DNA polymerase is a kind of protein that performs an important function in copying genetic material - a fundamental process in the life of the cell. The high accuracy achieved in replication is only made possible by a wide diversity of polymerase types.
One of the options for reducing the rate of CO2 release, in order to stabilize its concentration in the atmosphere at some level, is the capture of carbon dioxide and its subsequent storage in either geological formations or in the ocean.
Refined genetic modifications can turn menacing Salmonella cells into something precious for contemporary molecular biology: a new kind of vaccine that targets particular species of bacteria.
Like airplanes and money, boundaries are creations of man: they are not natural and have become one of the main obstacles to protecting priceless natural assets.
Early 20th century Polish social movements took great pains to preserve Poland's cultural heritage during the times when the Polish lands were under foreign partition. One such organization, known as the Polish Society for Preserving Relics of the Past, gathered together an impressive collection of photographs of historical objects. To mark the 100th year anniversary of these outstanding efforts, the Polish Academy of Sciences has launched a project to digitize the collection.
Lactic acid bacteria, utilized by mankind for millennia, are now earning a new place for themselves in the modern world in view of their vast diversity. They are beginning to be valued not only for their probiotic properties, but also intensively studied for potential applications in biotechnology, medicine, and pharmacology.
The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery was established in 1956 to conduct research into the fundamentals of the performance, design, construction and development of machines and devices used for energy conversion in flows, to provide education and to implement new solutions in this area.
There can be no greater challenge for modem science than the discovery of how life began on Earth and whether suitable conditions for the existence and development of life may be found across the Universe.
Over thousands of years, amber has been used for decoration and as a kind of currency, magical substance, and medical cure. Coveted to this very day, amber has now become more than just a pretty stone - it holds sensational secrets for biologists.
Only a small minority of Poles surveyed believe that the prevailing social order is valid and fair. A clear majority believe that the wealthy must have come into their affluence via dishonest means, at the expense of those who are worse off.
What exactly is a planet? Back when mankind only knew five roaming celestial bodies visible to the naked eye, the answer was simple. But the recent discovery of more and more planets circling our own Sun as well as distant stars has made it necessary to reconsider the meaning of the term .
Ancient counterfeiters did not just copy coins of high denominations, made of gold and silver, but also forged "pennies;' i.e. low-value coins made of bronze, on a large scale. How were such imitations produced in late Roman Egypt, and did such forgers get away scot-free?
After vast deposits of oil were discovered under the North Sea, Norway was transformed from a poor country into a very rich one nearly overnight: this demonstrates how individual countries' affluence is still frequently determined by what riches await discovery under their soil.
Władysław Kunicki-Goldfinger devoted his professional career to studying the smallest organisms. Yet while scrutinizing the world under the microscope, he maintained extremely broad perspectives about the world at large. Of himself he used to say modestly: "I am a so-called scientist".
Power-plant waste products can in fact prove useful in purifying the environment, and even in washing our dirty laundry. Zeolites, an important component used in washing powders, can be obtained from the "fly ash" generated by power plants.
In this modern era of fast-paced economic changes, it is extremely important to evaluate what condition companies are in, i.e. to what extent they are exposed to the risk of bankruptcy. Based on a study of 500 companies in Poland, the Institute of Economics has developed a precise tool for estimating both the bankruptcy danger faced by companies, and their developmental potential.
Keeping alive ten centuries of history preserved on the pages of rare volumes requires not just sturdy, modern facilities but also institution staff able to keep up with the times.
Science has made significant progress in handling fluids at the microscale. Perhaps the most fascinating potential lies inherent in precisely-controlled methods for generating bubbles and droplets in miniaturized chemical laboratories.
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