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Number of results: 14
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Abstract

The aim of the paper is to present the hydrodynamic, mass transfer and illumination characteristics of a laboratory helical-tube photobioreactor Biostat PBR-2S, commercially available and used in many laboratories in Poland and worldwide. The investigated hydrodynamics parameters were: mean liquid circulation rate, liquid velocity/residence time in the tubular part of the apparatus and mixing time, measured in the wide range of rotary speed of the circulation pump. The influence of the aeration intensity on these parameters was also checked. The volumetric oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer coefficients in the liquid phase and their dependency on the liquid circulation rate and gas inflow rate were determined. The experiments were performed in tap water and then in a real three-phase cultivation broth at the end of thermophilic cyanobacteria T. synechococus growth. For the final evaluation of the tested PBR there were series of test cultivations run under different conditions of illumination. The highest final concentration of the biomass of tested cyanobacteria reached the relatively high value of 4.38 g/dm3 of the dry biomass, although the process conditions were not fully optimized. The laboratory photobioreactor PBR-2S proved to be a good tool for investigations of microalgae cultivation processes. The presented results and practical observations may help to analyze and understand the mutual influence of the specific process parameters in the described PBR, especially during autotrophic organism cultivations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Gluszcz
Anna Klepacz-Smółka
Stanisław Ledakowicz
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the formation of the WF coefficient in coal excavations. The WF coefficient determines the share of the wet surface of the excavation sidewall. The wet part of the excavation sidewall is covered partly by the water film, which evaporates, lowering the temperature of this surface. This coefficient is one of the principal parameters used in forecasting the changes in temperature and humidity of the mine air occurring on the way of contact between the excavation sidewall and the flowing air. During the determination of the coefficient value, the criterion of equality of the actual and forecasted ratios of sensible heat to total heat was assumed in the research methodology. Values of the WF coefficient in the examined excavations generally vary within the range of 0,1-0,6, and they are mostly dependent on the parameters related to the period of ventilation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Smołka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Recently, significant progress has been made in experimental studies on the flow of wet steam, measuring techniques based on recording the phenomenon of extinction of light and ultrasound have been elaborated or improved. The basic value experimentally determined in the final stage was the content of the liquid phase defined as the wetness fraction. The methodology of tests and experimental investigations was presented, as well as the applied and developed measurement systems. Next, some developed designs of new ultrasonic and light extinction measuring probe and their modifications are described. The article presents also some examples of applications of the developed measurement techniques in application to experimental research conducted on wet steam. Examples of comparison between experimental and numerical tests for the extinction method are also provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Majkut
Sławomir Dykas
Krystian Smołka
Keywords Fan CFD Cyclorotor
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Staśko
1
Mirosław Majkut
1
Sławomir Dykas
1
Krystian Smołka
1

  1. Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

This study presents the results of concentrations of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY ), uranium (U), and thorium (Th) in ashes from combustion/co-combustion of biomass (20%, 40%, and 60% share) from the agri-food industry (pomace from apples, walnut shells, and sunflower husks) and hard coal. The study primarily focuses on ashes from the co-combustion of biomass and hard coal, in terms of their potential use for the recovery of rare earth elements (REE ), and the identification of the sources of these elements in the ashes. Research methods such as ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and SEM -EDS (scanning electron microscopy with quantitative X-ray microanalysis) were used. The total average content of REY in ash from biomass combustion is 3.55–120.5 mg/kg, and in ash from co-combustion, it is from 187.3 to 73.5 mg/kg. The concentration of critical REE in biomass combustion ash is in the range 1.0–38.7 mg/kg, and in cocombustion ash it is 23.3–60.7 mg/kg. In hard-coal ash, the average concentration of REY and critical REY was determined at the level of 175 and 45.3 mg/kg, respectively. In all samples of the tested ashes, a higher concentration of Th (0.2–14.8 mg/kg) was found in comparison to U (0.1–6 mg/kg). In ashes from biomass and hard-coal combustion/co-combustion, the range of the prospective coefficient (Coutl) is 0.66–0.82 and 0.8–0.85, respectively, which may suggest a potential source for REE recovery. On the basis of SEM -EDS studies, yttrium was found in particles of ashes from biomass combustion, which is mainly bound to carbonates. The carriers of REY , U, and Th in ashes from biomass and hard-coal co-combustion are phosphates (monazite and xenotime), and probably the vitreous aluminosilicate substance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Adamczyk
1
Danuta Smołka-Danielowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Krzątała
1
Tomasz Krzykawski
1

  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Besides centrifugal pumps, centrifugal fans are the most common turbomachines used in technical applications. They are commonly used in power engineering systems, such as heat engines and chillers, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, supply and exhaust air systems. They are also used as machines consuming final energy (electricity). Therefore, any improvement in their efficiency affects the efficiency of energy generation and the level of electricity consumption. Many efforts have been made so far to find the most efficient numerical method of modelling flows in fans. However, only a few publications focus on the unsteadiness that may have an impact on device efficiency and noise generation. This paper presents an attempt to identify unsteadiness in the flow through a centrifugal fan by means of computational fluid dynamics and computational aeroacoustics methods. The works were performed using the Ansys CFX commercial software and the results of numerical studies are compared with experimental data.
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Bibliography

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[2] Fortuna S., Sobczak K.: Numerical and experimental investigations of the flow in radial fan. Mechanics 27(2008), 4, 138–143
[3] Moon Y.J., Cho Y., Nam H.S.: Computation of unsteady viscous flow and aeroacoustic noise of the cross flow fan. Comput. Fluids 32(2003), 7, 995–1015.
[4] Rulik S., Dykas S., Wroblewski W.: Modelling of aerodynamic noise using hybrid SAS and DES methods. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Glasgow, June 14–18, 2010, 7(2010), 2835–2844., GT2010-2269.
[5] Stasko T., Dykas S., Majkut M., Smolka K.: An attempt to evaluate the cycloidal rotor fan performance. Open J. Fluid Dynam. 9(2019), 4.
[6] Benedek T., Vad J.: Beamforming based extension of semi-empirical noise modelling for low-speed axial flow fans. Appl. Acoust. 178(2021), 108018.
[7] Jiang H., Wang Q., Zheng T.F., Tu C.X., Zhang K.: PIV measurement of internal flow field in a range hood. In: Energy and Mechanical Engineering (S.Y. Liang, Ed.), 2015 Int. Conf. on Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan, 17-18 Oct. 2015, World Scientific, 2016, 570–575.
[8] Probst M., Pritz B.: Quantitative validation of CFD-simulation against PIV data for a centrifugal fan. In: Proc. 14th Int. Symp. on Experimental Computational Aerothermodynamics of Internal Flows, Gdansk 8-11 July 2019.
[9] Neise W., Michel U.: Aerodynamic Noise of Turbomachines. DLR-Interner Bericht, Berlin 1994.
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[14] Blazquez-Navarro R., Corral R.: Prediction of fan acoustic blockage on fan/outlet guide vane broadband interaction noise using frequency domain linearized Navier–Stokes solvers. J. Sound Vib. 508(2021), 116033.
[15] Ffowcs-Williams J.E., Hawkings D.L.: Sound generation by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion. Philos. T.R. Soc. Lond. S-A, 264(1969), 1151, 321–342.
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[18] Ansys Fluent Theory Guide, 2021R1. https://www.ansys.com (acessed 1 July 12021).
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Authors and Affiliations

Balazs Pritz
1
Matthias Probst
1
Piotr Wiśniewski
2
Sławomir Dykas
2
Mirosław Majkut
2
Krystian Smołka
2

  1. Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12 D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
  2. Department of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery, Silesian University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The paper focused on the co-production of high-value-added product thermostable C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and biomass, further utilized in pyrolysis. The photobiosynthesis of CPC was carried out by the thermophilic cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC6715 cultivated in the helical and flat panel photobioreactors (PBR). Despite the application of different inorganic carbon sources, both PBRs were characterized by the same growth efficiency and similar C-PC concentration in biomass. To release the intracellular C-PC the biomass was concentrated and disintegrated by the freeze-thaw method. The crude C-PC was then further purified by foam fractionation (FF), aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), membrane techniques (UF) and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Each of the tested methods can be used separately; however, from a practical and economic point of view, a three-stage purification system (FF, FPLC and UF) was proposed. The purity ratio of the final C-PC was about 3.9, which allows it to be classified as a reactive grade. To improve the profitability of 3G biorefinery, the solid biomass residue was used as a substrate to pyrolysis process, which leads to production of additional chemicals in the form of oils, gas (containing e.g. H 2) and biochar.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Ledakowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Antecka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pawel Gluszcz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Klepacz-Smolka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Pietrzyk
1
Rafal Szelag
1
Radoslaw Slezak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maurycy Daroch
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Wolczanska 213, 93-005 Lodz, Poland
  2. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Abstract

In this study, an analysis of the optical performance of two types of distributed Bragg reflector structures based on GaAs and InP material systems was carried out. The structures were designed for maximum performance at 4 µm with their reflectivity achieving between 80 and 90% with eight pairs of constituent layers. To further enhance the performance of these structures, additional Au layers were added at the bottom of the structure with Ti pre-coating applied to improve the adhesivity of the Au to the semiconductor substrate. The optimal range of Ti layer thickness resulting in the improvement of the maximum reflectivity was determined to be in between 5 and 15 nm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Mikulicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mikołaj Badura
2
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rygała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tristan Smołka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Macherzyński
2
ORCID: ORCID
Adriana Łozińska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Motyka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Department of Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland

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