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Modulating the activity of fluoropyrimidines against colorectal cancer by Vitamin D and its analogs

Michał Jurczyk Aleksandra Midro Magdalena Król Weronika Olesiak Dariusz Stąpor Anna Gil Krzysztof Gil
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2022 | Vol. 62 | No 3 | 51-62 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2022.142368
Keywords vitamin D colorectal cancer 5-fluorouracil fluoropyrimidines
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second most deadly cancer. Scientists have projected that by 2040, the prevalence will reach up to 3.2 million new cases annually due to population aging, disadvantageous diet transformations, and elevated exposure to risk factors. In the past decades, the five-year survival rate in colorectal cancer has significantly increased to 65% due to the development of an early endoscopic diagnosis and new chemotherapeutic approaches. Fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine, are commonly used to treat CRC. One of the most fundamental mechanisms of 5-FU is based on the inhibition of thymidylate synthase. This action is responsible for the therapeutic, but also toxic, effects of the drug. In this short review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin D activity on colorectal cancer cells in relation to fluoropyrimidines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to January 2022 for studies on vitamin D and 5-fluorouracil interaction mechanisms. Original studies, case reports, and review articles were included.
Vitamin D or its analogs target multiple biochemical pathways and modulate numerous pathophysiolo-gical mechanisms in the course of colon cancer, including those related to the pharmacological sites of fluoropyrimidines. However, the available data concerning vitamin D–fluoropyrimidine pharmacological interactions are limited, especially regarding patients suffering from colon cancer and being treated with fluoropyrimidines.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Jurczyk
1
Aleksandra Midro
1
Magdalena Król
1
Weronika Olesiak
1
Dariusz Stąpor
1
Anna Gil
1
Krzysztof Gil
1
  1. Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases

Kamil Skowron Ilona Pawlicka Krzysztof Gil
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2018 | vol. 58 | No 2 | 103-118 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2018.124662
Keywords vitamin D dihydroxycholecalciferol calcitriol vitamin D receptor ophthalmology angiogenesis inflammation retinopathy retinoblastoma age-related macular degeneration corneal epithelium
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Abstract

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the American and European population is estimated to be extremely high. Although fewer people today suff er from serious health problems related to calcium and phosphate metabolism resulting from vitamin D deficiency, there are more and more studies suggesting that calcitriol may play an important role in the pathogenesis of other diseases in virtually every body system. A growing body of research shows that through its ubiquitously expressed receptor, calcitriol displays potent anti-angiogenic an anti-inflammatory activity. Th is review summarizes recent discoveries regarding these non-classical eff ects of vitamin D and their clinical implications. Data collection focused on the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases as well as on the underlying mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Skowron
Ilona Pawlicka
Krzysztof Gil

Vitamin D status and its associations with clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with Addison’s disease

Karolina Zawadzka Katarzyna Matwiej Grzegorz Sokołowski Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner Anna Skalniak Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2021 | Vol. 61 | No 2 | 65-78 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2021.137224
Keywords primary adrenal insufficiency Addison’s disease vitamin D autoimmunity
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Abstract

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that several autoimmune diseases, as well as their activity, are associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VD insufficiency in patients with Addison’s disease (AD), as well as to evaluate associations between VD concentrations and various clinical and laboratory parameters of the disease.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 31 adult patients diag-nosed with autoimmune Addison’s disease, in whom serum VD was measured. We assessed correlations between serum VD and various clinical and laboratory parameters.
Results: 90.3% of AD patients had inadequate VD concentrations (<30 ng/mL), and 19.3% of them were found to be severely VD deficient (<10 ng/mL). Among assessed laboratory variables, only serum calcium concentrations significantly correlated with VD status (r = 0.53, p = 0.006). The mean serum VD con-centration was significantly lower in patients with severe fatigue (15.17 ± 8.41 vs 26.83 ± 12.29 ng/mL, p = 0.011) and limited exercise capacity (12.38 ± 6.9 vs 21.63 ± 10.87 ng/mL, p = 0.016).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of VD deficiency in AD patients, as well as the association between low VD concentrations with symptoms such as severe fatigue or limited exercise capacity. Further studies are needed to clarify if impaired VD status is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of AD and to assess if VD supplementation improves the quality of life of AD patients.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Zawadzka
1
Katarzyna Matwiej
1
Grzegorz Sokołowski
2
Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner
2
Anna Skalniak
2
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk
2
  1. Students’ Scientific Group of Endocrinology at the Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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