In 1993 Engle and Kozicki proposed the notion of common features of which one example is a serial correlation common feature. We say that stationary, non-innovation processes exhibit common serial correlation when there exists at least one linear combination of them which is an innovation. Later on in 1993 Vahid and Engle combined the notions of cointegration among I(1) processes with common serial correlation within their first differences. It is commonly known that cointegrated time series have vector error correction (VEC) representation. The existence of common serial correlation leads to an additional reduced rank restriction imposed on the VEC model’s parameters. This type of restriction was later termed a strong form (SF) reduced rank structure, as opposed to a weak one introduced in 2006 by Hecq, Palm and Urbain.

The main aim of the present paper is to construct the Bayesian vector error correction model with these additional strong form restrictions.

The empirical validity of investigating both the short- and long-run co-movements between macroeconomic time series will be illustrated by the analysis of the price-wage nexus in the Polish economy.

In the paper a heating system with a vapour compressor heat pump and vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger for small residential house is considered. A mathematical model of the system: heated object - vapour compressor heat pump - ground heat exchanger is presented shortly. The system investigated is equipped, apart from the heat pump, with the additional conventional source of heat. The processes taking place in the analyzed system are of unsteady character. The model consists of three elements; the first containing the calculation model of the space to be heated, the second - the vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger with the adjoining area of the ground. The equations for the elements of vapour compressor heat pump form the third element of the general model. The period of one heating season is taken into consideration. The results of calculations for two variants of the ground heat exchanger are presented and compared. These results concern variable in time parameters at particular points of the system and energy consumption during the heating season. This paper presents the mutual influence of the ground heat exchanger subsystem, elements of vapour compressor heat pump and heated space.

This paper proposes a methodology based on installation cost for locating the optimal position of interline power flow controller (IPFC) in a power system network. Here both conventional and non conventional optimization tools such as LR and ABC are applied. This methodology is formulated mathematically based on installation cost of the FACTS device and active power generation cost. The capability of IPFC to control the real and reactive power simultaneously in multiple transmission lines is exploited here. Apart from locating the optimal position of IPFC, this algorithm is used to find the optimal dispatch of the generating units and the optimal value of IPFC parameters. IPFC is modeled using Power Injection (PI) model and incorporated into the problem formulation. This proposed method is compared with that of conventional LR method by validating on standard test systems like 5-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems. A detailed discussion on power flow and voltage profile improvement is carried out which reveals that incorporating IPFC into power system network in its optimal location significantly enhance the load margin as well as the reliability of the system.

The paper offers a reappraisal of the Puławy collection’s display through a detailed analysis of Virgilian evocations within the complex. The choice of inscriptions and ancient imagery framing the exposition’s narrative, as well as the surviving reception testimonies towards such strategies within Pulavian pavilions, demonstrate an ongoing questioning of chronological sequences, the primacy of authenticity, and aestheticising exhibits. Such anachronic distancing from a historicizing temporality would take place in favour of an intimate experience of familial-cum-national memorabilia, in accordance with the contemporaneously emerging category of the fetish.

This article explores the beginnings of Polish press studies. The boundaries of the early history of the discipline are fixed by reference to some important events; the period itself is divided into two phases. The first, dominated by mere description, was followed by a second phase characterized by the appearance of aggregate data and more theory-oriented approach. The aim of the article is to recount the research in this field, and to refine and verify some of its elements