@ARTICLE{Libecki_Bartosz_Utilization_2023,
 author={Libecki, Bartosz and Mikołajczyk, Tomasz and Pierożyński, Bogusław and Kuczyński, Mateusz},
 volume={vol. 44},
 number={No 3 (24th Polish Conference of Chemical and Process Engineering, 13-16 June 2023, Szczecin, Poland. Guest editor: Prof. Rafał Rakoczy and 8th European Process Intensification Conference, 31.05–2.06.2023, Warsaw, Poland.)},
 journal={Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers},
 pages={e17},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Chemical and Process Engineering},
 abstract={Humic substances (HS) are hydrophobic parts of dissolved organic matter, which are hard to degrade using biological processes. When exposed to disinfection processes, the HS present in wastewater could lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are harmful and dangerous to health. Thus, a chemical coagulation process is commonly used for HS removal. This work used a cylindrical galvanic cell (CGC) with an iron anode and a copper cathode, where the dissolution of the anode served as an alternative source of metal ions for HS coagulation. The galvanic cell current for CGC stabilized at around 0.6 mA, and the voltage fluctuated, ca. 0.5 V for all solutions. The peaks observed on cyclic voltammograms could be associated only with oxidation and dissolution of iron; no other process was identified. After the process, the structures and molecular composition of the anode surface suggest the loss of Fe mass and the formation of iron oxides due to corrosion. The initial pH of the tested solution influenced the total Fe concentration in the solution as well as colour and turbidity. The quantitative removal of HS by electrolysis and membrane filtration processes at initial pHi = 6.0 yielded 72% and 90%, respectively, after 6 and 10 min. The mechanism of sorption on the flocs of hydroxides as a primary factor in HA removal was suggested.},
 type={Article},
 title={Utilization of cylindrical Cu/Fe galvanic cell as an effective method for the removal of humic acids},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/128652/PDF/e17-Accepted%20Article-2.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/cpe.2023.146719},
 keywords={galvanic cell, iron anode, electrochemical coagulation, humic acids removal},
}