Applied sciences

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Description

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications (IJET, eISSN 2300-1933, untill 2013 also print ISSN 2081-8491) is a periodical of Electronics and Telecommunications Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences and it is published by Warsaw Science Publishers of PAS. It continues tradition of the Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly (ISSN 0867-6747) established in 1955 as the Rozprawy Elektrotechniczne. The IJET is a scientific periodical where papers present the results of original, theoretical, experimental and reviewed works. They consider widely recognized aspects of modern electronics, telecommunications, microelectronics, optoelectronics, radioelectronics and medical electronics.

The authors are outstanding scientists, well‐known experienced specialists as well as young researchers – mainly candidates for a doctor's degree. The papers present original approaches to problems, interesting research results, critical estimation of theories and methods, discuss current state or progress in a given branch of technology and describe development prospects. All the papers published in IJET are reviewed by international specialists who ensure that the publications are recognized as author's scientific output.

The printed periodical is distributed among all those who deal with electronics and telecommunications in national scientific centers as well as in numeral foreign institutions, and it is subscribed by many specialists and libraries. Its electronic version is available at http://ijet.pl.

The papers received are published within half a year if the cooperation between author and the editorial staff is efficient. The papers may be submitted to the editorial office by the journal web page http://ijet.pl.

Journal Metrics:

IMPACT FACTOR 2024: 0.7

CiteScore metrics from Scopus 2024: 1.6

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2024: 0.217

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2024: 0.452

Citation Indicator (JCI) 2024: 0.14

ISSN

eISSN 2300-1933 (since 2013), ISSN 2081-8491 (until 2012)

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications

Editor-in-Chief
Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Managing Editor
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Technical Editors
Maciej Linczuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Secretary in-Charge
Danuta Ojrzenska-Wojter, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Telecommunications, Poland

Administrative Assistant
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Editorial Advisory Board
Prof. Victor-Valeriu Patriciu, Director Doctoral School of Electronics, Informatics and Communications for Defense and Security, Military Technical Academy Bucharest, Romania, Romania

Prof. Bart Scheers, Royal Military Academy, Belgium

Dr. Eli Winjum, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Norway

Wladyslaw Skarbek, Warsaw University of Technology, IRE, Poland

Christian Napoli, University of Catania, Italy

Rosario Giunta, University of Catania, Italy

Christopher Chiu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Prof. Emiliano Tramontana, University of Catania, Italy

Prof Robin Braun, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Dr David Davis, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

dr Brian Culshaw, University of Strathclyde, UK, United Kingdom

Grzegorz Chmaj, University of Nevada, United States

Giuseppe Pappalardo, University of Catania, Italy

Michael Affenzeller, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria

Prof. Stavros Hatzopoulos, Laboratory of Hearing Science Audiology Dept., University of Ferrara, Italy, Italy

Prof Nikita M Ryskin, Saratov State University, Russian Federation

Prof. Adam Wolisz, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Telecommunication Networks

Prof. Edmundo Monteiro, Departamento de Engenharia Informatica Universidade de Coimbra Portugal, Portugal

Prof. Zoubir Mammeri, IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 FRANCE, France

Dr Paul D Polishuk, IGI, Boston, MA, USA

Giuseppe Macchiarella, Politecnico di Milano,Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Italy

Prof. Bernd Steinbach, Bergakademie Freiberg Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik Institut, Germany

Jan Szmidt, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Zenon Chaczko, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Józef Modelski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Wiesław Woliński, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Ryszard Klempous, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Radomir Stanković, University of Niš, Serbia

Javier Poncela, University of Malaga, Spain

Marek Turowski, CFD Research Corporation, United States

Dawid Zydek, NV Energy, United States

Wojciech Szpankowski, Purdue University, United States

Jacek Żurada, University of Louisville, United States

Tadeusz Luba, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Stefan Hahn, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Gilbert De Mey, Ghent University, Belgium

Svetlana Yanushkevich, University of Calgary, Canada

Viktor Krozer, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Adam Morawiec, European Electronic Chips & Systems Design Initiative, France

Herman Rohling, Technical University of Hamburg, Germany

Franco Davoli, University of Genowa, Italy

Michał Mrozowski, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland

Włodzimierz Janke, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland</

Principal Contact
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Professor
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, room 217, Nowowiejska 15/19, Warsaw 00-665, Poland
Phone: +48222345110
Fax: +48228252300
Email: ryszard.romaniuk@pw.edu.pl

Support Contact
Danuta Bartosiewicz
Email: danuta.bartosiewicz@pw.edu.pl

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Volumes
Instructions for authors

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Content

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1

1 Implementation of auto failover on SD-WAN technology with BGP routing method on Fortigate routers at XYZ company

Lukman Medriavin Silalahi , Vahira Amaada , Setiyo Budiyanto , Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak , Agus Dendi Rochendi

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 5-11 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149540

Keywords: BGP SD-WAN IP-VPN QoS Fail Over ISPs

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Abstract

The current technological development is SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) which provides highperformance access for users located far from the head office so as to allow faster network connections and has been facilitated automation techniques for branch offices. This research solves the problem of XYZ company because it is known that the company requires network connectivity with a high SLA (Service Level Agreement) and no downtime in the information exchange process. This research hypothesis assumes that using SD-WAN would be ideal and the problems with XYZ company were resolved. The purpose of this research is the implementation of a WAN network using SD-WAN technology against two ISPs on the FortiGate router, as well as testing QoS (Quality of Service) that has been configured using the BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) routing method. This research plan consists of ISP-A using IP-VPN (Internet Protocol-Virtual Private Network) and ISP-B using broadband Internet. The test scenario was carried out using 3 methods, namely Full Service Scenario, Fail Over Scenario-1 when the IP VPN service is down and Fail Over Scenario-2 when the broadband Internet service is down. The final results of the research have obtained "Satisfactory" results for both services, including the average index on ISP-A and ISP-B of 3.7.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lukman Medriavin Silalahi

Vahira Amaada

Setiyo Budiyanto

Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak

Agus Dendi Rochendi

1 3

Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
PT Aplikanusa Lintasarta Indonesia, Indonesia
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional RepublikIndonesia, Indonesia

2 Evaluation of popular path planning algorithms

Mehmet Kara

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 13–22 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147699

Keywords: mobile robots navigation algorithms evaluation robotics

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Abstract

The navigation of mobile robots is a key element of autonomous systems, which allows robots to move effectively and securely in changing environments with greater autonomy and precision. This study aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive guide for selecting the best path-planning methods for their particular projects. We evaluate some popular algorithms that are regularly used in mobile robot navigation, in order to demonstrate their specifications and determine where they are most effective. For example, one algorithm is used to model the problem as a standard graph, and another algorithm is found to be the most suitable for highly dynamic and highly dimensional environments, due to its robust path-planning capabilities and efficient route construction. We also filter high-performance algorithms in terms of computational complexity, accuracy, and robustness. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information on its individual strengths and weaknesses, helping robotics and engineers make informed decisions when selecting the most appropriate algorithm for their specific applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mehmet Kara

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland

3 Comparison of power consumption in pipelined implementations of the BLAKE3 cipher in FPGA devices

Jarosław Sugier

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 23-30 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147710

Keywords: cryptographic hash function KECCAK SHA-3 dynamic dissipated power

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Abstract

This article analyzes the dynamic power losses generated by various hardware implementations of the BLAKE3 hash function. Estimations of the parameters were based on the results of post-route simulations of designs implemented in Xilinx Spartan-7 FPGAs. The algorithm was tested in various hardware organizations: based on a standard iterative architecture with one round instance in the programmable array, various derived versions with pipeline processing were elaborated, which ultimately led to a set of 6 architectural variants of the cipher, from the iterative case (without pipeline) to one with maximum of 6 pipeline stages. Moreover, the results obtained for the iterative architecture were compared with analogous implementations of the BLAKE2 (direct predecessor) and KECCAK (the foundation of the current SHA-3 standard) algorithms. This case study illustrates the differences (or lack thereof) in the power requirements of these three hash functions when they are implemented on an FPGA platform, and illustrate the significant savings that can be achieved by introducing pipeline to the processing of the BLAKE round.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Sugier

Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland, Faculty of Information and Telecommunication Technology, Department of Computer Engineering, Poland

4 Examining the possibility of short-term prediction of traffic volume in smart city control systems with the use of regression models

Peweł Dymora , Mirosław Mazurek , Maksymilian Jucha

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 31-38 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147711

Keywords: Smart City traffic flow prediction regression polynomial-trigonometric model trigonometric model RandomForest model

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Abstract

This article deals with issues related to the optimization of traffic management in modern cities, the so-called Smart City. In particular, the article presents the process of evolution of the traffic flow prediction model at a selected crossroads in a selected city in Poland - the city of Rzeszów. Rzeszow is an example of a smart city equipped with an extensive system of real-time data collection and processing from multiple road points in the city. The research was aimed at a detailed analysis of the feasibility and degree of fit of different variants of the regression model: linear, polynomial, trigonometric, polynomial-trigonometric, and regression-based Random Forest algorithm. Several studies were carried out evaluating different generations of models, in particular, an analysis was carried out based on which the superiority of the trigonometric model was demonstrated. This model had the best fit and the lowest error rate, which could be a good conclusion for widespread use and implementation in Smart City supervisory systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Peweł Dymora

Mirosław Mazurek

Maksymilian Jucha

Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics

5 Dependability model of automated intelligent regenerative life support system for space missions

Igor Kabashkin , Sergey Glukhikh

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 39-44 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149512

Keywords: life support system dependability automation modelling Petri net

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Abstract

Long-duration human space missions require intelligent regenerative life support systems that can recycle resources and automatically manage failures. This paper explores using Petri nets to model the reliability and complex interactions of such closed-loop systems. An architecture consisting of primary systems, backups, and consumable reserves is outlined. The automation system that controls everything is described. Petri nets can capture concurrency, failure modes, redundancy, and dynamic behavior. A modular modeling methodology is presented to develop hierarchical Petri net models that scale in fidelity. Elementary fragments represent failures and redundancy. Subsystem modules can be substituted for more detailed models. Analysis and simulation assess system reliability and failure response. This supports designing ultra-reliable systems to safely sustain human life in space.

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Authors and Affiliations

Igor Kabashkin

Sergey Glukhikh

Transport andTelecommunication Institute, Latvia

6 Smart non-destractive test of a concrete wall using a hammer

Atsushi Ito , Masafumi Koike , Katsuhiko Hibino

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 45–50 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149513

Keywords: hammering test non-destructive testing neural network transfer learning

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Abstract

Large concrete structures such as buildings, bridges, and tunnels are aging. In Japan and many other countries, those built during economic reconstruction after World War II are about 60 to 70 years old, and flacking and other problems are becoming more noticeable. Periodic inspections were made mandatory by government and ministerial ordinance during the 2013-2014 fiscal year, and inspections based on the new standards have just begun. There are various methods to check the soundness of concrete, but the hammering test is widely used because it does not require special equipment. However, long experience is required to master the hammering test. Therefore, mechanization is desired. Although the difference between the sound of a defective part and a normal part is very small, we have shown that neural network is useful in our research. To use this technology in the actual field, it is necessary to meet the forms of concrete structures in various conditions. For example, flacking in concrete exists at various depths, and it is impossible to learn about flacking in all cases. This paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of finding flacking at different depths with a single inspection learning model and an idea to increase the accuracy of a learning model when we use a rolling hammer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Atsushi Ito

e-mail:

ORCID:

Masafumi Koike

Katsuhiko Hibino

Faculty of Economics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Engineering, Utsunomiya University,Tochigi, Japan
Port Denshi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

7 The system of headlights operation recognition using the digital twin method

Aleksander Dawid , Paweł Buchwald

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 51-58 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149514

Keywords: digital twin road safety headlamps operation detection lighting model Unity 3D YOLOv7

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Abstract

Virtual digital representation of a physical object or system, created with precision through computer simulations, data analysis, and various digital technologies can be used as training set for real life situations. The principal aim behind creating a virtual representation is to furnish a dynamic, data-fueled, and digital doppelgänger of the physical asset. This digital counterpart serves multifaceted purposes, including the optimization of performance, the continuous monitoring of its well-being, and the augmentation of informed decision-making processes. Main advantage of employing a digital twin is its capacity to facilitate experimentation and assessment of diverse scenarios and conditions, all without impinging upon the actual physical entity. This capability translates into substantial cost savings and superior outcomes, as it allows for the early identification and mitigation of issues before they escalate into significant problems in the tangible world. Within our research endeavors, we've meticulously constructed a digital twin utilizing the Unity3D software. This digital replica faithfully mimics vehicles, complete with functioning headlamp toggles. Our lighting system employs polygons and normal vectors, strategically harnessed to generate an array of dispersed and reflected light effects. To ensure realism, we've meticulously prepared the scene to emulate authentic road conditions. For validation and testing, we integrated our model with the YOLO (You Only Look Once) neural network. A specifically trained compact YOLO model demonstrated impressive capabilities by accurately discerning the status of real vehicle headlamps. On average, it achieved an impressive recognition probability of 80%, affirming the robustness of our digital twin.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Dawid

Paweł Buchwald

WSB University, Department of Transport and Computer Science, Poland

8 Optimization of a task schedule for teams with members having various skills

Marek Bazan , Czesław Smutnicki , Maciej E. Marchwiany

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 59–69 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149515

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Abstract

We consider the real-life problem of planning tasks for teams in a corporation, in conditions of some restrictions. The problem takes into account various constraints, such as for instance flexible working hours, common meeting periods, time set aside for self-learning, lunchtimes and periodic performance of tasks. Additionally, only a part of the team may participate in meetings, and each team member may have their own periodic tasks such as self-development. We propose an algorithm that is an extension of the algorithm dedicated for scheduling on parallel unrelated processors with the makespan criterion. Our approach assumes that each task can be defined by a subset of employees or an entire team. However, each worker is of a different efficiency, so task completion times may differ. Moreover, the tasks are prioritized. The problem is NP-hard. Numerical experiments cover benchmarks with 10 instances of 100 tasks assigned to a 5-person team. For all instances, various algorithms such as branch-and-bound, genetic and tabu search have been tested.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Bazan

1 2

Czesław Smutnicki

Maciej E. Marchwiany

Wroclaw University of Scienceand Technology, Department of Computer Engineering, Wrocław, Poland
JT Weston sp. z o.o. Warszawa, Poland

9 Sofcomputing approach to melody generation based on harmonic analysis

Jarosław Mazurkiewicz

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 71-78 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149516

Keywords: music generation harmonic wave analysis ANN musical improviser

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Abstract

This work aims to create an ANN-based system for a musical improviser. An artificial improviser of "hearing" music will create a melody. The data supplied to the improviser is MIDItype musical data. This is the harmonic-rhythmic course, the background for improvisation, and the previously made melody notes. The harmonic run is fed into the system as the currently ongoing chord and the time to the next chord, while the supplied few dozen notes performed earlier will indirectly carry information about the entire run and the musical context and style. Improvisation training is carried out to check ANN as a correctlooking musical improvisation device. The improviser generates several hundred notes to be substituted for a looped rhythmicharmonic waveform and examined for quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mazurkiewicz

Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Department of Computer Engineering

10 Deep learning in the classification and recognition of cardiac activity patterns

Łukasz Jeleń , Piotr Ciskowski , Konrad Kluwak

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 79–85 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149517

Keywords: ECG signal deep learning arrhythmia signal processing ECG classification

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Abstract

Electrocardiography is an examination performed frequently in patients experiencing symptoms of heart disease. Upon a detailed analysis, it has shown potential to detect and identify various activities. In this article, we present a deep learning approach that can be used to analyze ECG signals. Our research shows promising results in recognizing activity and disease patterns with nearly 90% accuracy. In this paper, we present the early results of our analysis, indicating the potential of using deep learning algorithms in the analysis of both onedimensional and two–dimensional data. The methodology we present can be utilized for ECG data classification and can be extended to wearable devices. Conclusions of our study pave the way for exploring live data analysis through wearable devices in order to not only predict specific cardiac conditions, but also a possibility of using them in alternative and augmented communication frameworks.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Jeleń

Piotr Ciskowski

Konrad Kluwak