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Optimization of Injection Moulding Process via Design of Experiment (DOE) Method based on Rice Husk (RH) Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composite Properties

Haliza Jaya Nik Noriman Zulkepli Mohd Firdaus Omar Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Marcin Nabiałek Kinga Jeż Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 719-727 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137810

Keywords injection moulding Design of Experiments (DOE) Central Composite Design response surface methodology (RSM) shrinkage tensile strength

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Abstract

Optimal parameters setting of injection moulding (IM) machine critically effects productivity, quality, and cost production of end products in manufacturing industries. Previously, trial and error method were the most common method for the production engineers to meet the optimal process injection moulding parameter setting. Inappropriate injection moulding machine parameter settings can lead to poor production and quality of a product. Therefore, this study was purposefully carried out to overcome those uncertainty. This paper presents a statistical technique on the optimization of injection moulding process parameters through central composite design (CCD). In this study, an understanding of the injection moulding process and consequently its optimization is carried out by CCD based on three parameters (melt temperature, packing pressure, and cooling time) which influence the shrinkage and tensile strength of rice husk (RH) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. Statistical results and analysis are used to provide better interpretation of the experiment. The models are form from analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the model passed the tests for normality and independence assumptions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Haliza Jaya

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nik Noriman Zulkepli

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Firdaus Omar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Nabiałek

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kinga Jeż

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kampus Alam Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Experimental investigation of chopped steel wool fiber at various ratio reinforced cementitious composite panels

Akrm A. Rmdan Amer Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Yun Ming Liew Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Hetham A.R. Amer

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 661-671 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138076

Keywords Steel fibers Chopped steel wool fiber Cementitious composites panels Load carrying capacity

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Abstract

The flexural toughness of chopped steel wool fiber reinforced cementitious composite panels was investigated. Reinforced cementitious composite panels were produced by mixing of chopped steel wool fiber with a ratio range between 0.5% to 6.0% and 0.5% as a step increment of the total mixture weight, where the cement to sand ratio was 1:1.5 with water to cement ratio of 0.45. The generated reinforced cementitious panels were tested at 28 days in terms of load-carrying capacity, deflection capacities, post-yielding effects, and flexural toughness. The inclusion of chopped steel wool fiber until 4.5% resulted in gradually increasing load-carrying capacity and deflection capacities while, provides various ductility, which would simultaneously the varying of deflection capability in the post-yielding stage. Meanwhile, additional fiber beyond 4.5% resulted in decreased maximum load-carrying capacity and increase stiffness at the expense of ductility. Lastly, the inclusion of curves gradually.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Akrm A. Rmdan Amer

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yun Ming Liew

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir

2

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hetham A.R. Amer

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Geopolymer & Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
Omar Al-Mukhtar Universiti, Civil Engineering Department, Libya

Influence of Filler Surface Modification on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Responses of Rice Husk Reinforced Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

Mohd Firdaus Omar Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Sam Sung Ting B. Jeż M. Nabiałek Hazizan Md Akil Nik Noriman Zulkepli Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Azida Azmi

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 507-519 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137784

Keywords Silane coupling agents strain rate Universal testing machine split Hopkinson pressure bar Strain rate sensitivity

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Abstract

Filler surface modification has become an essential approach to improve the compatibility problem between natural fillers and polymer matrices. However, there is limited work that concerns on this particular effect under dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, in this study, both untreated and treated low linear density polyethylene/rice husk composites were tested under static (0.001 s ^–1, 0.01 s ^–1 and 0.1 s ^–1) and dynamic loading rates (650 s ^–1, 900 s ^–1 and 1100 s ^–1) using universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment, respectively. Rice husk filler was modified using silane coupling agents at four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7% weight percentage of silane) at room temperature. This surface modification was experimentally proven by Fourier transform infrared and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results show that strength properties, stiffness properties and yield behaviour of treated composites were higher than untreated composites. Among the treated composites, the 5% silane weight percentage composite shows the optimum mechanical properties. Besides, the rate of sensitivity of both untreated and treated composites also shows great dependency on strain rate sensitivity with increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the thermal activation volume shows contrary trend. For fracture surface analysis, the results show that the treated LLDPE/RH composites experienced less permanent deformation as compared to untreated LLDPE/RH composites. Besides, at dynamic loading, the fracture surface analysis of the treated composites showed good attachment between RH and LLDPE.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Firdaus Omar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sam Sung Ting

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

B. Jeż

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Nabiałek

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hazizan Md Akil

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nik Noriman Zulkepli

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Azida Azmi

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),Centre of Excellent Geopolymer & Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes-Woven Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Laminated Composites via the Electrospray Deposition Method

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria Nur Aishahatul Syafiqa Mohammad Khairuddin Mohd Firdaus Omar Hazizan Md Akil Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Sam Sung Ting Azida Azmi

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 669-675 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137804

Keywords Glass fibre carbon nanotubes Hybrid Material Epoxy Laminated Composites

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Abstract

Herein, the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mechanical and dielectric performance of hybrid carbon nanotube-woven glass fiber (GF) reinforced epoxy laminated composited are investigated. CNTs are deposited on woven GF surface using an electrospray deposition method which is rarely reported in the past. The woven GF deposited with CNT and without deposited with CNT are used to produce epoxy laminated composites using a vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding. The tensile, flexural, dielectric constant and dielectric loss properties of the epoxy laminated composites were then characterized. The results confirm that the mechanical and dielectric properties of the woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminated composited increases with the addition of CNTs. Field emission scanning electron microscope is used to examine the post damage analysis for all tested specimens. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on GF based products.

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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nur Aishahatul Syafiqa Mohammad Khairuddin

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Firdaus Omar

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hazizan Md Akil

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sam Sung Ting

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Azida Azmi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Chemical Sciences, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties in the Presence of Glas Bubble in Fly Ash Geopolymer Paste

Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Norsuria Mahmed Liew Yun Ming Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Ikmal Hakem A Aziz Aeslina Abdul Kadir Andrei Victor Sandu Mohd Fathullah Ghazali

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 221-226 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137493

Keywords glass bubble thermal insulation geopolymers fly ash

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Abstract

The density, compressive strength, and thermal insulation properties of fly ash geopolymer paste are reported. Novel insulation material of glass bubble was used as a replacement of fly ash binder to significantly enhance the mechanical and thermal properties compared to the geopolymer paste. The results showed that the density and compressive strength of 50% glass bubble was 1.45 g/cm3 and 42.5 MPa, respectively, meeting the standard requirement for structural concrete. Meanwhile, the compatibility of 50% glass bubbles tested showed that the thermal conductivity (0.898 W/mK), specific heat (2.141 MJ/m3K), and thermal diffusivity (0.572 mm2/s) in meeting the same requirement. The improvement of thermal insulation properties revealed the potential use of glass bubbles as an insulation material in construction material.

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Authors and Affiliations

Noor Fifinatasha Shahedan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Norsuria Mahmed

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Liew Yun Ming

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ikmal Hakem A Aziz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aeslina Abdul Kadir

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrei Victor Sandu

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Fathullah Ghazali

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolyme & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Johor, Malaysia
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania

Crumb rubber geopolymer mortar at elevated temperature exposure

Ahmad Azrem Azmi Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali Romisuhani Ahmad Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Mohammad A. Almadani Jerzy J. Wysłocki Agata Śliwa Andre Victor Sandu

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 97-105 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141875

Keywords fly ash geopolymer crumb rubber elevated temperature exposure

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Abstract

Low calcium fly ash is used as the main material in the mixture and the crumb rubber was used in replacing fine aggregates in geopolymer mortar. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) which were high alkaline solution were incorporated as the alkaline solution. The fly ash reacted with the alkaline solution forming alumino-silicate gel that binds the aggregate to produce a geopolymer mortar. The loading of crumb rubber in the fly ash based geopolymer mortar was set at 0% (CRGM-0), 5% (CRGM-5), 10% (CRGM-10), 15% (CRGM-15), and 20% (CRGM-20), respectively. NaOH solution (12M) and Na2SiO3 solution ratio is set constant at 2.5 for all geopolymer mixture and the fly ash to alkali activator ratio was kept at 2.0. The CRGM at 28 days of curing time was exposed to elevated temperature at 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C. The weight loss of the CRGM increases with increasing temperature at all elevated temperatures. However, the density and compressive strength of CRGM decrease with an increase of crumb rubber loading for all elevated temperature exposure. The compressive strength of CRGM reduced due to the fact that rubber decomposes between 200°C and 600°C thereby creating voids. CRGM-15 and CRGM-20 showed cracks developed with rough surface at 800°C. Image obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that, the CRGM changed significantly due to the decomposition of crumb rubber and evaporation of the free water at 400°C, 600°C and 800°C.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmad Azrem Azmi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Romisuhani Ahmad

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohammad A. Almadani

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jerzy J. Wysłocki

6

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agata Śliwa

7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andre Victor Sandu

8

e-mail:

ORCID:

Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering – Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 41 D. Mangeron St., 700050 Iasi, Romania

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Optimization of Injection Moulding Process via Design of Experiment (DOE) Method based on Rice Husk (RH) Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composite Properties

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Experimental investigation of chopped steel wool fiber at various ratio reinforced cementitious composite panels

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Influence of Filler Surface Modification on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Responses of Rice Husk Reinforced Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Composites

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes-Woven Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Laminated Composites via the Electrospray Deposition Method

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties in the Presence of Glas Bubble in Fly Ash Geopolymer Paste

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Crumb rubber geopolymer mortar at elevated temperature exposure

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations