@ARTICLE{Hlawiczka_Stanisław_Investigation_2002,
 author={Hlawiczka, Stanisław and Kowalewska, Zofia},
 volume={vol. 28},
 number={No 1},
 pages={119-133},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2002},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Leaded and unleaded petrol samples as well as diesel oil samples were analysed lo determine Cd. Cr. Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and As concentrations. In order lo obtain low detection limits new method of samples preparation was used. The fuel samples were dissolved in hydroraffinate which was the crude oil fraction obtained as a result of atmospheric distillation in the range of I 50---250°C. The obtained data on the metal concentrations in the investigated fuels allow determining the following emission factors of traffic fuels consumption processes [mg/kg fuel]: leaded and unleaded petrol - Cr - 0,5; Cu - 0,3; Ni - 0.5; Pb - 50 (leaded): Pb - 5 (unleaded); diesel fuel - Cd - 0,05: Cu - 0,3: Ni - 0.5. It was found in the investigations that traffic fuels consumption is not the source of Zn and As emission. The same refers to Cd emission in case of leaded and unleaded petrol consumption. On the basis of the identified emission factors Pb emission from traffic in Poland for years 1980---1999 as well as Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni emission for I 999 were assessed. The following emission in 1999 was determined as a result of the assessment [Mg]: Cd - 0,3: Cr - 2,9: Cu - 3,5 and Ni - 5,9. Emission of Pbu, was 237.6 Mg and Pb1.,w 79,2 Mg. These emissions were also compared with the total metal emissions in Poland.},
 type={Komunikat},
 title={Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Automotive Fuels and Assessment of these Pollutants Emission in Poland},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/123810/PDF/13_AE_VOL_28_1_Hlawiczka_Badania.pdf},
 keywords={heavy metals, emission factors, traffic fuels, analysis, lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc},
}