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Abstract

Bullying at work is a long-standing area of research interest that requires investigation of the role of the individual exposed to systematic negative behaviour. Studies using cross-sectional samples and broad personality measures have found some distinguishing personal characteristics of employees who are bullied compared to others. Few, however have applied theoretical frameworks to explain why personality can play a part in why an individual ends up at the receiving end of bullying and harassment at work. This article applies an overall and specific theoretical model, the vulnerability thesis, to investigating the role of temperament in relation to workplace bullying. The results show that (1) some employees exposed to bullying at work also acted as perpetrators (provocative victims), that (2) exposure to bullying at work is connected with temperamental emotional vulnerability, and that (3) hostility and self-oriented aggression mediate the role of personality in the form of temperament in relation to workplace bullying. Strengths and weaknesses and potential practical implications for helpers of employees exposed to bullying at work are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Malgorzata Gamian-Wilk
Brita Bjorkelo
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Abstract

The development of economy and industry introducing new technologies and materials often means the increased threat of occurrence of factors harmful to humans and environment. Workers employed in foundries as mould pourers are the group of high professional risk. Foundry moulding sands when poured with liquid metal are a source of the emission of harmful, toxic and carcinogenic (benzene, PAHs) compounds. The paper presents the results of studies on the concentration of chemical compounds emitted in the process of casting aluminium alloy and brass using moulding sands with the new inorganic binders. The specific values of the exposure indices were compared with the limit values. This enabled an assessment of the impact of moulding sands on work environment. The obtained results were compared with the values of contaminants emitted when pouring foundry moulds made from furan sands and bentonite sands with an addition of coal dust. Studies were carried out under the project POIG.01.01.02-00-015/09 "Advanced materials and technologies."
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Authors and Affiliations

I. Szanda
M. Żmudzińska
J. Faber
K. Perszewska
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Abstract

This article characterizes the etiology of temporomandibular disorder with particular emphasis on emotional factors that have a major impact on the development of these dysfunctions and the most common their symptoms. They mainly affect people in the third and fourth decade of life and women predominate among this group of patients.
The article analyzes the current literature (Pub Med Database, Scopus and EMBASE) in relation to the conditions in the work environment, which often constitute important causes of emotional tensions, constant state of mental tension and susceptibility to the effects of stressors, which have an impact on the state of functioning of the musculoskeletal system of the masticatory system.
Despite the high frequency of temporomandibular disorders, unfortunately only a few studies describe the influence of harmful factors related to the work environment, and own experience (information from the patient’s interview) and data from the literature indicate a significant share of these factors in the devel-opment of temporomandibular disorder. The relationships and anatomical connections affecting the influence of stressors on the functioning of masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints are also discussed. In conclusion, it should be stated that the work environment and the emotional tensions generated in it constitute a serious sociological problem and increase the risk of developing and intensify the symptoms of TMD.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Pihut
1
Magdalena Orczykowska
1
Andrzej Gala
1

  1. Prosthodontic and Orthodontic Department, Dental Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Occupational risk is closely related to work environment. For the same positions, but in different working conditions threats and level of risk can be different. For this also estimating the degree of damage hazard the largest possible should be adopted effects. However, when estimating probability occurrence of threats should include, among others: working conditions, events from the past, or possible employee behavior (in particular those that may be the cause of an accident at work). The source of the above information may be data from statistics or observations of work stations. The article presents the assessment of occupational risk at the position of the laser cutter operator, which was carried out using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method. According to this method, occupational risk is determined on the basis of two parameters, i.e.: consequences of C and probability of consequences P. In turn, the probability of consequences is the sum of three factors: frequency of hazard F, probability of event O and avoidability or damage limitation A.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michal Palega

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