@ARTICLE{Jałowiecki_Łukasz_Aerobic_2019,
 author={Jałowiecki, Łukasz and Płaza, Grażyna and Ejhed, Helene and Nawrotek, Monika},
 volume={vol. 45},
 number={No 4},
 pages={40-47},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2019},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Since fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are extensively used both in human and veterinary medicine their accumulation in the environment is causing increasing concern. The aim of the study was to isolate a microbial consortium resistant to ofl oxacin and norfl oxacin and able to biodegrade both antibiotics. Green compost was used as a source of microorganisms. The biodegradation effi ciency was monitored by changes of antibiotics concentrations and toxicity. The microbial consortium was composed of two bacterial isolates: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K2) and Achromobacter sp. (K3) and two fungi Candida manassasensis (K1) and Trichosporon asahii (K4). All the isolates were characterized as highly resistant to both antibiotics – ofl oxacin and norfl oxacin. FQs were supplied individually into the culture medium in the presence of an easily degradable carbon source – glucose. Biodegradation of norfl oxacin was much faster than ofl oxacin biodegradation. During 20 days of the experiment, the norfl oxacin level decreased by more than 80%. Ofl oxacin was generally biodegraded thereafter at relatively slow biodegradation rate. After 28 days the ofl oxacin level decreased by 60%. Similarly, the toxicity of biodegraded antibiotics decreased 4-fold and 3.5-fold for norfl oxacin and ofl oxacin, respectively. The ability of the bacterial-fungal consortium to degrade antibiotics and reduce toxicity could help to reduce environmental pollution with these pharmaceutical.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Aerobic biodegradation of norfloxacin and ofloxacin by a microbial consortium},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/113719/PDF-MASTER/blank.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aep.2019.130240},
 keywords={biodegradation, antibiotics, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, bacterial-fungal consortium, green compost},
}