Humanities and Social Sciences

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej

Content

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej | 2021 | t. 24 | No 4

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Abstract

What were the beginnings of modern communication infrastructure? What is ’artificial intelli-gence’ and what it imitates in ’natural intelli-gence’? Does its accuracy, reliability and objectivity make AI the journalists’ friend or is it in fact an enemy due to the ongoing automation of editori-al and publishing work? This two-part introduction to the problem of AI in journalism discusses all those questions and the hopes and fears that are connected with the new technology
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Bibliography

Edwards A.J., Wechsler, David (1896–1981), [w:] Encyclopedia of intelligence, red. R.J. Sternberg, New York 1994, vol. 1, pp. 1134–1136.
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Kaplan A., Haenlein M., Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence, “Business Horizons” 2019, no. 62 (1).
Kiełtyka L., Wykorzystanie systemów eksperckich w zarządzaniu wiedzą, „Organizacja i Zarządzanie” 2013, nr 53.
Kobie N., Reuters is taking a big gamble on AI‑supported journalism, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/reuters‑artificial‑intelligence‑journalism‑newsroom‑ai‑lynx‑insight [dostęp: 1.08.2021].
Mainzer K, Künstliche Intelligenz — Wann übernehmen die Maschinen?, DOI 10.1007/978‑3‑662‑48453‑1, Berlin – Heidelberg 2016.
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Vernon P.A., Philip Ewart (1905–1987), [w:] Encyclopedia of human intelligence, red. R.J. Sternberg, New York 1994.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogdan Fischer
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Prawa i Ekonomii Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN ul. Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084 Kraków
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Abstract

The press never featured prominently in the private diaries of Michał Römer (1880–1945), a Polish-Lithuanian academic and politician (and every now and then editor and journalist). None-theless the diaries, which he kept for 34 years, are a veritable mine of information about the multilingual press scene in Wilno, especially between 1911 and 1915, when he was an important player in that field. For the following years and decades, down to 1945, his diaries re-main an important sources as he continued to watch, analyze and comment, in his own way, on the dramatic shifts in Poland’s and Lithuania’s multilingual press market, a process driven by political and military upheavals of 20th century.
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Bibliography

Römer M., Dzienniki, t. I –VI, Warszawa 2017–2018.
Bibliografia historii Polski XIX i XX wieku, t. III: 1865–1918, wol. I, Warszawa 2000, wol. III, Warszawa 2017.
Jurkowski R., „Gazeta Wileńska” i „Głos Kijowski” (Z dziejów polskiej prasy radykalno-‑liberalnej na Litwie i Ukrainie w 1906 roku), „Kwartalnik Historii Prasy Polskiej” 1987, nr 4, s. 59–84.
Paczkowski A., Prasa polska w latach 1918–1939, Warszawa 1980.
Sawicki J., Michał Römer a problemy narodowościowe na ziemiach byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, Toruń 1998.
Sawicki J., „Przegląd Wileński” w latach 1911–1915. Cz. 1–2, „Zapiski Historyczne” 1994, z. 4, s. 41–56; 1995, z. 1, s. 30–62.
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Zienkiewicz T., Informacje o litewskim życiu kulturalnym w „Gazecie Wileńskiej” (1906), [w:] W kręgu kultury litewskiej, red. nauk. W. Piłat, Olsztyn 1991, s. 117–127.
Žurnalistikos enciklopedija, Vilnius 1997.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Woźniakowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN, ul. Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084 Kraków (Prof. em.)
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Abstract

This article outlines the state of public debate on abortion and family planning, issues which were connected with the perception of large families with many children, as a background to the coverage of all these themes by Przyjaciółka, a mass circulation women’s weekly in the period 1956–1975. The magazine was certainly committed to the goal of raising women’s self-awareness. The emancipatory agenda was pursued systematically by information, education, and discussions of letters from readers about their personal problems, together with advice how to deal with them.
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Bibliography

Źródła archiwalne
Archiwum Akt Nowych, RSW „Prasa” Zarząd Główny, Dział Wydawniczy, Warsztat dziennikarski, treść czasopism wydawanych przez RSW „Prasa”, Analiza, k. 38–49.

Akty prawne
Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 11 maja 1956 r. w sprawie przerywania ciąży, Dz.U. 1956 r., nr 13, poz. 68.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 19 grudnia 1959 r. w sprawie przerywania ciąży, Dz.U. 1960 r., nr 2, poz. 15.
Ustawa z dnia 27 kwietnia 1956 r. o warunkach dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży, Dz.U. 1956 r., nr 12 poz. 61.

Prasa
„Przyjaciółka” 1956–1975.

Opracowania
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Iganciuk A., „Ten szkodliwy zabieg”. Dyskursy na temat aborcji w publikacjach Towarzystwa Świadomego Macierzyństwa/ Towarzystwa Planowania Rodziny (1956–1980), „Zeszyty Etnologii Wrocławskiej” 2014, nr 1 (20).
Jakubowska W., Działalność Towarzystwa Świadomego Macierzyństwa w okresie 1957– 1967, [w:] X lat Towarzystwa Świadomego Macierzyństwa, Warszawa 1967.
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Klich‑Kluczewska B., Perkowski P., Obiekty biopolityki? Zdrowie, reprodukcja i przemoc, [w:] Kobiety w Polsce 1945–1989: Nowoczesność — równouprawnienie — komunizm, red. K. Stańczak‑Wiślicz, P. Perkowski, M. Fidelis, B. Klich‑Kluczewska, Kraków 2020.
Konopka A., Strategie nacisku. Prasa kobieca w latach 1956–1959 a dostęp do w pełni legalnej aborcji w PRL‑u, [w:] Kobiety wobec dominacji i opresji, red. I. Desperak, E. Hyży, I.B. Kuźma, E. Pietrzak, Łódź 2019.
Kuźma‑Karkowska S., Walka z „babkami” o zdrowie kobiet: medykalizacja przerywania ciąży w Polsce w latach pięćdziesiątych i sześćdziesiątych XX wieku, „Polska 1944/45– 1989. Studia i Materiały” 2017, nr 15.
Maciejewska M., Aborcja w PRL‑u. Ustawa o warunkach dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży z 1956 r. w kontekście feministycznym, [w:] PRL bez uprzedzeń, red. J. Majmurek, P. Szumlewicz, Warszawa 2010.
Randall A.E., „Abortion will deprive you of happiness!” Soviet reproductive politics in the post‑Stalin era, „Journal of Women’s History” 2011, nr 23 (3).
Soja S., Zmiany w polskim prawie karnym w zakresie dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży na przestrzeni dwudziestolecia międzywojennego do czasów współczesnych, „Studia z Zakresu Nauk Prawnoustrojowych: miscellanea” 2017, t. 7.
Zajko‑Czochańska J., Sokołowska U., Listy czytelniczek do „Kobiety i Życia” i „Przyjaciółki” jako źródło badań codziennego życia kobiet w PRL, „Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych” 2020, nr 2 (9).
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Zajko-Czochańska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. doktorantka, Wydział Historii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
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Abstract

From its inception in 1958, the tourist and educational magazine “Poznaj Swój Kraj” [Discover Your Country] was never free from propaganda. Materials of this kind were usually included to mark congresses of the ruling Polish United Workers’ Party or national and state holidays. The official propaganda of success reached its climax in the 1970s. After 1981 eulogies of the socialism system receded and the focus of attention turned to tensions between industrial development and conservation.
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Bibliography

Chłosta‑Sikorska A., Między propagandą a rzeczywistością. Mieszkanki Nowej Huty w latach 1956–1970, Kraków 2019.
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Zając R.M., Czasopisma Popularnonaukowe w Polsce w latach 1945–1989, Kraków 2016.
Zaremba M., Propaganda sukcesu. Dekada Gierka, [w:] Propaganda PRL — wybrane problemy, ed. P. Semkow, Gdańsk 2002.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Rogoż
1
Agnieszka Strzałka
2

  1. Instytut Nauk o Informacji, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN ul. Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084 Kraków
  2. Instytut Filologii Angielskiej, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN, ul. Karmelicka 41, PL 30-128 Kraków
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Abstract

This article presents the results of a study aimed at reconstructing the image of the woman citizen promoted in the women’s magazines in 1989–1992, the first phase of the great transformation following the collapse of Poland’s socialist system. Within the scope of the study were high-circulation magazines (over 500,000 copies), including the two leading weeklies “Przyjaciółka” and “Kobieta i Życie”. A total of 208 issues of every magazine published in that time span were analyzed. The methods used included content and textual analysis, complemented by the examination of some recurrent topoi treated as indicators of some inexplicit (hidden) meanings, i.e. the attitudes of women to the process of reform, their role in the agenda for change, and the barriers they came up against in the public sphere.
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Bibliography

Sources
„BF” 1989–1992.
„W&L” 1989–1992.

Scientific studies
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Filas R., Dwadzieścia lat przemian polskich mediów (1989–2009) w ujęciu periodycznym, „Zeszyty Prasoznawcze” 2010, no. 3–4.
Filas R., Zmiany w czytelnictwie prasy w Polsce 1989–1992 na tle przemian oferty prasowej, [in:] Transformacja prasy polskiej (1989–1992), ed. A. Słomkowska, Warszawa 1992.
Frąckowiak‑Sochańska M., Superwomen – córki „Matek Polek”. Co zyskują i co tracą współczesne Polki realizujące wzorzec superwomen?, [in:] Ona w XXI wieku — inter-dyscyplinarny obraz kobiety, ed. M. Baranowska‑Szczepańska, Poznań 2011.
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Grabowska M., Zerwana genealogia. Działalność społeczna i polityczna kobiet po 1945 roku a współczesny polski ruch kobiecy, Warszawa 2018.
Jarowiecki J., Przekształcenia prasy polskiej w latach 1989–1995, [in:] Transformacja mediów 1989–1995, ed. A. Słomkowska, Warszawa 1996.
Małkiewicz A., Wybory czerwcowe 1989, Warszawa 1994. McLuhan M., Zrozumieć media. Przedłużenie człowieka, Warszawa 2004.
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Pawlus M., Tożsamość polskich kobiet –- pomiędzy tradycją a nowoczesnością, [in:] Waleczny duch kobiety. Społeczno‑ekonomiczne aspekty ról kobiecych, ed. K. Lendzion, O. Kotowska‑Wójcik, Warszawa 2015.
Pokorna‑Ignatowicz K., Robotnicza Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza „Prasa‑Książka‑Ruch” w polskim systemie medialnym, Kraków 2016.
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Skowronek B., Mediolingwistyka: teoria –metodologia - idea, „Postscriptum Polonistyczne” 2014, 2/14.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Szwed-Walczak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Politologii i Dziennikarstwa, Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Plac Litewski 3, PL 20-080 Lublin

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V. The period of storage of personal data of the Author(s): Personal data collected on the basis of Article 6(1)(b) of the Regulation (EU), i.e. will be processed for a maximum period of 50 years from the date of signature of the agreement.
VI. Rights of data subjects: The Author(s) have the right to: --- access their data (information about the data processed by the Administrator), including obtaining a copy of the data. The law will be implemented to the extent technically and legally possible, --- rectification (correction of data when they are not in line with the actual state), --- erasure or restriction of data processing in cases provided for by law. The personal data collected are not subject to automated decision-making, including profiling.
VII. Supervisory authority in the field of personal data: The supervisory authority for personal data is the President of the Office for the Protection of Personal Data. The Author(s), in the event that they consider that the processing of personal data violates the provisions of the Regulation, have the right to lodge a complaint to the aforementioned supervisory authority.

Publication Ethics Policy

Code of ethics

The Editorial Board of ‘Yearbook of the History of Polish Press’ (YHPP) applies core practices of publication ethics according to the guidelines of COPE – Committee on Publication Ethics. All parts involved in the publishing process (editors, authors, reviewers, and publishers) are familiarized with the practices applied in the journal.

The authors, when submitting the manuscript, must confirm their knowledge of these rules.In the case of manuscripts with multiple authors, the authors must declare who contributed to the work and in what capacity. YHPP does not accept the manuscripts that have been under consideration for publication anywhere else. Reviewers who accept to assess the manuscript must confirm the knowledge of the code of ethics (Guidelines for reviewers) as well as declare any conflict of interest.

Detailed guidelines on publication ethics applied in the journal are available at COPE website: https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines. The basic standards of ethics applied in YHPP, based on the guidelines of COPE are presented below.

Code of conduct for Editorial Board

Fair play. Submitted manuscripts are assessed based on their content without discrimination on grounds of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religious or political beliefs.

Confidentiality. All submissions are confidential. It is unacceptable to disclose their content to the third parties by anyone except if authorized by the Editor-in-Chief. Any part of manuscripts cannot be used by the persons involved in the process of reviewing and editing.

Independence of the Parties and Conflict of Interest. The selection of reviewers is carried out with the utmost care and ethical standards, and in accordance with the principle of independence of the parties. The reviewers should not be affiliated with the same academic institution as any of the authors of the manuscripts, and they cannot assess the manuscripts where a conflict of interest may occur between the reviewer and the author(s).

Prevention of ghostwriting and guest authorship. Editorial Board of YHPP feels responsible for the research reliability, and it implements the rules of prevention of ghostwriting and guest authorship. “Ghostwriting” is a phenomenon of not disclosing the name of a person who is the author or who has made a significant contribution to the submission. The significant contribution should be always reported by indicating the names of all authors or by acknowledging this person. “Guest authorship” is based on attributing to particular person authorship or co-authorship, even though her/his contribution to the publication was very little or did not happen at all. To prevent ghostwriting and guest authorship, the authors are asked to disclose each author’s contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study; the main responsibility in contribution reporting lies on the corresponding author. The Editorial Board requires a financial disclosure as well as disclosure of any support made by research institutions, associations, and any other subjects. The Editorial Board documents any manifestation of scientific misconduct, particularly violation of scientific research ethics. All cases will be revealed, and the relevant actors (i.e., institutions that employ the authors, scientific societies, scholarly editors associations, etc.).

Decisions on publication. The Editor-in-Chief takes the final decision on which materials will be and which will not be published. The Editor-in-Chief’s decision is based on the reviewers’ assessments, journal editorial policy, as well as on the legal requirements considering plagiarism and other copyright violation.

Code of conduct for Reviewers

Contribution to the work of Editorial Board. Reviewers assist in the work of the Editorial Board and they influence the decisions made by editors. They may also assist the authors in improving their manuscripts.

Qualifications and promptness. Any invited reviewer who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript, or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should immediately notify the Editorial Board.

Confidentiality. All texts submitted for publication, reviewed, and edited are confidential. It is unacceptable to disclose their content to third parties, except if authorized by the Editor-in-Chief. The content of the entrusted editorial staff and reviewed texts may not be used in any form by persons involved in the editing and reviewing process.

Standards of objectivity. Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable. Reviewers should express their remarks clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgment of sources. Reviewers, if needed, should indicate relevant published works that have not been cited by the authors. Any statement that has been reported in previous publications should be accompanied by the relevant in-text citation. A reviewer should also notify the Editorial Board of any substantial similarity between the manuscript under consideration and any other published manuscript.

Independence of the parties and conflicts of interest. The selection of reviewers is carried out with the utmost care and ethical standards, and in accordance with the principle of independence of the parties. In particular, the principle applies, according to which reviewers should not work at the same academic institution as any of the authors of the texts under evaluation, and they cannot evaluate texts where there may be a conflict of interest between the reviewer and the author(s).

Code of conduct for Authors

Scientific Reliability. The authors should describe their research in a reliable way and interpret the results in an objective manner. Collected data and the study should be described in a way that permits others to replicate the work. Unreliable and unethical presentation and interpretation of data and results are unacceptable.

Originality. Authors may submit only original manuscripts of their authorship. In case when they have used the work and/or statements of others, these elements should be cited. The Editorial Board checks all manuscripts for plagiarism in plagiarism checker software.

Data access. Authors could be asked to provide the raw data of their study, so they should be prepared to ensure public access to data. The authors should also archive data for a reasonable number of years after publication.

Redundant publication. Authors should not publish articles describing essentially the same research in more than one journal of primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical behavior and is unacceptable.

Acknowledgment of sources. Authors should ensure that they have properly acknowledged the work of others, and should also cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported study. Information obtained privately, from conversation or correspondence with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source.

Authorship of the manuscript. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made substantial contributions should be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author should also verify that all co-authors have approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Conflict of interest. Authors should include a statement disclosing any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that may be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Notification for fundamental errors. When authors discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, they are obliged to promptly notify the Editorial Board and cooperate with them to either correct the paper in the form of an erratum or to retract the paper.


Peer-review Procedure

Peer Review Process and Criteria

‘Yearbook of the History of Polish Press’ welcomes only fully original articles (not previously printed anywhere) which present the latest research results and which are not a compilation of already existing studies.

The first stage of the reviewing procedure is the opinion of the Editor-in-Chief (or a member of the Editorial Board indicated by him/her), who takes a preliminary decision on admitting the article to further reviewing or rejecting it, of which they inform the author immediately. In some cases, their decision is consulted with a member of the Editorial Board who specialises in the issue in question. The reasons for rejection at this stage may include, but are not limited to, incompatibility of the manuscript's subject matter with the journal's profile, failure to meet standards for article structure, low substantive level, gross linguistic deficiencies, non-compliance with the principles of publication ethics or other legitimate reasons.

The submission then proceeds to the external review stage. Each article undergoes anonymisation, i.e. the concealment of data that could identify the author, before it is sent to the Reviewers. At least two independent reviewers from outside the author's unit are appointed to evaluate each publication. The editors ensure that there is no conflict of interest (especially business or personal relationships) between authors and reviewers in the review process. Reviews are processed in a 'double-blind review process' in which reviewers and authors do not know each other's identities.

Reviews are written and descriptive. In his/her assessment the reviewer takes into account the originality and substantive value of the article, its form (composition, language), the quality of the sources, scientific reliability. Reviewers may also indicate the qualification of the article to a given category of scientific texts. All remarks, corrections and suggestions for possible changes are placed by the reviewer in the review form, so that the author can get acquainted with them and take them into account in the final editing of the text. The review concludes with a conclusion and an unequivocal request that the article should or should not be accepted for publication. Two positive reviews are required for an article to be accepted for publication. In t case of a significant divergence of reviews, the editorial board may decide to appoint a third reviewer.

Upon completion of the external review stage, the author is notified accordingly by the editorial board. In addition to the reviewers' conclusions, the author may receive additional comments and suggestions for changes from the Editor-in-Chief (or a member of the Editorial Board designated by the Editor-in-Chief) or the language editor.

The review process is confidential. A collective list of reviewers working with the journal is published once a year under Editorial Board / List of Reviewers. The ethical aspects of the responsibilities of reviewers and authors are outlined below in the Ethical Principles section. The editors also accept non-peer-reviewed material (reports, commentaries, letters, etc.) for publication.

Obligations of reviewers The reviewer's opinion is a key element of the editorial process, as it is on the basis of this opinion that the editorial board makes the substantive decision on whether or not accept the article for publication. In order for this process to proceed properly, we ask reviewers to evaluate manuscripts objectively and we oblige them to maintain confidentiality, to report conflicts of interest and to pass on information on suspected plagiarism. For details, please see the chapter 'Reviewer policies' in the section on Publication Ethics (below). Forms for reviewers
  • Review form (used for traditional review circulation);
  • A declaration of no conflict of interest (from 2023 onwards the statement is part of the review form);
  • System form (available to registered reviewers)..
List of reviewers

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