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Biomass Yield in Porous Ceramic Carriers for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Magdalena Zielińska Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2010 | vol. 36 | No 3 | 15-25
Keywords Immobilization of activated sludge wastewater treatment biomass yield
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Abstract

Two different porous ceramic carriers with immobilized activated sludge comprised a stationary filling of the reactors. Municipal wastewater was treated at hydraulic retention times from 15 to 70 min and internal circulation capacity of 20, 40 and 60 drn':h'. Depending on hydraulic retention time, the sludge yield ranged from 0.138 to 0.066 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor I and from 0.175 to 0.107 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor li. An increase in volumetric loading rate and internal circulation capacity caused a reduction in sludge yield. A decrease in the sludge yield corresponded to an increase in the ratio of endogenous to substrate respiration by the immobilized biomass
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Zielińska
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła

Study on Pre-Cleaning of Post Production Wastewater Containing Organic Glue by the Process of Coagulation with the Use of Calcium Hydroxide

Barbara Juraszka Tadeusz Piecuch
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2008 | vol. 34 | No 4 | 47-61
Keywords Organic adhesive wood processing wastewaters treatment coagulation
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Juraszka
Tadeusz Piecuch

The Czajka Wastewater Treatment Plant

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 2 (78) Pollution | 68-73 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.147032
Keywords waste treatment Czajka Wastewater Treatment Plant water purification
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Abstract

Wastewater generated in the Warsaw metropolitan area is neutralized at one of the most modern treatment plants in Poland.
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Bacteriological Pollution of the Atmospheric Air at the Municipal and Dairy Wastewater Treatment Plant Area and in Its Surroundings

Ewa Korzeniewska Zofia Filipkowska Anna Gotkowska-Płachta Wojciech Janczukowicz Bartosz Rutkowski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2008 | vol. 34 | No 4 | 13-23
Keywords air pollution bioaerosol wastewater treatment plant Enterobacteriaceae Staphylococcus Enterococcus actinomycetes
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Abstract

Microbiological studies were carried out of atmospheric air sampled on the area and in the surroundings of a mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plant (WTP) treating municipal sewage. The capacity of the wastewater treatment plant, which also received some wastewater from the dairy industry, was ca 3· 103 m3d-1. Counts ofheterotrophic psychrophilic, psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria as well as some physiological groups of microorganisms which belong to Enterobacteriaceae family, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus genera, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa species, hemolysing bacteria and actinomycetes were analyzed. Air samples were collected in summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons simultaneously by the sedimentation and impact methods at 6 sites located on the area of the WTP and at 5 sites situated in its surroundings. The background was established depending on the direction of wind, always on the windward side in relation to the location of the WTP. In addition, temperature and air humidity as well as wind speed and direction at each sampling sites were observed. Statistically significant differences were found in studied groups of microorganisms counts between air samples collected in different seasons of the year (with the exception of psychrophilic bacteria and by the two different methods (with the exception of psychrophilic bacteria) and microorganisms which belong to Enterobacteriaceae family). The highest mean counts of the microorganisms were usually determined in air samples collected by the sedimentation method, especially during the autumn (with the exception of actinomycetes, which are the most numerous in spring), the lowest ones in winter and/or in summer. No statistically significant differences were observed in counts of the analyzed groups of microorganisms in air sampled at particular sites (with the exception of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated on Chromocult medium). However, higher counts of these microorganisms were typically found in the air sampled in the area of the WTP, particularly near the grit chamber, phosphorus removal tank, nitrification and denitrification chambers and secondary settling tank. According to the Polish Standards used for evaluation of atmospheric air pollution, the air sampled in the area of wastewater treatment plant and in its surroundings was classified as only slightly and sporadically strongly polluted. It was mainly in the spring and autumn seasons that the air was strongly polluted with psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria. No increased emission of the analyzed groups of microorganisms, including faecal bacteria was determined in the air samples collected outside the WT
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Korzeniewska
Zofia Filipkowska
Anna Gotkowska-Płachta
Wojciech Janczukowicz
Bartosz Rutkowski

The new report of domestic wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation using Dieffenbachia seguine constructed wetland coupling microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC)

Pimprapa Chaijak Phachirarat Sola
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 57-62 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.144737
Keywords wastewater treatment biodegradation microbial fuel cell electricity generation macrophyte biocatalyst
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Abstract

The constructed wetland integrated with microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) has gained attention in wastewater treatment and electricity generation owing to its electricity generation and xenobiotic removal efficiencies. This study aims to use the CW-MFC with different macrophytes for domestic wastewater treatment and simultaneously electricity generation without chemical addition. The various macrophytes such as Crinum asiaticum, Canna indica, Hanguana malayana, Philodendron erubescens, and Dieffenbachia seguine were used as a cathodic biocatalyst. The electrochemical properties such as half-cell potential and power density were determined. For wastewater treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other chemical compositions were measured. The results of electrochemical properties showed that the maximal half-cell potential was achieved from the macrophyte D. seguine. While the maximal power output of 5.42±0.17 mW/m2 (7.75±0.24 mW/m3) was gained from the CW-MFC with D. seguine cathode. Moreover, this CW-MFC was able to remove COD, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate of 94.00±0.05%, 64.31±0.20%, 50.02±0.10%, 48.00±0.30%, and 42.05±0.10% respectively. This study gained new knowledge about using CW-MFC planted with the macrophyte D. seguine for domestic wastewater treatment and generation of electrical power as a by-product without xenobiotic discharge.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pimprapa Chaijak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Phachirarat Sola
2
  1. Thaksin University, Thailand
  2. Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) (TINT), Thailand

Sustainable sewage sludge management in Morocco: Constraints and solutions

Abdessamad Ghacha Lailal Ben Alla Mohammed Ammari
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 46 | 71-83 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2020.134199
Keywords disposal recovery sewage sludge sustainable management wastewater wastewater treatment plant
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Abstract

The remarkable development of sanitation in Morocco has inevitably led to the production of sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants in increasing quantities. Consequently, the problem of sludge management becomes persistent and worrying.

The aim of this paper was to contribute to the study of sewage sludge management issue in Morocco by identifying the various constraints hampering the sustainable disposal and/or recovery of municipal sewage sludge and drawing up rec-ommendations for the decision-makers. Moreover, in the context of improving by learning from best practices and seeking common solutions regarding this problematic, benchmarking with other countries has been conducted as well.

To carry out this study, a methodological approach was defined based on bibliographic research, surveys, interviews and benchmarking.

The constraints hampering the sustainable management of sludge are numerous and complex, they have not been tech-nical and environmental but also a regulatory, institutional-organizational and economic-financial nature yet. Therefore, municipalities, government and academia ideally would be encouraged to participate in the decision-making process re-garding the management of sewage sludge. Technical solutions, when coupled with stakeholder participation, can lead to policy implementation with a higher chance of improving the present situation.

In the case of Morocco, when comparing with others sludge recovery and disposal routes, land application (reuse in ag-riculture, silviculture and rehabilitation of degraded soils) remains the most environmentally friendly option, as well as a sustainable and economically viable solution.

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Authors and Affiliations

Abdessamad Ghacha
Lailal Ben Alla
Mohammed Ammari

Technological reliability of sewage treatment plant with the Pomiltek Mann type bioreactor

Karolina Kurek Piotr Bugajski Agnieszka Operacz Dariusz Młyński Andrzej Wałęga
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 46 | 146-152 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2020.134207
Keywords pollution indicators technological reliability wastewater treatment plant Weibull method
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Abstract

The aim of the work was to determine the technological reliability of the selected pollution indicators removal BOD5, CODCr and total suspension from the sewage treatment plant working with the bioreactor Pomiltek Mann type. Wastewater treatment plant which is a subject of this study is located in Lesser Poland, in Siepraw commune. The analysis was per-formed using the Weibull method for basic indicators of impurities, BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids. Physico-chemical analyses of raw and treated wastewater, were carried out in the period from 2003 to 2014 (11 years). The research period included measured values of pollutions indicators in 38 samples of raw and treated sewage. For each of pollution indicators descriptive statistic, percentage reduction (��) and treatment plant reliability factors (RF) were calculated. Aver-age reduction for BOD5 and TSS was on level equal 94%, only for COD the average reduction was lower and was on level 89%. The reliability values determined by Weibull method, were: 75% (BOD5), 90% (CODCr) and 89.5% (TSS). The relia-bility results have been lower than the presented by literature source, which means that work of wastewater treatment plant in Siepraw was not satisfied in 11 years of research.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Kurek
Piotr Bugajski
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Operacz
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Młyński
Andrzej Wałęga

Performance of pozzolan in trickling filter for secondary treatment of urban wastewater in Tlemcen, Algeria

Amina Hamidi Fadila Belarbi Hamid Bouchelkia Racha M. Bouchenak Khelladi
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 55 | 166-177 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.142318
Keywords physicochemical parameters pollution pozzolan trickling filter wastewater treatment
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Abstract

The research aims to study the purification performance of a local and natural material as an input or as a biological filter for treating urban domestic wastewater. For this purpose, pozzolan was used as the biofiltration support that was provided from Beni Saf located in the North-West of Algeria. Tests were carried out with a specially modified pilot unit (TE900) for wastewater treatment over a period of four months.
To assess the efficiency of the treatment, two main parameters have been focused on – the height of the sprinkler filter (40 cm and 80 cm) and the flow rate (10, 16, and 25 dm 3∙h –1). Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on raw wastewater and treated water. The obtained results show that the Beni Saf pozzolan-filled trickling filter eliminates a large fraction of the studied pollutants. The purification yields obtained are fairly encouraging; 98% for turbidity, 88% for suspended solids ( SS), 94% for chemical oxygen demand ( COD), and 98% for biological oxygen demand ( BOD 5). As for bacterial indicators, the formation of biofilms has significantly reduced bacterial activity with a percentage of over 80%.
It can be concluded that the reduction of pollutant parameters clearly indicates the effectiveness of the treatment by this ecological process. Therefore, the use of local and natural materials for wastewater treatment can be a promising alternative based on sustainable environmental technologies and development.
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Authors and Affiliations

Amina Hamidi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fadila Belarbi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hamid Bouchelkia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Racha M. Bouchenak Khelladi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Tlemcen, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulics, URMER, BP 230, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
  2. University of Tlemcen, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulics, Laboratory of Valorization of Water Resources, Tlemcen, Algeria

New generation of semipermeable membranes with carbon nanotubes for water and wastewater treatment: Critical review

Michał Bodzek Krystyna Konieczny Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | 47 | 3 | 3-27 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.138460
Keywords Carbon Nanotube (CNT) CNT functionalization CNT freestanding membranes mixed matrix CNTmembranes water and wastewater treatment
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Abstract

Environmental applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently attracted worldwide attentiondue to their excellent adsorption capacities and promising physical, chemical and mechanical properties, as well asthe preparation of novel membranes with attractive features for water purification. This paper critically reviews therecent progress on the preparation and applications of CNT based membranes in water and wastewater treatment. Various synthesis techniques for the preparation of CNT based membranes are discussed. The functionalization ofCNTs, which involves chemical/physical modification of pristine CNTs with different types of functional groups,improves the capabilities of CNT for water and wastewater treatment and/or removal of waterborne contaminants.The CNT-based membrane applications are found to possess a variety of advantages, including improving waterpermeability, high selectivity and antifouling capability. However, their applications at full scale are still limitedby their high cost. Finally, we highlight that CNT membranes with promising removal efficiencies for respectivecontaminants can be considered for commercialization and to achieve holistic performance for the purpose ofwater treatment and desalination. This paper may provide an insight for the development of CNT based membranesfor water purification in the future. With their tremendous separation performance, low biofouling potential andultra-high water flux, CNT membranes have the potential to be a leading technology in water treatment, especiallydesalination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bodzek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krystyna Konieczny
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  3. Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Poland

Filamentous Microorganisms Occurring in Foam of Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants and Possibilities Their Identification

Liliana Kalisz Marcin Każrnierczuk
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2006 | vol. 32 | No 4 | 35-42
Keywords biological wastewater treatment plants activated sludge foam filamentous microorganisms methods of identification of microorganisms from foam
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Abstract

In many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) inconveniences resulting from foam formation on the surface of activated sludge wastewater treatment devices appear. Foaming phenomenon is related to the characteristics of raw sewage and applied technological parameters of activated sludge process which promote the development of specific foam-forming filamentous microorganisms. In bulking activated sludges there are about 30 species of filamentous microorganisms and in the foam not more than about 1 O species. Basic method of identification of filamentous microorganisms present in foam are microscopic investigations which can be performed both in vivo by direct observation of no stained, so called living smears, with contrast - phase device and in stained smears alter different stain methods in direct light or dark field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Liliana Kalisz
Marcin Każrnierczuk

Performance prediction and control for wastewater treatment plants using artificial neural network modeling of mechanical and biological treatment

Hussein Y.H. Alnajjar Osman Üçüncü
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 2 | 16-29 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.145893
Keywords artificial neural network wastewater treatment total phosphorus total nitrogen biological oxygen demand
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Abstract

Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants appears to be one of the most crucial factors in water quality management and planning. Though, measuring this important factor is challenging, and obtaining reliable results requires signifi can`t effort. However, the use of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling can help to more reliably and cost-effectively monitor the pollutant characteristics of wastewater treatment plants and regulate the processing of these pollutants. To create an artificial neural network model, a study of the Samsun Eastern Advanced Biological WWTP was carried out. It provides a laboratory simulation and prediction option for flexible treatment process simulations. The models were created to forecast influent features that would affect effluent quality metrics. For ANN models, the correlation coefficients RTRAINING and RALL are more than 0.8080. The MSE, RMSE, and MAPE were less than 0.8704. The model’s results showed compliance with the permitted wastewater quality standards set forth in the Turkish water pollution control law for the environment where the treated wastewater is discharged. This is a useful tool for plant management to enhance the quality of the treatment while enhancing the facility’s dependability and efficiency.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hussein Y.H. Alnajjar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Osman Üçüncü
1
  1. Karadeniz Technical University Civil Engineering Faculty Hydraulic Department, Trabzon, Turkey

Removal of microplastics in unit processes used in water and wastewater treatment: a review

Michał Bodzek Alina Pohl
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | vol. 48 | No 4 | 102-128 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.143713
Keywords water and wastewater treatment microplastics removal physical treatment chemical technology biological process
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Abstract

Many tons of micro- and nano-sized plastic particles enter the aquatic environment every year, due to increasing plastic production, with the consequent risk of microplastics contaminating our environment. Addressing this multifaceted threat requires innovative technologies that can efficiently remove microplastics from the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the efficiency of the removal of microplastics by different water and wastewater treatment technologies. After short overviewed the source, occurrence, and potential adverse impacts of microplastics to human health, we then identified promising technologies for microplastics removal, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. A detailed analysis of the advantages and limitations of different techniques was provided. According to literature data, the performance of microplastics removal is as follows: membrane bioreactor (>99%) > activated sludge process (~98%) > rapid sand filtration (~97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (>90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separation, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of microplastics removal. Hybrid treatment such as the MBR-UF/RO system, coagulation followed by ozonation, adsorption, dissolved air flotation, filtration, and constructed wetlands based hybrid technologies have shown very promising results in the effective removal of microplastics. Lastly, research gaps in this area are identified, and suggestions for future perspectives are provided. We concluded this review with the current challenges and future research priorities, which will guide us through the path addressing microplastics contamination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bodzek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alina Pohl
1
  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland

Efficiency and reliability of sewage purification in long-term exploitation of the municipal wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge and hydroponic system

Karolina Jóźwiakowska Michał Marzec
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2020 | vol. 46 | No 3 | 30-41 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134533
Keywords wastewater treatment activated sludge hydroponic system efficiency and reliability of operation Weibull’s reliability theory
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Abstract

The aim of the work was to analyze the effi ciency and reliability of pollutants removal (total suspended solids – TSS, BOD5, COD) in a collective wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge and hydroponic lagoon during its long term operation. The tested object was designed to treat wastewater in flowing through the sewerage system and wastewater delivered by the septic truck. The projected capacity of the treatment plant was 1200 m3∙d-1. The technological system for wastewater treatment consisted of a mechanical part, a flowing biological reactor working according to the BARDENPHO process, a secondary settling tank and a hydroponic lagoon. The efficiency and reliability of pollutants removal in the analyzed treatment plant were assessed on the basis of the data concerning influent and effluent wastewater collected during the years 2011–2018. On the basis of the measurements results, there were determined characteristic values of the selected pollution indicators in wastewater and the average efficiency of pollutants removal. The technological reliability of the wastewater treatment plant was assessed for the basic pollution parameters (BOD5, COD, TSS) in accordance with the elements of the Weibull’s reliability theory, with regard to normative values of the indicators specified in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment. The analysis was carried out using the Statistica 13.1 software. It was proved that in the wastewater treatment plant with an activated sludge and hydroponic lagoon the level of organic pollutants removal expressed by BOD5 was on average 99.5%, COD – 98.1% and TSS – 99.4%. The technological reliability of the system was 100% in terms of the removal of pollutants from the basic group, which means that during the long term operation (8 years) it provided failure-free operation and guaranteed the fulfillment of the requirements that can be found in the Polish law regulations concerning the analyzed pollutants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Jóźwiakowska
1
Michał Marzec
2
  1. Student, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
  2. Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland

Wastewater reuse and mapping of irrigable soils: Case of Sidi Bel Abbes City, Algeria

Zakari Mahfoud
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 46 | 153-161 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2020.134208
Keywords bacteriology physico-chemical parameters reuse soil Sidi Bel Abbes City wastewater wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
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Abstract

This work aims to evaluate the treated wastewater from the activated sludge treatment plant in the City of Sidi Bel Ab-bes (North-Western Algeria) which is required for reuse in irrigation. The control of irrigated areas downstream is done based on a pedological study. Physico-chemical analysis such as (pH, BOD5, COD and SS) indicate results in Algerian and international standards required by the WHO. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Electrical Conductivity values of the treated wastewater belong to the C3-S1 class. The treated wastewater has a fairly good microbiological quality that meets Algerian standards. The helminth eggs are practically absent. The concentrations of heavy metals are much lower than the limits prescribed in the Algerian decrees. Therefore, the overall processing plant efficiency is satisfactory and has the char-acteristics of a good treated water quality for reuse in the field of irrigation while protecting the environment. The pedolo-gical study of the soil samples shows that the most dominant fraction is undeveloped calcimagnetic. The planned irrigation plain covers an area of about two thousand hectares. Depending on the crops to irrigate; the development and nature of the necessary or recommended improvements, the proposed irrigation perimeter could be classified into five categories in which only three categories are irrigable. Water projects have been proposed to ensure the irrigation of three subdivided sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zakari Mahfoud

Assessment of the stability and reliability of the water treatment plant in Nowy Sącz using control cards

Paulina Śliz Piotr Bugajski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 251-256 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140396
Keywords Control cards pollution reduction efficiency stability of wastewater treatment technological reliability water treatment plant
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Abstract

The subject of the study was to evaluate the stability and reliability of the sewage treatment plant in Nowy Sącz. The scope of the analysed indicators included the main indicators of wastewater contamination: BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand), CODCr (chemical oxygen demand), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (Ntot), and total phosphorus (Ptot). The operation stability of the sewage treatment plant in Nowy Sącz was determined on the basis of control cards x for 24 observations made in the period 2018–2019 (2 years). Moreover, the technological reliability of the tested sewage treatment plant (WN) was determined based on the values of the analysed pollution indicators in treated sewage and their permissible values. On the basis of the conducted analyses, full stability of the removal process of most of the analysed contaminants was found. In no case was there any crossing of the control lines, only a single grouping of samples above the help line in the case of total nitrogen, which could indicate a periodical disturbance in the stability of the removal process of this compound. On the basis of the obtained values of the reliability coefficient, which were below WN = 1.00, reliable operation of the analysed facility was found, with a high degree of reduction (ƞ) of the analysed pollutants. The method of determining the technological reliability and stability of the treatment plant with the use of control cards is an effective and easy tool for detecting any disturbances and instabilities in the processes taking place in the tested facility. It enables the operator to take quick action to remove them, thus ensuring a safe wastewater treatment process for the environment and human health.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Śliz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Bugajski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Cracow, Poland
  2. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Engineering Sanitary and Water Management, Cracow, Poland

Development of an automated system for electrochemical production of coagulant based on photocolorimetric analysis

Andrii Safonyk Ivanna Hrytsiuk Marko Klepach Maksym Mishchanchuk Andriy Khrystyuk
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 75-80 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139946
Keywords coagulant colour of water electrocoagulation process photocolorimetric method RGB total iron wastewater treatment
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Abstract

The article describes the development of a model problem for electrocoagulation treatment of industrial wastewater taking into account changes in voltage and current. The study included computer simulation of the change in the concentration of iron at the output of the electrocoagulator at variable current levels. The laboratory-scale plant was developed for the photocolorimetric analysis of the iron-containing coagulant. It consisted of a flowing opaque cell through which water is pumped with a constant flow and also the block for processing and storage of information. Such structure allows to reduce human participation in the measurement process and to ensure the continuity of measurement without any need for sampling of the tested material, as well as to reduce the measurement cost. During the processing of results, graphical dependences were determined between RGB-components of water colour and the corresponding concentration of total iron and Fe3+ in water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrii Safonyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ivanna Hrytsiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marko Klepach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maksym Mishchanchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andriy Khrystyuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Automatics, Cybernetics and Computer Engineering, Soborna St, 11, Rivne, Rivnens’ka oblast, 33028, Ukraine

Electrospun niobium oxide 1D nanostructures and their applications in textile industry wastewater treatment

Marta Zaborowska Weronika Smok Tomasz Tański
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 2 | e144941 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144941
Keywords electrospinning niobium oxide photocatalysis MB and RhB removal textile wastewater treatment
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Abstract

Textile industry emits daily huge amounts of sewage rich in non-biodegradable organic compounds, especially in textile dyes. Such contaminants are highly soluble in water, which makes their removal difficult. Other studies suggest their carcinogenicity, toxicity and mutagenicity. A promising chemical treatment of textile wastewater is the photodegradation of dye molecules in the process of photocatalysis in the presence of a photocatalyst. One-dimensional nanostructures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio and a quantum confinement effect, making them ideal candidates for nanophotocatalyst material. Nb2O5 is, among other metal oxides with a wide band gap, gaining popularity in optical applications, and electrospun niobium oxide nanostructures, despite their ease and low cost, can increase the chemical removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Facile synthesis of electrospun one-dimensional niobium oxide nanofibers is presented. The nanophotocatalysts morphology, structure, chemical bonds and optical properties were examined. Based on photodegradation of aqueous solutions (ph=6) of methylene blue and rhodamine B, the photocatalytic activity was established. The photocatalytic efficiency after 180 minutes of ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of Nb2O5 nanofibers was as follows: 84.9% and 31.8% for methylene blue and rhodamine B decolorization, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Zaborowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Weronika Smok
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Tański
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Research of the process of biological wastewater treatment under conditions of uneven load of the treatment system

Andrii Safonyk Oleg Rogov Maksym Trokhymchuk Olena Prysiazhniuk Ihor Prysiazhniuk
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2024 | No 60 | 32-38 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.148456
Keywords activated sludge concentration biological wastewater treatment reactors mathematical model nonuniformity conditions organic contaminants
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Abstract

The main purpose of the article is to develop a multifactorial model for rapid assessment of the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment reactors. A mathematical model of the process of biological wastewater treatment has been developed based on: changes in the concentration of organic contaminants in the bioreactor over time, taking into account the uneven flow of wastewater to the treatment plant, the process of substrate entering the bioreactor (different amounts may enter at different times). The software implementation of the proposed algorithm for solving the corresponding model problem in Python is carried out. The results of computer experiments on the study of the efficiency of wastewater treatment in biological treatment reactors for different operating conditions of facilities are presented. In particular, such processes were considered with taking into account the unevenness of the load, because the maximum cleaning loads are in the morning and in the evening. The task was solved to simulate a real situation and show how cleaning takes place at the maximum load at a certain time of the day. The results obtained will be useful for calculations in the design of biological treatment facilities or in the reconstruction of existing bioreactors for their prospective operation under new operating conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrii Safonyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg Rogov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maksym Trokhymchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Prysiazhniuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ihor Prysiazhniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Energy, Automatics and Water Management, Department of Automation, Electrical Engineering and Computer-integrated Technologies, 11 Soborna St, 33028, Rivne, Ukraine
  2. Rivne State University of Humanities, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, 31 Plastova St, 33000, Rivne, Ukraine

Efficiency of wastewater purification in medium sand with a lightweight expanded clay aggregate assisting layer

Marek Kalenik Piotr Wichowski Marek Chalecki Adam Kiczko
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 57 | 30-38 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.145333
Keywords domestic wastewater infiltration drainage domestic wastewater purification individual wastewater treatment plant – individual WWTP lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) soil bed
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Abstract

The objective of this experimental study was to examine whether an assisting layer of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) of the granulation 1–4 mm, introduced into a subsoil, is able to improve an efficiency of removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from domestic wastewater. In the investigations, an assisting 0.10 and 0.20 m thick LECA layer was applied. It has been observed that the effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen and total phosphorus from wastewater as well as the level of biochemical oxygen demand ( BOD 5) and chemical oxygen demand ( COD) is in accordance with the Polish standards on wastewater disposal into grounds and surface water. The performed experiments showed that the effectiveness of raw wastewater purification for the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20 m thick assisting LECA layer is higher than for the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. In the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20 m thick assisting LECA layer, the removal efficiency regarding total nitrogen increased by 20.6%, total phosphorus by 5.2%, ammonium nitrogen by 8.8% and TSS by 5.3%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD 5 increased by 1.7% and COD by 2.3% with relation to the 0.10 m thick assisting LECA layer (all percentages – in average). The results of the experiment showed that the LECA with the granulation 1–4 mm can be used to assist in removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from wastewater with application of infiltration drainage.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kalenik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Wichowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Chalecki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kiczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Building Structures, Warsaw, Poland

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