in 2016.
After 1921, not a single study discussing the provenance of books kept in St. Mary’s Church Library was written. This paper is an attempt to partially fill in the gap – to indicate the scribes and owners of the most valuable manuscripts. Among the latter, special attention should be devoted to clergymen connected with St. Mary’s church: Andreas Slommow, Heinrich Calow, and Johannes Zager, a lawyer Nicolaus Velan, and a scribe Johannes Rasoris from Nidzica.
For the purposes of this article, books kept by the Library were divided into sections: theology, philosophy, law and medicine; manuscripts related to the Teutonic Order were also given a separate section. Such a division may help the readers use the library holdings. The text also discusses the most important wartime losses.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Larczyńska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych
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Abstract

The author in his article deals with the role that Mary of Nazareth, the mother of Messiah, the Gebirah, played in the economy of salvation. The title Gebirah means the dignity of the king’s mother and the special power of her influence. Therefore, the Books of Kings almost always mention the name of the king’s mother by introducing the description of each Judah ruler from the Davidic dynasty from which the Messiah was born. The dignity of Gebirah was given to the king’s mother at the time of her son’s enthronement. The king’s mother received the prestigious title of Gebirah (2 Kings 5:3; Jer 13:18), because she gave birth to her son (geber), who became king (2 Sam 23:1). They mention three texts of the Bible about the mother of the Messiah, depicting an important figure of a mother’s role (Genesis 3:15; Jes 7:14 and Mich 5:2). Both the figure of the king and his mother prefigure the Messianic King Jesus (2 Sam 7:10-17) and his mother Mary. Mary, the Mother of Jesus, considered to be a messianic personification of the entire people of Israel, becomes the new Daughter of Zion. Mary as the messianic Gebirah is actually the Mother of the Church.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gabriel Witaszek
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Abstract

In the sixth century, a series of natural disasters struck the Eastern Roman Empire, the most serious of which was the plague that raged from 541 to 542. The contemporary consensus is that Justinian's reign brought a fundamental cultural transformation and, according to Misha Meier's (2016) research, the plague marked a significant caesura in the transition from late antiquity to the Byzantine Middle Ages. The article is based on the assumption that the catastrophic events were a trigger for the transformation of the therapeutic piety, the development of which was conditioned by the ability to project the unreal. The purpose of the paper was to analyse counterfactual projections in rituals created as a response to the disasters besetting in the age of the Emperor Justinian. The author proposes to treat these religious formulas as visualised forms of counterfactual thinking based on the integration of cause and effect, according to the theory of conceptual blending. The article concludes that in case of the 6th century, counterfactual thinking enabled the transformation and development of early mediaeval culture and may have reduced the stress associated with the catastrophic events that affected the society of the Byzantine Empire.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Helena Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Marii Curie Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella has been associated with the presence of integrons and many other resistance mechanisms contributing to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant genes within and between livestock and human populations. In this study, the presence of Salmonella serovars from broiler and cattle samples and their antimicrobial resistance, integrons, tet resistance, ESBL and resistance genes carriage were investigated. Total of 209 litter (broiler farms) and fecal samples (cattle farms) were examined by bacteriological procedures, susceptibilities against 18 antimicrobials and genes carriages were detected by singleplex and multiplex PCR. A total of 46/209 (22 %) Salmonella strains were isolated. Six different Salmonella serotypes from 46 Salmonella isolates were identified and the most common serotype was S. Infantis 38 (82.6%) from broiler litter; followed by S. Kitenge 3 (6.5 %) from fecal sample. The highest occurrence of resistance observed for penicilline (46/46, %100), lincomycin (43/46, 93.5%) and 42 isolates (43/46, 93.5%) exhibited MDR. The overall occurrence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons carrying Salmonella in tested samples were 63.04% (29/46), 43.5% (20/46) and 84.8% (39/46) respectively. Out of the 27 isolates produced an ESBL, mostly CTX and TEM. On 46 Salmonella isolates, in 16 (34.8%) Tcr’ genes were determined. Genotypic and phenotipic detection of ESBL genes found within integrons from Salmonella isolates from different sources (broiler and cattle) can provide powerful information about health and economic risk associated with transferable multidrug resistance.
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Authors and Affiliations

O. Sahan Yapicier
1
D. Ozturk
2

  1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Bacteriological Diagnostic Laboratory, 06020, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
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Abstract

Most of what we know about Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński (? – c. 1580) and his work is plausible conjecture that cannot be fully verified. The small volume published twenty years after his death, Rytmy – a single extant copy was found accidentally in the early 1800s – represents his uncertain legacy. Yet not only is Sęp Szarzyński the second greatest pre-modern Polish poet after Kochanowski, but, owing to his sonnets and other compositions of his early maturity, he can be considered the creator of a new style that, under the influence of late Italian Petrarchism, brings Polish poetry closer to mannerism and, for some commentators, to the Baroque. This article will focus in particular on Sonnet III (‘To the Holy Virgin’). While drawing on Dante and Petrarca, the sonnet resonates with the themes and styles of contemporary Spanish Marian literature. Sonnet III is the cornerstone of Sęp Szarzyński’s sonnet cycle (the first in Polish literature) that marks the artistic culmination of a ‘passage’ to modernity, in which an attitude of doubt and the attendant “grammar of uncertainty” (cf. Jan Błoński) constitutes the writer’s main stylistic and existential signature.
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Bibliography

Literatura podmiotowa:

● Sęp Szarzyński Mikołaj, Mikołaja Sępa Szarzyńskiego Rytmy abo Wiersze Polskie, po iego śmierci zebrane y wydane, Roku Pańskiego 1601, wydanie foto-offsetowe, Czytelnik, Warszawa 1978.
● Sęp Szarzyński Mikołaj, Rytmy oraz anonimowe pieśni i listy miłosne z XVI w., oprac. Tadeusz Sinko, BN, Nakładem Krakowskiej Spółki Wydawniczej, Kraków 1928.
● Sęp Szarzyński Mikołaj, Rytmy abo wiersze polskie oraz cykl erotyków, oprac. i wstępem poprzedził Julian Krzyżanowski, BN – wyd. II zmienione, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1973.
● Sęp Szarzyński Mikołaj, Poezje, wstęp i oprac. Janusz S. Gruchała, BP, Universitas, Kraków 1997.
● Sęp Szarzyński Mikołaj, Poezje zebrane, wydali Radosław Grześkowiak, Adam Karpiński, przy współpracy Krzysztofa Mrowcewicza, BPS, IBL, Warszawa 2001.

Literatura przedmiotowa:

● AAV V, Wieniec dla Mikołaja Sępa Szarzyńskiego, [w:] Corona scientiarum. Studia z historii literatury i kultury nowożytnej ofiarowane Profesorowi Januszowi Pelcowi, red. J.A. Chrościcki, J. Głażewski, K. Mrowcewicz, M. Prejs, Neriton, Warszawa 2004.
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● Balcerzan Edward, Mikołaj Sęp-Szarzyński wśród prawdopodobieństw, [w:] tegoż, Oprócz głosu, PIW, Warszawa 1971, s. 166-174.
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Authors and Affiliations

Luigi Marinelli
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sapienza, Università di Roma, Włochy
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Abstract

Modern technologies have helped us push the boundaries of geology and begin exploration of other planets. Great strides have been made in the study of Mars, which is slowly yielding up its secrets.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Gaidzik
1
Justyna Ciesielczuk
1
Monika Fabiańska
1
Magdalena Misz-Kennan
1
Pádhraig S . Kennan
2

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice
  2. University College Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract

The deepening and exploration of the loess-palaeosol section at the foot of the Kopasz Hill at Bodrogkeresztúr have been carried out to expand the existing knowledge of the Carpathian foothill palaeoenvironmental factors and their impact. The study deals with particle size analysis, organic matter and carbonate content. For the presentation of age-depth models, the OSL dates of Bodrogkeresztúr (BKT) and the 14C dates of Bodrogkeresztúr, brickyard 1 were used-, and the diagrams of the Accumulation Rates (AR) derived from them. These were compared with Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) calculations based on OSL and 14C data from BKT and 14C data from Bodrogkeresztúr, brickyard 1. It became evident that there is a significant difference between the two sections, which may be due to the upland position, the overlap, or the wind tunnel effect. Sedimentological studies revealed coarser grain composition, however, the nearly complete absence of coarser sand fraction is also noticeable in the case of BKT. Also, the entire section is characterized by increased carbonate content due to post-sedimentation processes, recarbonization and leaching. The AR and MAR results show the difference between the suitability of different chronometric methods, indicating that the top of both sections may have been redeposited or eroded.
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Authors and Affiliations

László Makó
1 2
Dávid Molnár
1 2
Péter Cseh
1 2
Pál Sümegi
1 2

  1. Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
  2. University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Long Environmental Changes research team, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
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Abstract

Szeroko rozumiane pojęcie ludzi morza obejmuje nie tylko tych, którzy przemierzając akweny, ryzykowali swoim życiem, ale i tych, którzy wysyłali ich w rejs i ryzykowali swoim majątkiem. Analiza obejmuje środowisko ludzi morza w głównych portach bałtyckich (Gdańsk, Szczecin, Elbląg, Stralsund, Kołobrzeg) w zależności od stanu badań. Środowisko armatorów dość żywo reagowało na zmienne koniunktury gospodarcze. Należy też zauważyć, że w coraz większym stopniu ich aktywność zależała od polityki gospodarczej rządu centralnego (system podatkowy, monopolowy, akcyzowy). Widoczny jest też związek armatorstwa z prowadzeniem działalności kupieckiej oraz dużą popularnością spółek armatorskich zawiązywanych w celu prowadzenia wspólnych interesów handlowych, wzmacnianych poprzez koligacje rodzinne i towarzyskie. W okresach prosperity wzrastała liczba żaglowców, łatwiej było szyprom i marynarzom znaleźć pracę na statku. Kwestia ich zatrudnienia była regulowana odgórnie regulaminami i zapisami wilkierzy miejskich. Brak było jednak państwowych lub miejskich ustaw socjalnych, a zabezpieczenie życia i zdrowia lub bytu rodziny zależało od inicjatyw prywatnych lub gildii.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Łączyńska
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the metallographic structure and the impact of the heat treatment process on the MAR-M247 superalloy, a high-temperature nickel-based superalloy commonly used in turbine blades. The heat treatment process can potentially influence the mechanical properties of the MAR-M247 superalloy at different temperatures. A strength simulation analysis of gas turbine blades should include the variations in the mechanical properties of the material. The effect of heat treatment on grain size was investigated by metallographic experiments, and numerical calculations of material mechanical properties were conducted. The mechanical property parameters necessary for finite element analysis of turbine blades were determined. Finally, a finite element simulation model of the blade was established based on these mechanical property parameters, and strength analysis was performed. The simulation results provided the stress distribution and the strength of the turbine blade.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hao Lin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haipeng Geng
2
ORCID: ORCID
Xifeng Zhou
2
ORCID: ORCID
Leiming Song
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaojun Hu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P.R. China
  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, P.R. China
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Abstract

The purpose of this publication is to briefly present selected issues, that have been the subject of the work of the International Maritime Publication in the last two years. For IMO this was a period when the organization had to face very serious consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It influenced not only the fate of thousands seafarers in this industry, but also the functioning of the Organization itself, forcing to adopt innovative and unprecedented solutions. Their effects are still clearly felt and have an impact on the current as well as future work. Authors would like to draw the attention, inter alia, on issues that have become pivotal in this difficult time and others that focus particularly on aspects related to seafarers’ rights, autonomous ships, fraudulent registration and fraudulent registries of ships, increasing safety in shipping, facilitating maritime trade and protection of maritime environment. Simultaneously, it is worth stressing out that the list of important issues presented in this paper is not exhaustive. The article also briefly presents the organizational structure of IMO.
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Pyć D., Ship Energy Efficiency Measures and Climate Protection, International Community Law Review, 2021, 23(2-3)
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Lubowska
1 2
Karolina Sypion-Babś
3 4

  1. Zastępca Kierownika Ośrodka ds. IMO przy Polskim Rejestrze Statków S.A., Gdańsk
  2. Przewodnicząca Krajowej Sekcji Bezpieczeństwa na Morzu w Ośrodku ds. IMO, Gdańsk
  3. specjalista Ośrodka ds. IMO przy Polskim Rejestrze Statków S.A., Gdańsk
  4. Przewodnicząca Krajowej Sekcji Prawnej w Ośrodku ds. IMO, Gdańsk
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Abstract

This article deals with the problem of the right to social security in the state of residence in the light of Regulation No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems. The judgment of the Court of Justice of 8 May 2019 in case C-631/17 SF v Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst served as an inspiration for the above-mentioned topic. In its judgement the Court has made a binding interpretation of Article 11(3)(e) of the said Regulation in the context of the situation of a national of a member state employed as a seaman on board a vessel flying the flag of a third state by an employer established in a member state other than the worker’s state of residence. The aim of the article is to justify the right to social security in the state of residence based on Article 11(3)(e) of the Regulation 883/2004. The analysis shows that it is necessary to introduce appropriate changes to the Polish legislation on the social security system. Simultaneously, as far as seafarers are concerned, it is desirable to consider the specificities of the work at sea, including the introduction of maritime social security as a specific type of social security, similar to French law for instance. The changes should be introduced gradually to avoid the risk of decline in the employment of Polish seafarers by EU shipowners.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Majkowska-Szulc
1

  1. Zakład Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego, Katedra Prawa Cywilnego, Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
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Abstract

This article examines the meaning and evolution of the practical implementation of the ‘genuine link’ concept over the years since the rise of the flag-of-convenience (FOC) registries in the 1920s. The author notes that while the competition between Flag States become fiercer, the regulations on ship safety, pollution prevention or shipboard working and living conditions are becoming standardized and ubiquitous. By being regulated by international instruments, in effect restricting regulatory powers of Flag States. Likewise, the enforcement of these provisions is becoming internationalized – with the omnipresence of classification societies and introduction of PSC regimes. At the same time, author identifies a lack of adequate regulations in respect of employment of seafarers, most notably wages and social security contributions, both at the national (Flag State) and international level. This legal loophole encourages Port States to introduce local solutions, irrespective of Flag State regulations. Such developments weaken the ‘genuineness’ of the ‘genuine link’ between ship and its Flag State.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Krężel
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Abstract

This article introduces a groundwater vulnerability assessment model that utilises the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) in the Wadi AlHasa catchment, Jordan. The assessment takes into account both geomorphological and hydrogeological variables, employing a comprehensive methodology that integrates various parameters. To evaluate the catchment, the study employs remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The analysis of the digital elevation model enables the creation of a map illustrating the diverse geomorphology of the catchment. This geomorphology significantly influences drainage density, direction, and the spatial distribution and intensity of flash flood events. Moreover, the study develops and maps a fuzzy FAHP DRASTIC vulnerability index, which proves to be a valuable tool for assessing the susceptibility of groundwater resources to contamination. The unique feature of the index is its ability to incorporate uncertain or subjective data, providing a means to evaluate the significance of various influencing factors. This information serves as critical support for decision-making and management efforts geared towards safeguarding and enhancing groundwater resources. Within the study area, the DRASTIC vulnerability index values span from 0.08325 to 0.28409, with 18% of the site exhibiting a high vulnerability rate. Additionally, the article implements a managed aquifer recharge model (MAR), with 31% of the area falling into MAR classes. Among these, 22.1% are classified as a high MAR class, while 0.7% belong to a very high MAR class. These findings underscore the feasibility of MAR projects in regions with limited water resources.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alsharifa Hind Mohammad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Taleb Odeh
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mahmoud Abualhaijaa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Khaldoun Shatanawi
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Maha Halalshe
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The University of Jordan, Water, Energy, and Environment Center, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
  2. The Hashemite University, Department of Water Management and Environment, Prince Al Hassan bin Talal College for Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 330127, 13133 Zarqa, Jordan
  3. The University of Jordan, School of Engineering, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan

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