@ARTICLE{Hanafi_H._Mohd_Mechanical_2024,
 author={Hanafi, H. Mohd and Muthusamy, Khairunisa and Saffuan, W.A. and Budiea, A.M.A. and Kusbiantoro, A. and Nabilla, M. and Rafiza, A.R. and Błoch, K.},
 volume={vol. 69},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Archives of Metallurgy and Materials},
 pages={297-301},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 publisher={Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Escalating quantity of industrial by-products generated, including oil palm shell (OPS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA ) of the palm oil industries, has been a concern to many analysts. They are mostly disposed off as wastes that would heavily impact the environment quality. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the possibility of consuming these wastes by using OPS and POFA as replacement materials for fine aggregates in the concrete mixture. The mixtures were prepared by integrating unground palm oil fuel ash of 0%, 10%, and 20% (by weight of sand) to produce lightweight concrete. The experiments observed the mechanical performance of these specimens for 180 curing days. The results show the enhancement of concrete strength relative to the control mixture by using 10% of ash. This is owing to void filling mechanism and product of pozzolanic reaction due to the fine particles of the ash.},
 type={Article},
 title={Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Unground Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Sand Replaceme},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/130951/PDF/AMM-2024-1-48-Muthusamy.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/amm.2024.147822},
 keywords={oil palm shell lightweight aggregate, unground palm iil fuel ash, mechanical performance},
}