@ARTICLE{Oles_Piotr_K._Self-Talk_2023,
 author={Oles, Piotr K. and Pasternak, Katarzyna and Kozioł, Aneta and Kutnik, Jan},
 volume={vol. 54},
 number={No 2},
 journal={Polish Psychological Bulletin},
 pages={79-90},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={Committee for Psychological Science PAS},
 abstract={The aim of the article is twofold: to introduce a Polish adaptation of the Self-Talk Scale (STS) by Brinthaupt et al. (2009), including psychometric properties of the method, and to present some empirical results focusing on relationships between inner speech and other variables, like temperamental and personality traits, selected features of characteristic adaptations, and the self. In a Polish sample of 1,321 participants (770 women) aged 18–70 years ( M = 26.62, SD = 8.30), the internal structure of the scale consisting of self-criticism, self-reinforcement, self- management, and social assessment was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which showed an acceptable fit of the four-function model to the empirical data. However, according to EFA, two functions, self- management and social assessment, constituted one common factor. Internal consistency of the total score was high, α = .87 and .88, in two samples, as well as for particular functions, from .73 to .85. Validity of the STS was confirmed with the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale – Revised (Oleś et al., 2020). Moreover, STS results corresponded with traits like endurance and neuroticism; characteristic adaptation, like love for life; characteristics of the self, like reflection and rumination; and slightly with tolerance for ambiguity.},
 type={Article},
 title={Self-Talk Scale: Further validation and Polish adaptation},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/128923/PDF-MASTER/2023-02-PPB-01.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ppb.2023.146402},
 keywords={Self-Talk Scale, inner speech, dialogical self, Polish adaptation, validity and reliability},
}