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Number of results: 74
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Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine rumination time (RT) and the subsequent milk yield, along with trait changes during lactation dependent on the reproductive status of dairy cows. 728 cows were selected for evaluation in regards to 1–150 days of milk production (DIM). According to their period of lactation and reproductive status, the cows were selected for the following groups: Inseminated (1–35 days after insemination, n=182), Open (45–90 days after calving, n=126), Fresh (1–44 days after calving, n=45); Not-pregnant (>35–60 days after inse- mination and not-pregnant, n=55); Pregnant (35–60 days after insemination and pregnant (n=320). The animals were milked with Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots. The daily milk yield, rumination time, bodyweight, milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count and gynecological status date) were collected from the Lely T4C management program for analysis. We estimated the lowest productivity in the pregnant cows, where the average milk yield was 28.72 kg and the highest productivity in the fresh cow (p<0.001) (Table 1). The longest rumina- tion time was determined for the inseminated cows, statistically significantly higher at 9.92% (p<0.001) than in the non-pregnant cows, whose rumination time was the shortest. The statisti- cally reliably RT positively correlated with productivity (r=0.384, p<0.001) of the cows (from r=0.302 in the second lactation and r=0.471 in the first lactation to r=0.561 in multiparous cows; p<0.001). Rumination time, according to groups of cows by milk yield, had a tendency to increase (2.14 times) from 202.0± 87.38 (in cows with a productivity of less than 10 kg milk) to 431.6±33.91 (in cows with a milk yield higher than 50 kg) by the linear regression equation: y = 38.02x + 232, R² = 0.721 (p<0.001). The relation between the gynecological status and milk fat-protein ratio of the cows was statistically significant (χ2=2.974, df= 8, p <0.0001). The longest rumination time was determined for the inseminated cows (1 – 35 days after insemination), and the shortest for the not-pregnant cows (>35 – 60 days after insemination and not-pregnant). We can conclude that rumination time, subsequent yield, and milk trait change depends on the period of lactation and reproductive status of a dairy cow.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Antanaitis
V. Žilaitis
V. Juozaitienė
A. Noreika
A. Rutkauskas
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Abstract

The relative relationships “yield – evapotranspiration” were used long time ago. The well known linear relationship yi = 1 – ky (1 – ei), where yi is relative yield, ky – yield response factor and ei – relative evapotranspiration was proposed. It’s usually assumed that ky is constant for a given crop and climatic conditions. It was found, however, that ky for late variety of maize H 708 varied through the study years (1984–1990) in the Plovdiv region (South Bulgaria, altitude 150 m). During the dry years it was significantly higher than in the medium and humid years. The range of ky for maize in this location was 1.12–1.90, the average value being 1.50. The climate in the Sofia region (the ex-perimental field of Chelopechene, altitude 550 m) is comparatively more humid. The two regions approximately outlined the boundaries of the appropriate economical conditions for grain maize pro-duction. The experiments in the Sofia region were carried out in the years 1994–2000. The seven years results for mean variety maize showed that the relationships “yield – evapotranspiration” and, respectively, ky varied at these climatic conditions too. The highest ky value was 1.41 for the driest year (2000) and the lowest value – 1.05 for the most wet years (1995, 1999). The value of ky for av-erage years was 1.21. The yield response factor ky is of more significance when the relative evapotranspiration is less than 0.7–0.8. Thus, the extreme or the average values of ky could be used for the corresponding climatic regions. The relationships between ky and relative yield were estab-lished without considering irrigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bojidara Mladenova
Ivan Varlev
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Abstract

Lublin Upland and Roztocze region are known for the occurrence of a large number of springs of high yield. These springs are fed mainly from Cretaceous or Tertiary water-bearing horizon. In order to determine variability of springs’ yield, 61 selected springs were analysed in spring periods of the years 1998–2008. Collected hydrometric materials allowed for comparing average and extreme yield values of springs in various physiographic regions within the period of 11 years. Average value was 76.1 dm3·s–1, while the mean of the minimal yields was 44.7 dm3·s–1 and of the maximal – 132.7 dm3·s–1. Coefficient of irregularity of the springs’ yield ranged from 1.5 to 5.0, which may lead to the conclusion that the springs’ yield is constant or varies slightly. In some cases the irregularity was higher but it was determined by hydrogeological, meteorological and local factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisław Michalczyk
Stanisław Chmiel
Sławomir Głowacki
Beata Zielińska
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Abstract

Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) yielding potential depends on environmental conditions (precipitation, temperature, soil). The aim of the work was to evaluate stability of yielding (and other traits) of three soybean cultivars (Abelina, SG Anser, Merlin) grown under the climatic conditions of central-eastern Poland. The studied material was obtain in a field experiment conducted at Łączka (52°15' N, 21°95' E) during the growing seasons of 2017–2019. Trait stability was determined based on Shukla’s genotype stability variance and Wricke’s ecovalence describing the genotype-by-environment interaction. For all the examined parameters, there were found significant differences between successive growing seasons, cultivars, and cultivars within study years. The greatest influence of environmental conditions (years) was determined for plant height (64%) and first pod height (54.2%). Stability parameters indicated that cv. Abelina was the most stable in terms of yielding, 1000 seed weight, seed number per pod and average seed number per pod, cv. SG Anser being the least stable in this respect
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Rymuza
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Radzka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Siedlce, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences 14 Prusa St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Abstract

The paper attempts to assess the extent of crop loss in rubber plantations in India, measured in terms of loss in latex and timber output and thereby to examine the comparative economics of plant protection measures against Phytophtora spp. induced abnormal leaf fall (ALF). The specific objectives were: a) to examine the extent of loss in latex and timber output in unsprayed plots vis-a-vis sprayed plots across prominent rubber clones; b) estimate the value of loss in latex and timber output across clones between sprayed and unsprayed plots; c) examine the comparative economics of plant protection measures in terms of the incremental costs and the incremental returns from sprayed plots across clones; and d) reflect upon the policy imperatives with respect to region specific Research and Development (R&D) interventions on plant protection measures in India. The study brings out significant clonal differences in loss of latex and timber output in the absence of prophylactic spraying against ALF. The observed clonal differences with respect to feasibility of plant disease control measures indicate the need for region and clone-specific recommendations for plant protection measures in India instead of the currently followed unilateral prescription with due allowance to the costs and potential benefit accrued from the control measures. The study also highlight the need for evolving interventions and agro-management/ plant protection measures for minimising the incidence of tree casualty in rubber plantation, as it amounts to loss of potential income from latex and timber from rubber plantations in India, dominated by the smallholder sector

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Authors and Affiliations

Pozhamkandath K. Viswanathan
Tharian George Kadavil
Chakkasseril Kuruvilla Jacob
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Abstract

The article presents the results of tests on SHC-40 hydraulic props equipped with two types of valve blocks: standard (with spring steel cylinder) and BZG-2FS (with gas spring). The research was conducted using impact mass of 4,000 kg and with extreme dynamic load of free fall impact mass of 20,000 kg released from different heights h. The dynamic tests involved a camera with the speed of image capture up to 1,200 frames/sec, which made it possible to register the stream of liquid at the dynamic load and to determine the valve opening time. The study conducted on SHC-40 NHR10 props equipped with two types of valve blocks: a standard and the BZG-2FS fast acting relief, showed that the prop with the BZG-2FS block is more suitable and more effective in the case of areas with high risk of mining tremors and rapid stress relief of a seam. Research methodology developed in the Central Mining Institute combines digital recording technique of pressure in a prop and fast registration of the images, and allows to acquire more accurate analysis of dynamic phenomena in the prop during testing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Pytlik
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Abstract

The investigations were carried out in 1996–2005 on the fields of Agricultural Experimental Station Department of SGGW Chylice in Mazowieckie voivodeship. The occurrence of diseases was assessed in 1996–2000 on winter wheat cv. Kobra, and in 2001–2005 on cv. Mikon. Weather conditions in ten-year experimental period were differentiated and had a distinct influence on plant infection by pathogens, as well as on the level of winter wheat yielding. In the first part of experimental period (1996–2000) the weather was characterized by higher temperatures compared to long-term average and higher amount of rainfall, with the exception of the year 2000 when the summer drought occurred. The highest for that period grain yield (54.70 dt/ha) was obtained in 1998. This was related to the lowest total infection of leaf surface area (22.76%) and a relatively low index of infection of stem base by Tapesia yallundae. In that year mass of 1 000 grain was also the highest. The lowest grain yield (40.80 dt/ha) was recorded in 2000 due to summer drought. In 1997 characterized by a high level of infection by T. yallundae (eyespot) obtained grain yield was also relatively low. In the second part of the experiment conducted on cv. Mikon (2001–2005) the lowest grain yield was recorded in 2001 (28.85 dt/ha) when per cent of leaf area infection of 2 upper leaves by Puccinia recondita (brown rust) was very high (44.79%), and the highest yield was obtained in 2003 (57.27 dt/ha). This was due to a moderate level of total leaf infection (30.21%) with fungal pathogens and favourable weather conditions for wheat development. In that year mass of 1 000 grain was also the highest. The occurrence of stem base infection by Fusarium spp. was maintained in the years 1996–2005 on differentiated level and it was lower in earlier years compared to the later period. The infection of ears by Leptosphaeria nodorum and Fusarium spp. was usually not high and its influence on the amount of grain yield not clearly evident. Chemical control of diseases influenced grain yield increase which was the highest in 2001 when winter wheat leaves were heavily infected by Puccinia recondita. The yield increase on fungicide treated plots was in that year 53.15%. It was evident that brown rust may pose a serious threat to winter wheat in the years of its high occurrence.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jaczewska-Kalicka
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Abstract

In the four-year experiment the impact of four different barley varieties and selected two-and three-component mixtures were tested. The studies were carried out at two sites: Experimental Station for Variety Testing Słupia Wlk. (Wielkopolska region) and Plant Breeding Station Bąków (Opole District) during four growing seasons (2001/2002–2004/2005). The aim of the studies was to evaluate the yield through growing barley variety mixtures in combination with reduced use of fungicide and application dose rates. Positive effects (1–15% yield increase in mixtures compared to pure stands) were observed. On the base of obtained results it can be stated that winter barley variety mixtures can constitute an alternative way of growing winter barley, especially at low-input and ecological agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Tratwal
John Law
Haidee Philpott
Andy Horwell
Jane Garner
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Abstract

Fusarium avenaceum, F. oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp. were the most often isolated species from fiber seeds. The antagonistic action of Trichoderma lignorum T 13–82 in relation to seed contaminants was evaluated. The use of Trichodermin-BL, based on that antagonist, applied as pre-sowing seed treatment and on growing plants decrease diseases incidence. The application of Trichodermin-BL improved a set of biometrical and physiological parameters during crop vegetation, increased the yield and raised flax fiber quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lyudmila Pristchepa
Dmitry Voitka
Evgeniya Kasperovich
Natalya Stepanova
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the association between subclinical acidosis (SARA) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) with biomarkers from an automatic milking system (AMS) measuring in relation to rumination time (RT), milk yield (MY), bodyweight (BW), milk temperature, the milk fat-to-protein ratio, and the electrical conductivity of milk at the udder quarters-level which can be read in fresh dairy cows. During the course of the study, all of the fresh dairy cows (n=711) were examined according to a general clinical investigation plan. The cows were selected for 1-30 days of milk (DIM) and were milked using Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots with free traffic. Rumination time shows a statistically significant positive correlation with milk yield (milk temperature) and is negatively correlated with the fat and protein ratio. Healthy cows demonstrated the highest level of rumination time and the lowest milk temperature. The average BW for these cows was 1.64% lower than for the SARA group and the BW kg was 2.10% higher than SCK cows. MY was 14.01% lower in comparison with SARA and 6.42% higher in comparison with SCK. According to these results, some biomarkers from the AMS have an association with SARA and SCK. However, further research with a higher number of cows is needed to confirm this conclusion.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Antanaitis
V. Juozaitienė
D. Malašauskienė
M. Televičius
M. Urbutis
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Abstract

Energy conservation is an important step to overcome the energy crisis and prevent environmental pollution. Casting industry is a major consumer of energy among all the industries. The distribution of electrical energy consumed in all the departments of the foundry is presented. Nearly 70% of the energy is consumed especially in the melting department alone. Production of casting involves number of process variables. Even though lot of efforts has been taken to prevent defects, it occurs in the casting due to variables present in the process. This paper focuses the energy saving by improving the casting yield and by reducing the rejections. Furthermore an analysis is made on power consumption for melting in the induction furnace to produce defective castings and improvement in the casting yield. The energy consumed to produce defective castings in all other departments is also presented. This analysis reveals that without any further investment in the foundry, it is possible to save 3248.15 kWh of energy by reducing the rejections as well as by improving the casting yield. The redesign of the feeding system and the reduced major rejection shrinkage in the body casting improved the casting yield from 56% to 72% and also the effective yield from 12.89% to 66.80%.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Chokkalingam
V. Raja
M. Dhineshkumar
M. Priya
R. Immanual
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Abstract

Inflammation together with lipolysis and ketogenesis in early lactation can cause low productivity and may be harmful to the cow health. The objective of the study was to determine if ketoprofen treatment in the first days following parturition would positively affect the milk production and whether it was associated with the metabolic and inflammatory response. The study was conducted on 30 cows divided into two groups of 15 cows each. The experimental group was treated with 3 mg × kg. bw. -1 ketoprofen for three consecutive days after parturition. The blood samples were collected on the first day of treatment and in the first and second week postpartum and they were analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), tumour necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) and haptoglobin. The results suggested that ketoprofen-treated cows with a higher milk production had a significantly lower concentration of NEFA, BHB, TNF-a and haptoglobin in the first and second week postpartum. No differences were found in the control group in metabolic status regardless of the achieved level of milk production. Ketoprofen administration in postpartum cows can enhance the milk yield. The higher milk yield in the experimental group might be associated with a lower degree of lipolysis, ketogenesis and reduced inflammatory response in the first two weeks postpartum.
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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Kovacevic
D. Stojanovic
M. Cincovic
B. Belic
I. Davidov
N. Plavsa
M. Radinovic
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Abstract

Evolutionary computing and algorithms are well known tools of optimisation that are utilized for various areas of analogue electronic circuits design and diagnosis. This paper presents the possibility of using two evolutionary algorithms - genetic algorithm and evolutionary strategies - for the purpose of analogue circuits yield and cost optimisation. Terms: technologic and parametric yield are defined. Procedures of parametric yield optimisation, such as a design centring, a design tolerancing, a design centring with tolerancing, are introduced. Basics of genetic algorithm and evolutionary strategies are presented, differences between these two algorithms are highlighted, certain aspects of implementation are discussed. Effectiveness of both algorithms in parametric yield optimisation has been tested on several examples and results have been presented. A share of evolutionary algorithms computation cost in a total optimisation cost is analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Jantos
J. Rutkowski
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Abstract

Plant tissue culture techniques have become an integral part of progress in plant science research due to the opportunity offered for close study of detailed plant development with applications in food production through crop improvement, secondary metabolites production and conservation of species. Because the techniques involve growing plants under controlled conditions different from their natural outdoor environment, the plants need adjustments in physiology, anatomy and metabolism for successful in vitro propagation. Therefore, the protocol has to be optimized for a given species or genotype due to the variability in physiological and growth requirement. Developing the protocol is hampered by several physiological and developmental aberrations in the anatomy and physiology of the plantlets, attributed to in vitro culture conditions of high humidity, low light levels and hetero- or mixotrophic conditions. Some of the culture-induced anomalies become genetic, and the phenotype is inherited by clonal progenies while others are temporary and can be corrected at a later stage of protocol development through changes in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. The success of protocols relies on the transfer of plantlets to field conditions which has been achieved with many species through stages of acclimatization, while with others it remains a challenging task. This review discusses various adjustments in nutrition, physiology and anatomy of micro-propagated plants and field grown ones, as well as anomalies induced by the in vitro culture conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Myśków
Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza
Sandra Sokołowska
Stefan Stojałowski
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Abstract

Two different porous ceramic carriers with immobilized activated sludge comprised a stationary filling of the reactors. Municipal wastewater was treated at hydraulic retention times from 15 to 70 min and internal circulation capacity of 20, 40 and 60 drn':h'. Depending on hydraulic retention time, the sludge yield ranged from 0.138 to 0.066 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor I and from 0.175 to 0.107 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor li. An increase in volumetric loading rate and internal circulation capacity caused a reduction in sludge yield. A decrease in the sludge yield corresponded to an increase in the ratio of endogenous to substrate respiration by the immobilized biomass
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Zielińska
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
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Abstract

The energy sector, particularly that related to renewable energy, is growing rapidly. The analysis of factors influencing the production of electricity from solar radiation is important in terms of the ever-increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) installations. In Poland, the vast majority of installed PV capacity belongs to prosumers, so a comparative analysis was conducted for two domestic installations, one in southern Poland and the other located in central Poland. Operating conditions were compared, specifically with regard to irradiance, outdoor temperature and the calculated temperature of photovoltaic cells. The specific yield was then compared in daily, monthly and annual statements. The effects of the previously mentioned parameters on the energy yields of the two installations were considered. The installation in southern Poland in 2022 produced 5,136.6 kWh, which corresponds to a specific yield of 1,019.17 kWh/kWp, while the energy production of the installation in central Poland was 4,248.9 kWh, which corresponds to a specific yield of 965.67 kWh/kWp.
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Authors and Affiliations

Emilia Kazanecka
1
Piotr Olczak
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences; AGH University of Science andTechnology, Kraków, Poland
  2. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

The research aimed to find suitable solutions to reduce the salinity stress of irrigation water for some types of vegetables in hydroponics under two drip and mist irrigation systems. The different concentrations of NaCl for irrigation water, are 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ppm used. Proline (30 mg∙dm –3), humic acid (300 mg∙dm –3) and compared without any from them were used to study their effect on the yield, and water use efficiency. The results indicated that the highest spinach and courgette yield (4.657 and 5.153 kg∙m –2) was observed for the DP500 treatment, and the lowest yield (0.348 and 0.634 kg∙m –2) was observed for the SW4000 treatment, respectively. The use of humic acid led to an increased yield on average by about 16.8 and 19.3% for spinach, and 39.4 and 51.7% for courgette, under drip and mist irrigation, respectively. Using proline led to an increased average yield of about 32.9 and 33% for spinach, and 51.8 and 58.4% for courgette, under drip and mist irrigation, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) of spinach and courgette (43.1 and 51.5 kg∙m –3) was observed for the DP500 treatment, and the lowest (3.2 and 6.3 kg∙m –3) was observed for the SW4000 treatment. According to our study, the use of proline and humic acid could compensate for the adverse effects of salinity under mist spraying more than drip irrigation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed I. Abd-Elhakim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, Nadi El-Said St., P.O. Box 256, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract

Salinity is one of the most significant abiotic stress factors influencing crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Plants’ response to salinity stress depends on the cultivated genotype. A pot experiment was conducted to study the impact of two concentrations of sodium chloride (4 and 6 dS∙m–1) on some physiological and production traits of 58 chickpea genotypes. A genetic variation in the response of the investigated chickpea genotypes for NaCl-induced salinity stress was noted. Studied morphophysiological traits and yield components were affected under salt stress in all genotypes tested. Plant height was observed to have the lowest rate of reduction (32%, 48%) at 4 and 6 dS∙m –1, respectively. Leaf stomatal conductance decreased as salinity increased. Salinity stress conditions affected all studied yield components, but there was a genetic variation in the response of the studied genotypes. Under no stress conditions and compared to the other genotypes, the number of pods was significantly higher in BG362 genotype. The seed number was significantly higher in ILC9076 genotype. The 100 seed weight was significantly higher in the genotype ILC2664. The mean seed yield was significantly higher in ILC9354 and the harvest index was significantly higher in ILC8617. In general, salinity stress caused the reduction of all parameters. We assume that the assessment of tolerance of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes to salinity stress should be based on a complex of morpho-physiological traits and analysis of yield complement.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hayat Touchan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oqba Basal
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Aleppo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Aleppo, Syria
  2. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Department of Applied Plant Biology, Böszörményi Rd, 138/B, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Abstract

The Sianjo-anjo reservoir is used to meet the need for downstream clean water. Land activity at the Sianjo- anjo reservoir watershed can potentially increase the rate of erosion and the silting of rivers and reservoirs due to sedimentation. Reservoir siltation is a crucial challenge for reservoir management because it can reduce its function and affect its service life. However, sediment yield is often overlooked in reservoir planning and environmental assessment. This study aims to predict the rate of land erosion and sediment yield, and create an erosion hazard map of the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed. The study used a Geographic Information System, GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method and discovered that the erosion rate of the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed was between 35.23 Mg∙ha –1∙y –1 until 455.08 Mg∙ha –1∙y –1, with 95.85% classified as the low level, 0.03% as moderate, and 4.12% as high. Meanwhile, the sediment yield from the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed was 218,812.802 Mg∙y –1. USLE is vital to identify areas susceptible to erosion and crucial for reservoir sustainability. Furthermore, it is necessary to plan good sediment management. Long-term land conservation is required to maintain storage capacity and ensure effective operation of the reservoir.
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Authors and Affiliations

Felia Gusma
1
Azmeri Azmeri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Faris Z. Jemi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hafnati Rahmatan
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Syech Abdur-Rauf No. 7 Darussalam, 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Electrical Engineering Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Biology Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of controlled-release monensin on the automatic registered body condition score (BCS), and biomarkers registered using a fully automated inline analyzer, such as milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY) and milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Two experimental groups were formed: (1) monensin group (GK) supplemented with monensin (a monensin controlled release capsule (MCRC) of 32.4 g, n = 42) and (2) control group (GO) (capsule containing no monensin, n = 42). Treatment began 21 days before calving, and the experiment was finished one month after calving. In order to gather data about MY, BHB, and LDH, Herd Navigator a real-time analyzer (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used together with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). BCS was measured using 3D BCS cameras (DeLaval, DeLaval International AB). All data were registered at one, 15 and 30 days after calving. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) package. It was concluded that in the group of cows with monensin supplement (a monensin controlled release capsule of 32.4 g,), the body condition score was statistically significantly higher at the 15th (+0.24, p=0.003) and 30th (+0.52, p<0.001) days after calving, the productivity of cows in this group increased by 10.25% from the 1st to the 15th day and by 22.49% from the beginning of the experiment to the 30th day (p<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase activities at the 15th and 30th days after calving in this group were lower (p<0.001), and also in this group, the number of cows with a value of β-hydroxybutyrate of 0.06 mmol/L decreased from the beginning of the experiment to 30 days after calving by 4.70% (from 19.00% to 14.30%) compared with the control group.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Urbutis
1
V. Juozaitienė
2
G. Palubinskas
3
K. Džermeikaitė
1
D. Bačėninaitė
1
R. Bilskis
4
W. Baumgartner
5
R. Antanaitis
1

  1. Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio St. 58, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
  3. Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences,Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
  4. Animal Husbandry Selections, Breeding Values and Dissemination Center, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto St. 10A, Akademija, Lt-53361 Kaunas Distr., Lithuania
  5. University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heat stress on production performance and oxidative stress in different plumage colors of Japanese quail. For this purpose, a total of 100 birds were used in this study. The 25 birds belonged to Wild-type (n=25, grey), Tuxedo (n=25, black), Golden (n=25, yellow) and Recessive white (n=25). The birds were reared for 42 days in an environmentally controlled room at 39°C and relative humidity of 60-65%. The body weight, body weight gain (g/bird/day), and feed conversion ratio were not different between the groups (p>0.05). However, the feed intake (g/bird/day) of the Wild-type had a higher value than the Tuxedo (black) group counterparts between 15 and 21 days different (p<0.05). There was no significant effect of heat stress on the carcass traits (p>0.05). Spleen weights were different between the groups (p<0.05). The yellow group had the highest spleen weight. The highest MDA level was found in the Recessive White variety, followed by Wild-type (grey), Golden (yellow) and Tuxedo (black), respectively. However, there were no statistical differences amongst the groups (p>0.05). There was also no statistical significance in glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (p>0.05). The heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) level was significantly different between the groups (p<0.001). The highest percentage was observed in the Golden (5.06%) and the lowest in the White (1.43%) variety.
There was no superior color variety of Japanese quail regarding fattening performance and carcass traits. It is conceivable that when considering the stress response of the different colors, the Golden group is more sensitive to stress due to the hepatic and cellular level of HSP70.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Aslan
1
Y. Baykalir
2
U.G. Simsek
3
B. Gul
4

  1. Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Zootechny, Izmir 35890, Turkey
  2. Balikesir University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Balikesir 10463, Turkey
  3. Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Elazig 23200, Turkey
  4. Firat University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing, Elazig 23200, Turkey
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Abstract

Lignite still plays a key role in the production of electricity in Poland. About one-third of domestic electric energy comes from lignite burned in large power plants that produce megatons (Mt) of bottom ash and fly ash annually. Nearly 11 wt% of the total ash generated by the lignite-fired power industry in Poland comes from lignite extracted from the Konin Lignite Mine. Part of the ash escapes into the atmosphere, and the rest is utilized, which is expensive and often harmful to the environment; hence, geochemical studies of these ashes are fully justified and increasingly carried out. The lignite samples examined in this paper represent the entire vertical section of the first Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1) mined in opencasts at Jóźwin IIB, Drzewce, and Tomisławice. First, the samples were oxidized (burnt) at one of three temperatures: 100, 850, and 950°C; then the chemical composition of oxides and trace elements was determined according to the ASTM D6349-13 standard. The ashes were rich in SiO2 and CaO; Ba, Sr, and Cu dominated the trace element content. Among the harmful elements found, Pb is of most concern. Only a few elements (Ba, Cu, Pb, Sb) reached values higher than their corresponding Clarke values. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the examined ashes are approximately as harmful to the environment as ashes from other lignite used to generate electricity. Moreover, the increased amount of CaCO3 in the MPLS-1 is beneficial in the process of natural desulphurization.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lilianna Chomiak
Marek Widera

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