This paper presents the problem of the increasing negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on urban residents based on land surface temperature (LST). It is assumed that water bodies in the agglomeration remain cooler than the air and surrounding urban areas. The study aimed to determine the impact of water bodies and surrounding areas covered by trees on the temperature of an urban area and to minimise the impact of UHI on the life quality of people in the temperate climate zone at day temperatures 25°C (W day) and 29°C (H day). In the adopted research methodology, 167 reservoirs, larger than 1 ha, located within 300 m of urban areas, were analysed. Satellite thermal imagery, spatial land use data (Corine Land Cover), and local land characteristics were used. The average temperature of the reservoirs was appropriately at 4.69°C on W day and 1.9°C for H day lower than in residential areas. The average temperature of areas at a distance of 30 m from the reservoirs was 2.69°C higher onWand 0.32°C higher on H than the water of the reservoirs. The area covered by trees was 0.52°C lower on W day and 0.39°C lower on H day than the residential areas located at a distance of 300 m from the reservoir. On terrestrial areas, the lowest temperature was observed in the area covered by trees within 0–30 m from reservoirs both on warm and hot days. Based on the results of this study, UHI mitigation solutions can be suggested.

The article describes selected activities included in the climate change adaptation program implemented by the city of Lisbon. It analysed changes in public spaces, ways of implementing individual tasks, as well as planning documents, architectural, technical and natural solutions. Special attention was paid to the role of research in shaping and directing urban policy.
Economical management of drinking water and rainwater is integrated with the creation of new public green spaces with different functions. It is evident that there is a desire to create a continuity of green zones, where new plantings not only promote the improvement of perceived thermal comfort, but also become new attractive pedestrian and bicycle routes. Of great interest to residents are the newly created allotment gardens, aimed at the development of urban agriculture. Some of the investments, located in tourist areas, are also of image importance, which helps build the ‘green brand of the city’, and the appreciation of Lisbon’s efforts in this regard was the award of the title of European Green Capital in 2020. The biggest challenge, however, is still to improve the accessibility and quality of public transportation.
Observing the implementations, it can be seen that all pro-climate measures coincide with the broader public interest and have positive effects on the quality of the design of public spaces.