@ARTICLE{Matuszewski_Jan_Evaluation_2021,
 author={Matuszewski, Jan and Kraszewski, Tomasz},
 volume={vol. 28},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Metrology and Measurement Systems},
 pages={781-802},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences Committee on Metrology and Scientific Instrumentation},
 abstract={The determination of precise emitter location is a very important task in electronic intelligence systems. Its basic requirements include the detection of the emission of electromagnetic sources (emitters), measurement of signal parameters, determining the direction of emitters, signal analysis, and the recognition and identification of their sources. The article presents a new approach and algorithm for calculating the location of electromagnetic emission sources (radars) in a plane based on the bearings in the radio-electronic reconnaissance system. The main assumptions of this method are presented and described i.e. how the final mathematical formulas for calculating the emitter location were determined for any number of direction finders (DFs). As there is an unknown distance from the emitter to the DFs then in the final formulas it is stated how this distance should be calculated in the first iteration. Numerical simulation in MATLAB showed a quick convergence of the proposed algorithm to the fixed value in the fourth/fifth iteration with an accuracy less than 0.1 meter. The computed emitter location converges to the fixed value regardless of the choice of the starting point. It has also been shown that to precisely calculate the emitter position, at least a dozen or so bearings from each DFs should be measured. The obtained simulation results show that the precise emitter location depends on the number of DFs, the distances between the localized emitter and DFs, their mutual deployment, and bearing errors. The research results presented in the article show the usefulness of the tested method for the location of objects in a specific area of interest. The results of simulation calculations can be directly used in radio-electronic reconnaissance systems to select the place of DFs deployment to reduce the emitter location errors in the entire reconnaissance area.},
 type={Article},
 title={Evaluation of emitter location accuracy with the modified triangulation method by means of maximum likelihood estimators},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/121807/PDF/art12_final.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/mms.2021.138537},
 keywords={emitter location, triangulation method, errors ellipse, maximum likelihood estimators, electronic warfare},
}