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History and Normative Status of the Preposition / Prefix од- in Modern Ukrainian

Liudmyla Dyka Maria Shvedova
Slavia Orientalis | 2022 | vol. LXXI | No 4 | 797-818 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2022.143220
Keywords standardization variants preposition prefix Ukrainian
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Abstract

The article deals with the history of competition and standardization between the variants од‑/ від‑ (both as preposition and prefix) in the Ukrainian language. Historically they are related to different groups of dialects. In the southwestern dialectal zone, with the exception of the northern dialects of the Volyn and Carpathian areas, the variant від‑ prevails, while the variant од‑ is predominant in the north of the country. The variant од‑ was typical for standard Ukrainian of the 19th‑early 20th century. After a period of competition with від‑ it lost out because of the artificial limitation of its use. This happened in the early 20th century due to the desire to employ forms that would give the literary language a national character, since the від‑ variant is notably different from both Polish and Russian. The history of од‑/ від‑ competition is investigated on the material of dictionaries, 1920s’ grammars and modern linguistic research. The history of од‑/ від‑ preposition and prefix variants was researched as well within the Ukrainian language corpus, which includes texts from the 19th to the 21st centuries. Shown are the points of variation related to regional and chronological properties, to authors’ individual preferences and to certain lexemes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Liudmyla Dyka
1
Maria Shvedova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”

Evaluation of data obtained from expert opinions in multi-criteria analyses of construction investment variants

E. Szafranko
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2016 | No 2 | 205-216
Keywords multi-criteria evaluation construction project variants expert opinions
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Abstract

Planning a construction project, the investor frequently faces the choice of the option of the planned investment. Assessment of options is difficult due to the complex nature of construction projects. Various methods of multicriteria evaluation are successfully applied in the assessment and analysis of options. For those methods to work, a handful of information must be prepared beforehand. Among others, it is necessary to establish the assessment criteria and determine their weight for specific cases. This stage is implemented in cooperation with experts. The results of evaluations, obtained on the basis of the experts' opinions, must be processed and prepared. The paper will discuss one possible option for assessing the experts' opinion.

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Authors and Affiliations

E. Szafranko

Word‑formative Variants of Male Personal Proper Nouns in the Lutsk Castle Book of 1560‑1561

Lesya Yashchuk Oksana Lytvynchuk
Slavia Orientalis | 2022 | vol. LXXI | No 1 | 193-206 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2022.141154
Keywords name word‑formative variant formant derivative heritage site
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Abstract

The article is devoted to an analysis of the suffixal and truncated suffixal variants of male Christian names in the Lutsk castle book of 1560‑1561(2013), and the identification of productive / unproductive formants in the composition of the researched names. The Polish academic I. Mytnik prepared a monograph Anthroponymy of Volynia of the 16th‑18th centuries (2010), using a wide source base – 58 manuscripts and 32 printed sources, but this 16th‑century Volyn literary heritage site did not serve as a basis for her study. Having studied the word‑formative derivatives of the male Christian names in the Lutsk castle book of 1560‑1561 we came to the conclusion that the most productive formants are ‑k(o) (67 variants) and ‑ets (40 variants); the suffixes ‑yna (10), ‑uk (9), ‑ash (6), ‑osh (4) show a slightly lower productivity. With the help of the suffixes ‑k(a), ‑yk, ‑ysh, ‑ut(a), ‑yts(a) 2 nominal variants are formed. Names with the formants ‑ok, ‑as, ‑ys, ‑os, ‑ay constitute single examples. The most commonly used names in Volyn documents from the middle of the 16th century were Yatsko / Ya(ts)ko (35 bearers), Fede(ts) / Khvede(ts) (22), Vasko / Va(s)ko (20), Hrytsko / Hry(ts)ko, Yvane(ts) (18), Le(v)ko (15), Andree(ts) / Andr± e(ts) (14), Yvashko / Yva(sh)ko, Matys (11), Mykhno, Tyshko / Ty(sh)ko, Fe(d)ko / Khve(d)ko (10). Among the truncated suffix name variants, the most productive form is ‑khno: it being attested in 9 names. While the most commonly used name is Mykhno (10 bearers).
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Authors and Affiliations

Lesya Yashchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oksana Lytvynchuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University
  2. Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University

S1 gene based phylogeny of Israel variant-2 infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Turkey in a five year period

İ.B. Müştak H.K. Müştak N. Bilgen
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 45-50 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140839
Keywords broilers genotyping infectious bronchitis virus molecular epidemiology Israel variant 2
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Abstract

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an important disease that causes severe economic loses in the poultry industry worldwide. Furthermore, the spread of new variants poses a challenge for diagnosis and control of the disease. This study investigated the situation of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), specifically the Israel variant-2 (IS var-2) also known as GI-23 genotype, in Turkey. Between 2014 and 2019, 214 flocks vaccinated against H120 from Marmara, Western Black Sea, and Inner Anatolia were examined, with 127 (59.3%) flocks testing positive for IBV, of which 92 (72.4%) were positive for IS var-2. Of the latter samples, 60 were randomly selected and subjected to full S1 gene sequencing. The analysis indicated that the field strain in Turkey was located on the same branch as the GI-23 genotype, which is one of the most frequently observed wild-type cluster found in the Middle East. The DNA similarities between the GI-23 isolates from 2014 to 2019 were 99%. In conclusion, the IS var-2 genotype has been circulating in broiler flocks in Turkey. It is recommended that establishing the vaccine strategy it should be considered the current circulating strains for the prevention and control of the disease among poultry.
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Authors and Affiliations

İ.B. Müştak
1
H.K. Müştak
1
N. Bilgen
2
  1. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, İrfan Baştuğ street, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, İrfan Baştuğ street, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey

Adiaphoric variants and historical semantics: A case study

Sonia Maura Barillari
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2022 | No 1 | 5-18 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2022.141246
Keywords Jean Bodel Le vilain de Farbu barbeoire papeoire adiaphoric variants
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Abstract

This paper analyses two adiaphoric variants in the handwritten tradition of a fabliaux by Jean Bodel, Le vilain de Farbu: barbeoire (ms. B) and papeoire (ms. H). Both couplets d’octosyllabes (the one containing barbeoire in B and the one containing papeoire in H) are coherently integrated into the textual structure to the point of appearing practically interchangeable. But the two variants are less interchangeable: if barbeoire could easily replace papeoire in H, since both have in common the seme of frightening, of terrifying, which is used to connote the woman’s attitude, papeoire would have little meaning in relation to arbalestiax in B, whether it is intended as ‘jester’ or purely as ‘crossbowman’. This leads us to suppose that the original lesson is papeoire, a term that, if not already used to designate the mannequin attested in later Picardy folklore, at least bears the meaning in which we recognise its etymological root, ‘devourer’, an attribute always associated with the figure of the monster. This term was certainly familiar to both the author and the copyist of H, both Picards, but probably not to the copyist of B (or to the copyist of an antigraph at the highest levels of this branch of stemma) who, not understanding it, may have considered it appropriate to intervene in the phrasal system in order to adapt it to a known noun close to the original unintelligible one.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sonia Maura Barillari
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Università Di Genova

Variantivity of Anglicisms in Modern Polish and Russian – a Lexicographic Perspective

Anna Romanik
Slavia Orientalis | 2022 | vol. LXXI | No 2 | 389-404 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2022.142185
Keywords Anglicisms dictionary of foreign words lexicography Polish Russian variantivity
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Abstract

The present work discusses the issues of the variantivity of borrowings from English into modern Polish and Russian. The material for study is variants of English borrowings (based on spelling, spelling and pronunciation, stress pattern, and morphology), excerpted mainly from newest dictionaries of foreign words that have been published over the last 15 years. The analysis aims to determine common “regular correspondencies” of such variants present in the two Slavic languages under discussion, and to identify the individualised variances typical of a particular national language. An important objective of the study is also to specify the reasons why alternative forms have been emerging so numerously in both languages, and to unearth some problems underlying the variantivity of Anglicisms. The research presented in this paper is significant for several perspectives: firstly, variantivity is a challenge to lexicographers and normative linguists still attempting to standardise the enormity of foreign lexical items of an unstable form. Secondly, the fact that a given item has its equivalents poses a problem to average language users who are often confused and do not know how to write or pronounce a word, with dictionaries not necessarily being helpful in this respect. The obtained results may encourage further steps towards the systematization of principles governing the adaptation of borrowings and the attempts to tame the present escalating chaos in Polish and Russian literature on the subject.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Romanik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Białystok, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku

Multi-Criterion Assessment of Different Variants of Casts Manufacturing Processes

S. Kukla
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2014 | No 3 | DOI: 10.2478/afe-2014-0060
Keywords Application of information technology to the foundry industry automation and robotics in foundry Multi-criterionassessment of variants Modelling and simulation of production processes
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Abstract

The paper presents the issue of production processes improvement in foundries in the area of finishing treatment of iron casts

manufactured on automated foundry lines with vertical or horizontal mould division. Due to numerous factors which influence

the efficiency of the processes, multi-criterion assessment tools were proposed in order to select the optimal solution for the assumed

criteria. After determining the criteria weight using the Saaty method, a simulation experiment was designed and carried out which

presents possible scenarios of casts finishing treatment operations. Basing on experiment reports from a computer model, particular

solutions were evaluated using the Yager’s method. The evaluation of the experiment results was performed by experts who assessed

different options according to each of the criteria adopted. After the establishment of the total standardized ratings by averaging the scores

given by individual experts, the final decision was generated. Using the presented method, the best solution was chosen from among

the analyzed scenarios.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Kukla

The use of multi-criteria assessment to select a general contractor for a development investment

Mariola Książek-Nowak Marek Ozimek
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 573-589 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138519
Keywords tender for the implementation of the investment general contractor multi-criteria assessment decision variant criterion ideal point method
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Abstract

The article presents the tender procedure used to select the best – according to the investor’s requirements – variant of the offer for the General Contractor of a development investment. The subject of the contract was the comprehensive construction of a complex of single-family, semi-detached buildings with a traditional brick structure. In the opinion of the authors of the article, a well-thought-out selection of an appropriate contractor is one of the most important elements of the investment process, because it has a direct impact on the fluency of the construction stage and the future use of the investment, during the warranty period. In addition, a diligently conducted tender procedure allows to minimize the risk of selecting an unprofessional contractor and thus allows to counteract many possible problems and conflicts during the implementation of the subject of the contract. At the stage of the tender procedure, four variants of offers for the comprehensive implementation of the construction of a complex of single-family semi-detached buildings of the following criteria: price (C1), lead time (C2), form of payment (C3), liquidity (C4), experience (C5) and resources (C6). In this article, the authors presented in details the calculation procedure using the ideal point method. Conducting a multi-criteria assessment of variants, based on the selected methods, also clearly verified the strengths and weaknesses of all tenderers, enabling the selection of the best one in the light of the adopted assessment criteria.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariola Książek-Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Ozimek
2
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Kiloutou Polska Sp. z. o. o., ul. Rokicinska 142 Z, 92-412 Łódz, Poland

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