@ARTICLE{Barański_W._Trend_2025,
 author={Barański, W. and Zduńczyk, S. and Zielińska, M. and Rudowska, M.},
 volume={vol. 28},
 number={No 4},
 pages={673–677},
 journal={Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Veterinary Sciences},
 publisher={University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn},
 abstract={The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in fertility outcomes in dairy cow herds in north-eastern Poland over a 20-year period. Data from the 2003–2004 and 2023–2024 calving seasons were compared, including herd size, milk yield, conception rate, number of services per conception, inter-calving period, and culling rate due to infertility. Over the study period, average milk yield increased substantially, while fertility parameters deteriorated significantly. First-service conception rate declined, the number of services per conception increased, inter-calving periods became longer, and culling due to infertility rose markedly. All differences between periods were statistically significant (p≤0.05). The results indicate a negative association between increased milk yield and fertility outcomes in dairy cows over the past two decades.},
 title={Trend in fertility outcomes of dairy cows in north-eastern Poland over the past 20 years},
 type={Short communication},
 URL={http://www.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/137627/PDF-MASTER/18%20_%20Baranski%20_%20Short.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/pjvs.2025.157282},
 keywords={dairy cows, fertility, milk yield},
}