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Number of results: 231
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Abstract

In this paper the new transformation of coordinates in three-dimensional space has been given. This transformation allows determination of the coordinates of the points in the new Cartesian coordinate system based on the reference point with known coordinates in initial Cartesian coordinate system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Martusewicz
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Abstract

The article presents a family of modified the so called general polynomial transition curves, determined with the purpose of being applied at the design of the grade line of roads. The designing conditions of those curves have been provided alongside detailed information on determination of particular designing parameters. The application methods of those curves in the process of the grade line designing, based upon economically justified minimization of earth works, have been presented as well.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kobryń
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The paper presents the method of robust estimation of variance coefficient. The concept of YRestimation presented in (6] is generalised in case of dependent observations. The basis of the method is usage of reinforcement matrix which guarantees the robustness of the estimate. The reinforcement matrix which is closely connected with the weight function of M-estimation, gives a possibility to perform robust adjustment. Thus such a method is also presented. At last, an example is shown too.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Duchnowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The article deals with the problem of application of the dynamic model of the geodetic control network in monitoring the subsidence of earthen structures. A tentative model of a control network coupled with a soil environment functioning model has been presented herein alongside an organization pattern of measuring and control works. Against such background the purposefulness of the use of the suggested algorithm in monitoring the condition of earthen structures has been discussed together with specification of the conditions that should be satisfied to make the use of the algorithm possible.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Zyga
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Abstract

This paper presents a new method of measuring of small inclination angles. The method consists in application of a pendulum with a diaphragm coworking with an optoelectronical barrier. Results of studies of the constructed device are also presented, they focused on determination of drift of the measured inclination angles as well as variation of the period of the complete oscillation of the pendulum for positive and negative angles of inclination. Variation of mean errors of the studied magnitudes for all test measuring series were analyzed graphically.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Wanic
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Abstract

The article is an extension of the suggestion published earlier on determination of the relative position of a point. Introduction of formulas to convert ortho-Cartesian coordinates of points to nondimensional numerical coefficients alongside reverse converting formulas is the main part of the thesis. The said formulas have been completed with demonstrative examples that verify the correctness thereof.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lech Pitoń
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Abstract

The article presents the putting into practice of a neural state estimator for navigational measurements. One of the basic problems of sea navigation is considered, which is the statistic working out of navigational measurements with the purpose of determining the estimated vector of the vessel's movement and position.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Stateczny
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Abstract

The article presents a family of the so called multinomial transition curves. It is possible to conveniently form the curvatures of those curves through appropriate choice of minimum radius of curve R, tangent gradient at starting point tgu0, and the abscissa of ending point xK, which affects the value of elementary design parameter C=Rtgu0/xK. The possibility to select C values from interval < 1/3; 2/3 > and the unusual position of the curves within the Cartesian coordinate system make them remarkably useful for example at designing road grade lines in order to accomplish optimum compatibility with the relief. The foregoing being borne in mind, the article presents appropriate methods of designing road grade line with the use of the said curves.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kobryń
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The article presents the elementary coordinate calculating formulas (simple and reverse problems) of the Gauss-Kruger projection in wide meridional zone. The formulas that make it possible to calculate the values oflocal area distortions and reductions of directions, angles and lengths, have been presented as well.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Balcerzak
Jan Panasiuk
Bogusław Gdowski
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Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the space, known in the theory of reliability, of observational gross errors or blunders absolutely undetectable in the least-squares estimation process in linear Gauss-Markov models. The analysis is based on a general relationship linking the observational disturbances and a model response. Although the definition of this space is identical with that given by [l] it is arrived at in a slightly different way. Several properties of this space are formulated, one of them showing its connection with the reliability level of a model with uncorrelated observations. Although the linearized models are included in the theory, the approach applied to them, being basically a simple extension of that proposed for linear models, can not be considered as a complete proposal for practical purposes. The theory is illustrated with examples taken from engineering surveys.
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Prószyński
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Abstract

The geodetic law defines fundamentals of the prospective land information system. Construction of an information system may be based upon difTerent designing assumptions. The purpose of this article is to outline the problems connected with the construction of information systems and presentation of the basis of land information systems designing using object bases. The article presents the elementary characteristics of systems currently in use and the advantages of object solutions. The suggested application of object bases to the construction of land information systems will be backed up by simple examples connected with the construction of an object model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Lewandowicz
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Abstract

The article presents a spatial data model describing a geographical space which makes it possible to automatically generalize data once the scale of a map has changed. To that end the Molenaar FDS data structure, extended by the geometrical rule, has been applied. The so formed spatial data model has been checked upon the example of the road network of ,,Downtown Cracow", confirmation of the accepted rules for the FDS structure having been acquired.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Chrobak

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