@ARTICLE{Starowicz_Adam_Photovoltaic_2023,
 author={Starowicz, Adam and Rusanowska, Paulina and Zieliński, Marcin},
 volume={vol. 26},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal},
 pages={169-180},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={The discovery story of photovoltaic cells is entirely typical. Chance played a role in it, and before it went to the average user, it first served the army. In addition, as with the discovery of electricity, there are many scientists and more than 100 years of technological development behind how modern photovoltaic cells and solar panels work. The first photovoltaic panels were able to power, at most, a radio. Today their power allows for the production of energy for the entire household. Technology is continuously developing, and the hence achieved efficiency keeps growing. Modern silicon solar cells of large photovoltaic farms power thousands of buildings, and this installation can be seen more and more often. This article describes the development of the use of solar energy since ancient times and the comprehensive history of the invention of the photovoltaic cell, starting with the discovery of the photoelectric effect by Edmond Becquerel in 1839 to the achievement of nearly 50% efficiency under laboratory conditions. The advances in photovoltaic cell efficiency and the price of energy production per watt over the years are also shown. Examples of the first applications of photovoltaics are given, and profiles of figures who contributed to the development of solar technology are introduced. The considerable influence of Polish scientists on the development of the photovoltaic cell is also highlighted. Without them, this method of obtaining energy would perhaps not be at high levelh level today.},
 type={Article},
 title={Photovoltaic cell – the history of invention – review},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/126887/PDF-MASTER/10-Starowicz-i-inni.pdf},
 keywords={photovoltaic cell, solar panel, solar energy history, photoelectric effect invention},
}