@ARTICLE{Kierzek_Roman_Effect_2003,
 author={Kierzek, Roman and Wachowiak, Marek},
 volume={vol. 43},
 number={No 2},
 journal={Journal of Plant Protection Research},
 pages={181-189},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2003},
 publisher={Committee of Plant Protection PAS},
 publisher={Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute},
 abstract={The influence of different nozzle types and adjuvants on the biological efficacy of fungicides in potato was investigated in four growing seasons in the years 1997-2000. The studied foliar plant disease was late blight (Phytophthora infestans). The biological efficacy of fungicides (alone or with adjuvants) applied with coarse air induction nozzles was comparable to fine standard flat fan nozzle. The differences between the nozzle types tested were small in control oflate blight in potato with systemic and contact fungicides. Coverage of upper side of leaf blades was from three to four times higher than lower side of leaf blades. In general, the highest coverage of upper and lower side of leaf was achieved when the full dosage rate of fungicide (copper oxychloride) was used with both the flat fan XR 110-03 and air induction DB 120-03 nozzle. Adding Atpolan 80 EC and Zero Piany 62 SL to 50% dosage rate of copper oxychloride decreased the spray coverage on lower side ofleaf as well as with both the XR 110-03 and DB 120-03 nozzles. However, addition of adjuvants to spray solution did not decrease the deposition on upper side of leaf blade. In general, adjuvants did not considerably influence the biological efficacy of the fungicide treatments sprayed with both the flat fan and the air induction nozzles but had favourable influence on potato yield.},
 type={Article},
 title={Effect of nozzle types and adjuvanrs on che leaf coverage and biological efficacy of fungicides in potato},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/130819/PDF-MASTER/15_JOURNAL_43_2_2003_Kierzek_Effect.pdf},
 keywords={adjuvants, fungicides, flat fan nozzle, air induction nozzle, leaf coverage, late blight, Phytophthora infestans},
}