Applied sciences

Archives of Electrical Engineering

Description

ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (AEE) (previously Archiwum Elektrotechniki), quarterly journal of the Polish Academy of Sciences is OpenAccess (PAN Electronic Library, publishing original scientific articles and short communiques from all branches of Electrical Power Engineering exclusively in English. The main fields of interest are related to the theory & engineering of the components of an electrical power system: switching devices, arresters, reactors, conductors, etc. together with basic questions of their insulation, ampacity, switching capability etc.; electrical machines and transformers; modelling & calculation of circuits; electrical & magnetic fields problems; optimization methods; electromagnetic compatibility; control problems; power electronics; electrical power engineering;renewable energy; nondestructive testing & nondestructive evaluation.

Journal Impact Factor: 2024 – 0.9, Five Year – 0.7

CiteScore metrics from Scopus, CiteScore 2024: 2.2

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2024: 0.255

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2024: 0.554

ICI Journal Master List 2024, Index Copernicus Value: 152.00

Scoring assigned by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education: 100 points

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ISSN

ISSN: 1427-4221, eISSN: 2300-2506

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences

Editor-in-Chief

Andrzej Demenko, Poznan, Poland
Professor at Poznan University of Technology

Managing Editor

Mariusz Baranski, Poznan, Poland
Ph.D. at Poznan University of Technology

Deputy Managing Editor

Lukasz Knypinski, Poznan, Poland
Ph.D. at Poznan University of Technology

Editorial Advisory Board:

Chairman: Mariusz Malinowski, Warsaw, Poland
Professor at Warsaw University of Technology

Secretary: Robert Smolenski, Zielona Gora, Poland
Professor at University of Zielona Gora

Haitham A. Abu-Rub, Doha, Qatar
Professor at Hamad Bin Khalifa University

Andrzej Bartoszewicz, Lodz, Poland
Professor at Łódź University of Technology

Anouar Belahcen, Espoo, Finland
Professor at Aalto University

Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg, Denmark
Professor at Aalborg University

Ion Boldea, Timisoara, Romania
Professor at University Politehnica of Timisoara

Herbert De Gersem, Darmstadt, Germany
Professor at Technische Universität Darmstadt

Paolo Di Barba, Pavia, Italy
Professor at University of Pavia

Kay Hameyer, Aachen, Germany
Professor at RWTH Aachen University

Marian K. Kazimierczuk, Dayton, USA
Professor at Wright State University

Stefan Kulig, Dortmund, Germany
Professor at TU Dortmund University of Technology

David A. Lowther, Montreal, Canada
Professor at McGill University

João Martins, Caparica, Portugal
Professor at Universidade NOVA de Lisboa

Zhuoxiang Ren, Paris, France
Professor at Sorbonne Université

Enrique Romero-Cadaval, Badajoz, Spain
Professor at University of Extremadura

Ruth V. Sabariego, Leuven, Belgium
Professor at KU Leuven

Zbigniew Styczyński, Magdeburg, Germany
Professor at Otto-von-Guericke University

Jan Sykulski, Southampton, UK
Professor at University of Southampton

Slawomir Wiak, Lodz, Poland
Professor at Łódź University of Technology

Dmitri Vinnikov, Tallinn, Estonia
Professor at Tallinn University of Technology

Language Editor

Krystyna Guzek

Statistical Editor

Mariusz Barański, Poznan, Poland
Poznan University of Technology

Theme Editors:

Jerzy Barglik, Gliwice, Poland
Professor at Silesian University of Technology

Andrzej Cichon, Opole, Poland
Professor at Opole University of Technology

Lech Grzesiak, Warsaw, Poland
Professor at Warsaw University of Technology

Kazimierz Jakubiuk, Gdansk, Poland
Professor at Gdansk University of Technology

Zbigniew Lubosny, Gdansk, Poland
Professor at Gdańnk University of Technology

Marian Łukaniszyn, Opole, Poland
Professor at Opole University of Technology

Pawel Pijarski, Lublin, Poland
Professor at Lublin University of Technology

Henryka Danuta Stryczewska, Lublin, Poland
Professor at Lublin University of Technology

Jan Sykulski, Southampton, UK
Professor at University of Southampton

Adam Szelag, Warsaw, Poland
Professor at Warsaw University of Technology

Romulad Włodek, Krakow, Poland
Professor at AGH University of Science and Technology

Technical Editor

Typesetting in LATEX: Drukarnia Braci Grodzickich Sp.j., 05-500 Piaseczno, ul. Geodetów 47a, Poland

All contributions should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief or the Editorial Office:

Address of the Editorial Office:

Archives of Electrical Engineering
Piotrowo 3A (Room 612X)
60-965 Poznan, Poland
tel: (48-61) 665-26-36
fax: (48-61) 665-23-81
e-mail: aee@put.poznan.pl

Website: www.aee.put.poznan.pl

Archives of Electrical Engineering is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Content

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4

1 Influence of control parameters on synchronization stability of virtual synchronous generator

Yanxia Zhang , Yachao Cheng , Kaixiang Liu , Yue Han

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 811-828 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142110

Keywords: control parameters frequency modulation coefficient phase plane method,synchronization stability virtual synchronous generator

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Abstract

Different from the synchronization mechanism of synchronous generators, the non-synchronous generators must be synchronized with the grid through a controller. Generally, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy is adopted for this purpose. In view of the current situation, where the control loops are not comprehensively considered in the research of the synchronization stability of the VSG, this paper considers multiple control loops, such as active frequency loops, virtual governors, power filters and current constraint control, to establish the mathematical model of the VSG and infinite system. On this basis, the correlation formula between power angle difference and control parameters is deduced. Adopting the phase plane method, the influence of different control loops and their parameters on the transient synchronization stability is analyzed. Finally, a setting principle of the frequency modulation coefficient of virtual governors is proposed, which not only meets the response speed of control systems, but also has good control performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yanxia Zhang

Yachao Cheng

Kaixiang Liu

Yue Han

School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, China

2 Performance comparison of double stator permanent magnet machines

Chukwuemeka Chijioke Awah

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 829-850 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142111

Keywords: demagnetization double stator induced voltage losses power and torque

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Abstract

The electromagnetic and output performance characteristics of three (3) different types of double stator permanent magnet machines are quantitatively compared and presented in this study, in order to determine the most promising machine topology amongst the considered machine types, for potential practical applications(s). Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) methods are deployed in the computation of the performance metrics using ANSYS-MAXWELL software. The compared machines in this work are designated as: Machine 1, Machine 2 and Machine 3, respectively. The investigated machines have varying structural arrangements and two separate excitation sources. Machine 1 has its magnets situated in the outer stator with corresponding armature windings on both inner and outer stators. The magnets of Machine 2 are located in its inner stator while it has armature windings on both inner and outer stator parts. More so, Machine 3 is equipped with magnets in its inner and outer stators, though without armature windings on the inner stator section. The considered performance metrics include: inducedelectromotive force (induced-EMF), torque, power, demagnetization, losses and efficiency. The results show that the investigated Machine 3 has higher induced-EMF value and more sinusoidal electromotive force waveform than the other compared machines. Consequently, Machine 3 also has larger electromagnetic torque and power. Moreover, Machine 1 has the best flux-weakening potential, obtained from both the ratio of its maximum speed to base speed and the flux-weakening factor ( k_p).

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Authors and Affiliations

Chukwuemeka Chijioke Awah

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

3 Single sheet tester for measuring core losses with novel adaptive algorithm of waveform

Tomasz Lerch , Michał Rad , Witold Rams

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 851-864 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142112

Keywords: core losses efficiency Epstein hysteresis magnetization

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Abstract

This paper presents a novel method of waveform generation in a single-sheet tester (SST) for measuring core losses and permeability in a steel sheet. Some improvements and modifications of the apparatus are also described. The improved way of working of a SST is important, especially in the extended range of polarization (up to 1.9 T). The system consists of hardware and software. Everything together was tested and has given good results. The proposed algorithm is described and compared to previously known methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Lerch

e-mail:

ORCID:

Michał Rad

e-mail:

ORCID:

Witold Rams

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science, and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

4 Comparison of concentrated winding topologies considering transient voltages in the winding system of inverter-driven low-voltage machines

Florian Pauli , Niklas Driendl , Sebastian Mönninghoff , Kay Hameyer

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 865-880 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142113

Keywords: du/dt electrical machines insulation system inverters transient voltages

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Abstract

To reduce the losses of the power electronic inverter, the voltage slew rate (d u/d t) of the electric motors supplying voltage is increasing. As steep voltage slopes excite high frequencies in the megahertz range, transient phenomena in the winding of the electrical machine occur. To design the insulation system, the maximum electric potential difference between the conducting elements must be predicted. General design rules can lead to a significant overengineering of the interturn insulation, particularly when considering smaller stators with a known wire distribution. Therefore, two different winding topologies are studied comparing the voltage distribution in a round-wire winding and a winding with preformed coils.

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Authors and Affiliations

Florian Pauli

Niklas Driendl

Sebastian Mönninghoff

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kay Hameyer

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Electrical Machines (IEM), RWTH Aachen University, Germany

5 Research on influencing factors of emergency power support for voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current transmission system

Congshan Li , Zikai Zhen , Tingyu Sheng , Yan Liu , Pu Zhong , Xiaowei Zhang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 881-894 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142114

Keywords: coordinated control emergency DC power support influencing factor VSC-MTDC transmission

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Abstract

Voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (VSCMTDC) transmission system can realize a multi-point power supply, multi-drop power receiving, and mutual coordination between the converter stations to ensure the reliability of the transmission. Based on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform, a five-terminal DC transmission system model is established. According to the fast power regulation capability and overload capacity of theVSC-MTDC power transmission system, an analysis of additional emergency power support for a transmission system under large disturbance conditions was carried out. A new control strategy for emergency power support that introduces its basic principle is proposed in this paper. It uses the short-term overload capability of the DC system. By changing the power reserve of the converter station and the electrical distance between the converter stations, the influence of the power reserve and the electrical distance on the emergency power supply guarantee is analyzed the stability of the system is improved, thereby improving the sudden change of power caused by voltage fluctuations, and the feasibility of the control module is verified by PSCAD simulation. The simulation results show that when the system power supply suddenly changes, the converter stations at a short distance and large power reserve has a better effect on emergency power supply protection. A comparative study of the active power support of a single converter station and multiple converter stations is carried out. The research results show that the use of emergency power support in the DC transmission system has a good effect on maintaining the stability of the inter-connection system and the reliability of the power supply.

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Authors and Affiliations

Congshan Li

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zikai Zhen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tingyu Sheng

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yan Liu

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pu Zhong

Xiaowei Zhang

Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
Maintenance Company of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, China

6 Virtual synchronous generator frequency response study of energy computing and storage devices

Baoge Zhang , Shanyan Ping , Yi Long , Yuemin Jiao , Boxiang Wu

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 895-907 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142115

Keywords: damping coefficient energy storage capacity inertia coefficient virtual synchronous machine

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Abstract

Renewable energy sources are connected to the grid through inverters, resulting in reduced grid inertia and poor stability. Traditional grid-connected inverters do not have the function of voltage and frequency regulation and can no longer adapt to the new development. The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has the function of voltage and frequency regulation and has more outstanding advantages than the traditional inverter. Based on the principle of the VSG, the relationship between energy storage capacity, frequency response and output power of the VSG is derived, and the relationship between the virtual inertia coefficient, damping coefficient and frequency characteristics of the VSG and output power is revealed. The mathematical model is established and modeled using the Matlab/Simulink simulation software, and the simulation results verify the relationship between energy storage capacity and frequency response and the output power of the VSG.

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Authors and Affiliations

Baoge Zhang

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shanyan Ping

Yi Long

Yuemin Jiao

Boxiang Wu

School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China

7 Grid-side current harmonic suppression based on Butterworth filter and quasi-proportional resonance controller

Feng Zhao , Jianing Zhang , Xiaoqiang Chen , Ying Wang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 909-929 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142116

Keywords: Butterworth filter current harmonic suppression high-speed electric multipleunits quasi-PR controller traction drive system

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Abstract

In order to meet the lightweight requirements of high-speed trains, the inductancecapacitance (LC) resonance circuits are cancelled in the traction drive system of some high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) in China, which will lead to large low-order current harmonics on the grid side in the traction drive system of EMUs, seriously affecting the power quality. Therefore, the low-order harmonic current of the traction drive system of an EMU is studied in this paper. Firstly, the working principle of a four-quadrant pulse rectifier in a traction drive system is analyzed, and then the generation mechanism of loworder current harmonics on the grid side is studied deeply. Secondly, the voltage outer loop and current inner loop control of a four-quadrant pulse rectifier are optimized respectively. In the voltage outer loop control, a Butterworth filter is designed to suppress the beat frequency voltage of the DC side voltage, so as to indirectly suppress the low-order current harmonics. In the current inner loop, a quasi-proportional resonance (PR) controller with harmonic compensation is used to suppress low-order current harmonics, and a novel loworder current harmonics suppression strategy based on the Butterworth filter and quasi-PR controller is proposed. Finally, the results of the simulated validation of the proposed control strategy show that compared with the existing method of the notch filter ¸ PR controller, the proposed optimal control strategy has a better effect on low-order current harmonic suppression, and improves the dynamic performance of the control system, further showing the correctness and effectiveness of the optimal control strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Feng Zhao

Jianing Zhang

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaoqiang Chen

1 2

Ying Wang

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
Key Laboratory of Opto-Technology and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China

8 Fault-tolerant control for three-phase three-level T-type inverters with a redundant leg

Danjiang Chen , Liyuan Zheng

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 931-948 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142117

Keywords: fault diagnosis fault-tolerant control open-circuit fault phase-leg fault redundant leg T-type inverter

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Abstract

Three-level T-type inverters have lower total harmonic distortion in output voltage, higher power density and lower voltage stress of power switches compared with conventional two-level inverters and have been widely used in applications with a wide-power range. Reliability improvement is particularly important for the T-type inverters because of the increased number of power switches and high system complexity. This paper proposes a fault-tolerant topology, which is constructed by adding a redundant leg including halfbridge switches and neutral-point switches connected between the DC bus capacitors and the DC-link midpoint of the conventional T-type inverter. In addition, an after-fault control strategy is proposed based on the results of a fault diagnosis method using bridge voltage. The fault-tolerant control of the open-circuit fault of the power switches and the phase-leg fault can both be achieved by the proposed method. Experimental results are given to verify that the proposed fault-tolerant three-level T-type inverter can output the full voltage level and power during the fault-tolerant operation based on the proposed control strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Danjiang Chen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Liyuan Zheng

e-mail:

ORCID: