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Structure of 22Cr25NiWCoCu Austenitic Stainless Steel After Ageing

M. Sroka A. Zieliński T. Puszczało K. Sówka B. Hadzima
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137486
Keywords 22Cr25NiWCoCu steel microstructure precipitates ageing
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Abstract

The 22Cr25NiWCoCu austenitic stainless steel was developed by AB Sandvik Material Technology in Sweden. Due to its high creep strength and good corrosion resistance, this material is well suited for use in superheaters in advanced coal-fired power boilers as well as in other types of steam boilers using various types of fuel. The examined material was subject to long-term ageing for the time of annealing up to 20 000 h at 700 and 750°C. Precipitation processes and microstructure stability as-received and after ageing were investigated. Examination of the microstructure was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The identification of secondary phases was carried out by X-ray phase composition.
Using the results of the investigations of precipitation processes in the microstructure, both within the grains and at the grain boundaries, their statistical analysis was carried out. To illustrate this impact, the following parameters were used: surface area and equivalent diameter of precipitates. Based on the surface area measurements, the percentage of the phase in the reviewed photo’s total area was calculated.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Sroka
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Zieliński
2
ORCID: ORCID
T. Puszczało
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
K. Sówka
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
B. Hadzima
4
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, S. Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, K. Miarki 12-14, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  3. ZRE, ul. Gen. Jankego 13, 40-615 Katowice, Poland
  4. University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia

Jerzy Jedlicki (1930-2018)

Maciej Janowski
Historie. Jahrbuch des Zentrums für Historische Forschung Berlin der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | 2019 | Folge 12 : Krieg und Frieden | 175-180
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Abstract

Jerzy Jedlicki was one of the most prominent Polish historians, whose activity extended to more spheres of intellectual and public life. His works dealing, for instance, with Polish intelligentsia in the nineteenth century, have importantly contributed to Polish historiography and intellectual life. The pro memoria note focuses on Jedlicki as a lecturer, a historian with a widely-recognised output, and a political commentator. Although of expressly leftist views, Jedlicki remained open-minded for other ideological views and interpretations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Janowski

Efficient Wireless Sensor Network for Radiation Detection in Nuclear Sites

Sherief Hashima Imbaby Mahmoud
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.135961
Keywords Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Radiation detection Multi-armed bandit (MAB) Thomson sampling Network lifetime
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Abstract

Due to the severe damages of nuclear accidents, there is still an urgent need to develop efficient radiation detection wireless sensor networks (RDWSNs) that precisely monitor irregular radioactivity. It should take actions that mitigate the severe costs of accidental radiation leakage, especially around nuclear sites that are the primary sources of electric power and many health and industrial applications. Recently, leveraging machine learning (ML) algorithms to RDWSNs is a promising solution due to its several pros, such as online learning and self-decision making. This paper addresses novel and efficient ML-based RDWSNs that utilize millimeter waves (mmWaves) to meet future network requirements. Specifically, we leverage an online learning multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithm called Thomson sampling (TS) to a 5G enabled RDWSN to efficiently forward the measured radiation levels of the distributed radiation sensors within the monitoring area. The utilized sensor nodes are lightweight smart radiation sensors that are mounted on mobile devices and measure radiation levels using software applications installed in these mobiles. Moreover, a battery aware TS (BATS) algorithm is proposed to efficiently forward the sensed radiation levels to the fusion decision center. BA-TS reflects the remaining battery of each mobile device to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results ensure the proposed BA-TS algorithm’s efficiency regards throughput and network lifetime over TS and exhaustive search method.
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Bibliography

[1] R. Elhabyan, W. Shi and M. St-Hilaire, ”Coverage protocols for wireless sensor networks: Review and future directions,” Journal of Communications and Networks, 21, (1), 45-60, Feb. 2019, DOI: 10.1109/JCN.2019.000005.
[2] X. Ge, Q. Han, X. Zhang, L. Ding and F. Yang, ”Distributed Event-Triggered Estimation Over Sensor Networks: A Survey,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 50 (3), 1306-1320, March 2020, DOI: 10.1109/TCYB.2019.2917179.
[3] International ATomic Energy Authority (IAEA) accident reports available online, https://www.iaea.org/topics/accident-reports.
[4] R. R. Kumar, L. Macwin and R. Rathna, ”Nuclear radiation detection using Wireless Sensor Network,” 2015 International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), Coimbatore, 2015, pp. 1-4, DOI: 10.1109/ICIIECS. 2015.7192790.
[5] R. Dersch,Primary and secondary measurements of 222Rn, Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 60, Issues 2–4, 2004, Pages 387-39, 2004, DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2003.11.046.
[6] Drew, Christina Grace, Deirdre Silbernagel, Susan Hemmings, Erin Smith, Alan Griffith, William Takaro, Tim Faustman, Elaine, ”Nuclear Waste Transportation: Case Studies of Identifying Stakeholder Risk Information Needs”. Environmental Health Perspectives, 111, 263- 72, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5203.
[7] Manar, M.K., Mohamed, S., Hashima, S., Imbaby, I.M., Amal-Eldin, M., Nesreen, I. “Hardware Implementation for Pileup Correction Algorithms in Gamma Ray Spectroscopy. International Journal of Computer Applications, 176, 43-48, 2017. DOI: 10.5120/ijca2017915634
[8] Bensaleh, Mohammed Saida, Raoudha Hadj kacem, Yessine Abid, Mohamed. ”Wireless Sensor Network Design Methodologies: A Survey”. Journal of Sensors, pp.1-13, 2020. DOI: 10.1155/2020/9592836.
[9] B. Xing, R. Ding and J. Wang, ”Design of Wireless Sensor Network for Protection of X-Ray Detection,” 2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS), Shenyang, 2013, pp. 282-285, DOI: 10.1109/ICINIS.2013.79.
[10] M. Altayeb, M. Mekki, O. Abdallah, A. B. Mustafa and S. Abdalla, ”Automobile and fixed wireless sensor network for radiation detection,” 2015 International Conference on Computing, Control, Networking, Electronics and Embedded Systems Engineering (ICCNEEE), Khartoum, 2015, pp. 199-202, DOI: 10.1109/ICCNEEE.2015.7381361.
[11] C. Liu, P. -. Drouin, G. St-Jean, M. D´eziel and D. Waller, ”Wireless Radiation Sensor Network with directional radiation detectors,” IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), Seattle, WA, pp. 1-6, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431111.
[12] Jianxin Sun, ”Radiation detection using mobile sensor networks”, PhD thesis, University of Delaware, Spring 2016.
[13] Ding, Fei Zhang, Deng-yin Wang, Wanping Lei, Zhenzhong. (2018). ”A Low Complexity Active Sensing and Inspection System for Monitoring of Moveable Radiation Environments”. Journal of Sensors, 2018, 1-9. 10.1155/2018/8096012.
[14] M. S. Muktadir, S. Islam and A. R. Alam Chowdhury, ”Development of a Wireless Safety System Based on Multiple Radiation Detector for Nuclear Facilities,” International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST), Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 539- 542, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/ICREST.2019.8644312.
[15] Vasile Buruian˘a, Mihaela Oprea. A Microcontroller-Based Radiation Monitoring and Warning System. 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI), Sep 2012, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33412-2 39.
[16] Barbar´an, Javier D´ıaz, a Esteve, I˜naki Rubio, Bartolom´e. RadMote: a mobile framework for radiation monitoring in nuclear power plants, 2007.
[17] S. Duraisamy, G. K. Pugalendhi and P. Balaji, ”Reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks using rules and extreme learning machine algorithm,” The Journal of Engineering, vol. 2019, no. 9, pp. 5443-5448, 2019, DOI: 10.1049/joe.2018.5288.
[18] Thompson, William R. ”On the Likelihood That One Unknown Probability Exceeds Another in View of the Evidence of Two Samples.” Biometrika 25, no. 3/4, 1933. DOI: 10.2307/2332286.
[19] F. Wilhelmi, C. Cano, G. Neu, B. Bellalta, A. Jonsson, and S. Barrachina-Mu˜noz, “Collaborative spatial reuse in wireless networks via selfish multi-armed bandits,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 88, pp. 129–141, 10 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.01.006.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sherief Hashima
1
Imbaby Mahmoud
2
  1. Engineering Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
  2. Radiation Engineering Dept., National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt

Symmetrical and asymmetrical imino-naphthalimides in perovskite solar cells

Mateusz Korzec Sonia Kotowicz Agnieszka K. Pająk Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 4 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.139755
Keywords naphthalimides perovskite solar cells Schiff base imine
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Abstract

In perovskite solar cells, series of symmetrical and asymmetrical imino-naphthalimides were tested as hole-transporting materials. The compounds exhibited high thermal stability at the temperature of the beginning of thermal decomposition above 300 °C. Obtained imino-naphthalimides were electrochemically active and their adequate energy levels confirm the application possibility in the perovskite solar cells. Imino-naphthalimides were absorbed with the maximum wavelength in the range from 331 nm to 411 nm and emitted light from the blue spectral region in a chloroform solution. The presented materials were tested in the perovskite solar cells devices with a construction of FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perovskite/ HTM/Au. For comparison, the reference perovskite cells were also performed (without hole-transporting materials layer). Of all the proposed materials tested as hole-transporting materials, the bis-(imino-naphthalimide) containing in core the triphenylamine structure showed a power conversion efficiency at 1.10% with a short-circuit current at 1.86 mA and an open-circuit voltage at 581 mV.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Korzec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sonia Kotowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka K. Pająk
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland
  2. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymont St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  3. Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland

Compact Coplanar-fed Tree-shaped Antenna

Małgorzata Malinowska Marek Kitliński
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2019 | vol. 65 | No 2 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2019.126298
Keywords broadband antenna fractal antenna reflection coefficient defected ground structure coplanar waveguide
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Abstract

The paper presents the concept of a fully planar treeshaped antenna with quasi-fractal geometry. The shape of the proposed radiator is based on a multi-resonant structure. Developed planar tree has symmetrical branches with different length and is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with modified edge of the ground plane. The antenna of size 29 mm x25 mm has been designed on Taconic - RF-35 substrate (r = 3.5, tg= 0.0018, h = 0.762 mm). The paper shows simulated and measured characteristics of return loss, as well as measured radiation patterns. The proposed antenna could be a good candidate for broadband applications (for instance: wideband imaging for medical application and weather monitoring radars in satellite communication etc.)

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Malinowska
Marek Kitliński

Modified Bohm’s theory for abstruse measurements: application to layer depth profiling using auger spectroscopy

E. Rówiński M. Pietruszka
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 1 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.126234
Keywords carbon desorption depth profile layers NiTi oxygen adsorption
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Abstract

Modified Bohm’s formalism was applied to solve the problem of abstruse layer depth profiles measured by the Auger electron spectroscopy technique in real physical systems. The desorbed carbon/passive layer on an NiTi substrate and the adsorbed oxygen/ surface of an NiTi alloy were studied. It was shown that the abstruse layer profiles can be converted to real layer structures using the modified Bohm’s theory, where the quantum potential is due to the Auger electron effect. It is also pointed out that the stationary probability density predicts the multilayer structures of the abstruse depth profiles that are caused by the carbon desorption and oxygen adsorption processes. The criterion for a kind of break or “cut” between the physical and unphysical multilayer systems was found. We conclude with the statement that the physics can also be characterised by the abstruse measurement and modified Bohm’s formalism.

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Authors and Affiliations

E. Rówiński
M. Pietruszka

Nanocrystalline Cr/CrN and Ti/TiN multilayer coatings produced by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature

J.M. Lackner W. Waldhauser L. Major J. Morgiel M. Kot B. Major
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2006 | vol. 54 | No 2 | 175-180
Keywords coatings multilayers laser ablation depositional microstructure TEM tribology
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Abstract

Mechanical components and tools in modern industry are facing increasing performance requirements leading to the growing need for advanced materials and thus, for modern frictional systems. In the last decades, the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) has emerged as an unique tool to grow high quality mono- as well as multilayers surfaces in metallic/ceramic systems. Building up a knowledge base of tribological properties of industrially-scaled, room temperature deposited PLD hard coatings are the most important step for the application of these coatings in engineering design. Although single-layer coatings find a range of applications, there are an increasing number of applications where the properties of a single material are not sufficient. One way to surmount this problem is to use a multilayer coating. Application of metallic interlayers improves adhesion of nitride hard layer in multilayer systems, which has been used in PVD processes for many years, however, the PLD technique gives new possibilities to produce system comprising many bilayers at room temperature. Tribological coatings consisted of 2, 4 and 16 bilayers of Cr/CrN and Ti/TiN type were fabricated with the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique in the presented work. It is found in transmission electron examinations on thin foils prepared from cross-section that both nitride-based multilayer structures studied are characterized by small columnar crystallite sizes and high defect density, what might rise their hardness but compromise coating adhesion. The intermediate metallic layers contained larger sized and less defective columnar structure compared to the nitride layers, which should improve the coatings toughness. Switching from single layer to multi-layer metal/nitride composition improved resistance to delamination.

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Authors and Affiliations

J.M. Lackner
W. Waldhauser
L. Major
J. Morgiel
M. Kot
B. Major

Complicated burden

Marcin Kula
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne | 2011 | vol. 41 | 175–180
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Abstract

Article is a review of Maciej Bugajewski’s book Brzemię przeszłości. Zło jako przedmiot interpretacji historycznej
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Kula
ORCID: ORCID

Foreign Scientific Centers of the Polish Academy of Sciences: possibilities, limitations and expectations

Roman Słowiński
Nauka | 2021 | No 2 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2021.136321
Keywords Polish Academy of Sciences foreign scientific centers international scientific cooperation
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Abstract

For many years, the Polish Academy of Sciences has been undertaking activities aimed at increasing the international importance of Polish scientific research by establishing cooperation with international scientific institutions and supporting the participation of Polish scientists in international research programs. Currently, the Polish Academy of Sciences has six scientific centers abroad – in Paris, Rome, Vienna, Berlin, Brussels and Kiev. These institutions have different origins. The oldest ones, in Rome and Paris, continue the tradition of Polish emigration from the 19th century. These traditions are also referred to by the much younger station in Vienna, which to some extent has continued the activities of Polish diaspora organizations operating in this area since the beginning of the 20th century. The centers in Berlin and Kiev are relatively young. The first was established in 1996 as the Representation of the German Academic Exchange Service and transformed in 2006 into the Historical Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Berlin. The youngest of the centers has been operating in Kiev since 2013 under the name of the Representation “Polish Academy of Sciences” in Kiev. The Office for the Promotion of Science PolSCA in Brussels, established in 2006, has a different character. Due to its location, the specificity of this facility consists in developing scientific and scientific-technical cooperation through the promotion and expert support of Polish partners in the framework programs of the European Union. The activities of these institutions emphasize the presence of science, culture and intellectual achievements of Poland in the European research area, which is important for building the image of our country abroad. The Polish Academy of Sciences scientific centers are therefore a kind of scientific attaché of the Republic of Poland, the more so as Polish embassies in these six countries do not have such an attaché. The article analyzes the administrative, financial and legal conditions of the station's operation and the expectations towards their substantive activity from the point of view of the Academy's management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Słowiński
1
  1. Polska Akademia Nauk, wiceprezes

Professor Marian Truszczyński – orbituary

Zygmunt Pejsak
Nauka | 2020 | No 3 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2020.133744
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Authors and Affiliations

Zygmunt Pejsak

Enigmatic morphological disparity in tarsometatarsi of giant penguins from the Eocene of Antarctica

Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche Piotr Jadwiszczak
Polish Polar Research | 2011 | No 2 | 175-180 | DOI: 10.2478/v10183−011−0013−9
Keywords Antarctic Peninsula Eocene La Meseta Formation penguins Anthropornis tarsometatarsi
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Abstract

The only record of the Paleogene Antarctic Sphenisciformes comes from the Eocene La Meseta Formation (Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula). The analysis of tarso− metatarsi attributed to the genus Anthropornis (“giant” penguins) from the Argentine, Polish and Swedish collections revealed an intriguing heterogeneity within these taxonomically important elements of the skeleton. The unique hypotarsal morphology challenges the current systematics of large−bodied penguins and sheds new light on their evolution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche
Piotr Jadwiszczak

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