@ARTICLE{Gerasik_Janusz_The_2023,
 author={Gerasik, Janusz},
 volume={t. 26},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej},
 pages={5-36},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={Polska Akademia Nauk Oddział w Krakowie Komisja Prasoznawcza},
 publisher={Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie},
 abstract={Echo z Polski ( Echo from Poland) published in New York in 1863 was the first Polish-language newspaper to appear in the Western hemisphere. The oldest Polish humour magazine in the United States was Osa ( The Wasp), started in New York by Julian Czupka in 1886. It lasted only a few months, but soon after its closure similar 'funny papers' — Bocian ( The Stork), Kukuryku ( Cock-a-doodle-do), Śmiech ( Laughter), Zabawny Kuryerek ( A Funny Little Courier), Kikier ( The Squinty Eye) — sprang up in other American cities. This article outlines a history of the six oldest humour and satire magazines published for Polish readers in the USA in the 19th century and a handful of profiles of their editors.},
 type={Artykuł},
 title={The earliest Polish-language humour magazines in North America. Part I: From Osa to Kikier},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/130149/2023-04-RHPP-01.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/rhpp.2023.148236},
 keywords={Polish press in the USA in the 19th century, humour and satire magazines, Julian Czupka (1854–1923), Henryk Nagiel (1859–1899), Zygmunt Słupski (1851–1928)},
}