Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 8
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Thermal imagers often work in extreme conditions but are typically tested under laboratory conditions. This paper presents the concept, design rules, experimental verification, and example applications of a new system able to carry out measurements of performance parameters of thermal imagers working under precisely simulated real working conditions. High accuracy of simulation has been achieved by enabling regulation of two critical parameters that define working conditions of thermal imagers: imager ambient temperature and background temperature of target of interest. The use of the new test system in the evaluation process of surveillance thermal imagers can bring about a revolution in thermal imaging metrology by allowing thermal imagers to be evaluated under simulated, real working conditions.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Chrzanowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1.   Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. INFRAMET, Bugaj 29a, Koczargi Nowe, 05-082 Stare Babice, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on the use of infrared thermography to assess the quality of liquid metal, a basic semi-finished product used in foundry production. EN AC-46000 alloy with the designation AlSi9Cu3(Fe) was used for the study. The crystallization process of the alloy was investigated using the TDA method with a Crystaldigraph device and Optris PI thermal imaging camera. The research describes how to use a thermal imaging camera to assess the quality of aluminium alloys. These alloys, due to their propensity in the liquid state to oxidise and absorb hydrogen, a refining procedure in the melting process. The effects of alloy refining are evaluated during technological tests of hydrogen solubility, density and casting shrinkage. The results presented in this paper showed that there is a statistical correlation between the density of the metal and the temperature values from the thermogram of the sample, obtained during its solidification. The existing correlation makes it possible to develop a thermographic inspection algorithm that allows a fast and non-contact assessment of aluminium alloy quality.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Dispinar, D., & Campbell, J. (2004). Critical assessment of reduced pressure test. Part 1: Porosity phenomena. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 17(5), 280-286. https://doi.org/10.1179/136404604225020696.
[2] Kowalczyk W., Dańko R., Górny M., Kawalec M. & Burbelko A. (2022) Influence of High-Pressure Die Casting Parameters on the Cooling Rate and the Structure of EN-AC 46000 Alloy. Materials, 15(16), 5702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165702.
[3] Y B Zuo, B Jiang, Y J Zhang & Z Fan. (2013). Degassing LM25 aluminium alloy by novel degassing technology with intensive melt shearing. International Journal of Cast Metals Research. 26(1), 16-21. doi: 10.1179/1743133612Y.0000000019.
[4] Pietrowski, S. (2001). Al-Si Alloys. Lodz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej. ISBN 83-7283-029-0
[5] Gumienny, G., Pisarek, B., Szymczak, T., Gawroński, J., Just, P., Władysiak, R., Rapiejko, C. & Pacyniak, T. (2022). Effect of degassing parameters on mechanical properties of EN AC-46000 gravity die casting. Materials. 15(23), 8323, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238323.
[6] Pietrowski, S., Gumienny, G., Pisarek, B. & Władysiak, R. (2004). Production control of advanced casting alloys with TDA method. Archives of Mechanical Technology and Automation. 24(3), 131-143, ISSN (1233-9709).
[7] Rapiejko C., Pisarek B., Czekaj E. & Pacyniak T., (2014). Analysis of AM60 and AZ91 Alloy Crystallization in Ceramic Moulds by Thermal Derivative Analysis (TDA). Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 59, doi: 10.2478/amm-2014-0246.
[8] Gumienny G., Kurowska B. & Just P. (2019). The effect of Manganese on the Crystallization Process, Microstructure and Selected Properties of Compacted Graphite Iron. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 64(4), 1269-1275. doi: 10.24425/amm.2019.130090.
[9] Pisarek B., Rapiejko C. & Pacyniak T. (2019). Effect of intensive Cooling of Alloy AC-AlSi7Mg with Alloy additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 64 (2), 677-681. DOI: 10.2478/amm-2019.127598.
[10] Władysiak, R. & Kozuń, A. (2015). An Application for Infrared Camera in Analyzing of the Solidification Process of Al-Si Alloys. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(3), 81-84. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0065.
[11] Holtzer, M., Bobrowski, A., Grabowska, B., Eichholz, S. & Hodor, K. (2010). Investigation of carriers of lustrous carbon at high temperatures by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Archives of Foundry Engineering. 10(4), 61-68.
[12] Sapieta, M., Dekys, V., Kao, M., Pastor, M., Sapietova, A. & Drvarova, B. (2023). Investigation of the mechanical properties of spur involute gearing by infrared thermography. Applied Sciences. 13(10), 5988. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13105988.
[13] Umar M. &·Paulraj S. (2021). Thermography analysis and porosity formation during laser beam welding of AA5083 H111 aluminum alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 146, 1551–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10140-z.
[14] Lanc Z., Strbac B., Zeljkovic M., Zivkovic A. & Hadzistevic M. (2018). Emissivity of Aluminium Alloy Using Infrared Thermography Technique. Materials and Technology. 52(3). doi:10.17222/mit.2017.152.
[15] Badulescu C., Grediac M., Haddadi H., Mathias J.-D., Balandraud X. & Tran H.-S. (2011) Applying the Grid Method and Infrared Thermography to Investigate Plastic deformation in Aluminium Multicrystal. Mechanics of Materials, 43(1), 36-53. doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2010.11.001.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Władysiak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering and Production Systems, Łódź, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In this work, a mid infrared thermography was used to study thermal behavior of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a circular shape and a diameter of 90 mm. The emissivity of the anodic surface of the fuel cell was determined to be from 0.95 to 0.46 in the temperature range 550-1200 K and the profile and temperature distribution of the anodic surface of the unloaded cell was given. The surface temperature of the cell was determined during operation and the polarity changes from open circuit voltage (OCV) to 0.0 V. It was found that the cell self-heating effect decreases with increasing temperature of the cell.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Jasiński
K. Ziewiec
M. Wojciechowska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The subflorescence and efflorescence phenomena are widely acknowledged as the major causes of permanent damage to fresco wall paintings. They are related to the occurrence of cycles of dry/wet conditions inside the walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify the presence of water on the decorated surfaces and inside the walls.

Nondestructive testing in industrial applications have confirmed that active infrared thermography with continuous timed images acquisition can improve the outcomes of thermal analysis aimed to moisture identification. In spite of that, in cultural heritage investigations these techniques have not been yet used extensively on a regular basis. This paper illustrates an application of these principles in order to evaluate the decay of fresco mural paintings in a medieval chapel located in North−West of Italy. One important feature of this study is the use of a robotic system called aIRview that can be utilized to automatically acquire and process thermal images. Multiple accurate thermal views of the inside walls of the building have been produced in a survey that lasted several days. Signal processing algorithms based on Fast Fourier Transform analysis have been applied to the acquired data in order to formulate trustworthy hypotheses about the deterioration mechanisms.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

G. Cadelano
P. Bison
A. Bortolin
G. Ferrarini
F. Peron
M. Girotto
M. Volinia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The present review is mainly focused on the extended analysis of the results obtained from coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry for imines in undoped and doped states. This coupled technique allows to identify the current-voltage characteristics of thin films based on imine, as well as to assess layer defects in thermal images. Additional analysis of results provides further information regarding sample parameters, such as resistance, conductivity, thermal resistance, and Joule power heat correlated with increasing temperature. As can be concluded from this review, it is possible not only to study material properties at the supramolecular level, but also to tune macroscopic properties of -conjugated systems. A detailed study of the structure-thermoelectrical properties in a series of eight unsymmetrical and symmetrical imines for the field of optoelectronics and photovoltaics has been undertaken. Apart from this molecular engineering, the imines properties were also tuned by supramolecular engineering via protonation with camphorsulfonic acid and by creation of bulk-heterojunction compositions based on poly(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-4,6-diyl) and/or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) towards the analysed donor or acceptor ability of imines in the active layer. The use of coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry allows obtaining comprehensive data on thermoelectric properties and defects indicating possible molecule rearrangement within the layer.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Wang, D. et al. Recent advances in molecular design of organic thermoelectric materials. CCS Chem. 3, 2212–2225 (2021). https://doi.org/10.31635/ccschem.021.202101076
  2. Dong, J. et al. Organic semiconductor nanostructures: Optoelectronic properties, Modification strategy, and photocatalytic applications. J Mater. Sci. Tech. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.002
  3. Huang, D. et al. Conjugated-backbone effect of organic small molecules for n‑type thermoelectric materials with ZT over 0.2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 13013–13023 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b05344
  4. Mao, L. et al. Patching defects in the active layer of large-area organic solar cells. J. Mater.A 6, 5817–5824 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA11264E
  5. Lindner, S. M. et al. Charge separation at self-assembled nano-structured bulk interface in block copolymers. Chem 45, 3364–3368 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503958
  6. Han, Y. et al. Calibration and image processing of aerial thermal image for UAV application in crop water stress estimation. J. Sensors 2021, Article ID 5537795 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537795
  7. Stumper, M., Kraus, J. & Capousek, L. Thermal imaging in aviation. Magazine of Aviation Development 3, 16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.14311/MAD.2015.16.03
  8. Thermal Imaging in the Automotive Industry. Thermascan Ltd https://www.thermascan.co.uk/blog/thermal-imaging-automotive (2021).
  9. Thermography in Chemical Industry. InfraTec GmbH https://www.infratec.eu/thermography/industries-applications/chemical-industry/ (2021).
  10. Kasikowski, R. & Więcek, B. Fringing-effect losses in inductors by thermal modeling and thermographic measurements. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36, 9772–9786 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2021.3058961
  11. Kucharska, M. & Jaskowska-Lemanska, J. Active thermography in diagnostics of timber elements covered with polychrome. Materials 14, 1134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051134
  12. Kowalski, M. Ł., Grudzień, A. & Ciurapiński, W. Detection of human faces in thermal infrared images. Meas. Syst. 28, 307–321 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2021.136609
  13. Teubner, J. et al. Comparison of drone-based ir-imaging with module resolved monitoring power data. Energy Procedia 124, 560–566 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.094
  14. Irshad, Jaffery, Z. A. & Haque, A. Temperature measurement of solar module in outdoor operating conditions using thermal imaging. Infrared Phys. Technol. 92, 134–138 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2018.05.017
  15. Gallardo-Saavedra, S. et al. Infrared thermography for the detection and characterization of photovoltaic defects: comparison between illumination and dark conditions. Sensors 20, 4395 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164395
  16. Muttillo, M. et al. On field infrared thermography sensing for pv system efficiency assessment: results and comparison with electrical models. Sensors 20, 1055 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041055
  17. Iwan, A. et al. Optical and electrical properties of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide films deposited onto glass and Ecoflex® substrates towards organic solar cells. Adv. Mater. Lett 9, 58– 65 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2018.1870
  18. Fryń, P. et al. Hybrid materials based on l,d-poly(lactic acid) and single-walled carbon nanotubes as flexible substrate for organic devices. Polymers 10, 1271 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10111271
  19. Fryń, P. et al. Dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties of L,D-Poly(Lactic Acid) modified by 4′-Pentyl-4-Biphenylcarbonitrile and single walled carbon nanotube. Polymers 11, 1867 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111867
  20. Fryń, P. et al. Research of binary and ternary composites based on selected aliphatic or aliphatic–aromatic polymers, 5CB or SWCN toward biodegradable electrodes. Materials 13, 2480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112480
  21. Różycka, A. et al. Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on liquid crystalline, structural and electrochemical properties of (8Z)-N-(4-((Z)-(4-pentylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4- pentylbenzenamine. Materials 12, 1097 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071097
  22. Gonciarz, A. et al. UV-Vis absorption properties of new aromatic imines and their compositions with poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2- ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}. Materials 12, 4191 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244191
  23. Bogdanowicz, K. A. Selected electrochemical properties of 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5- diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis-(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) towards perovskite solar cells with 14.4% efficiency. Materials 13, 2440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112440
  24. Przybył, W. et al. IR thermographic camera as useful and smart tool to analyse defects in organic solar Photonics Lett. Poland 12, 25–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.976
  25. Jewloszewicz, B. et al. A comprehensive optical and electrical study of unsymmetrical imine with four thiophene rings and their binary and ternary compositions with PTB7 and PC70BM towards organic RSC Adv 10, 44958 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA08330E
  26. Bogdanowicz, K. A. et al. Electrochemical and optical studies of new symmetrical and unsymmetrical imines with thiazole and thiophene moieties. Electrochim Acta 332, 135476 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135476
  27. Dylong, A. et al. Crystal structure determination of 4‐[(Di‐p‐tolylamino)‐benzylidene]‐(5‐pyridin‐ 4‐yl‐[1,3,4]thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐imine along with selected properties of imine in neutral and protonated form with camforosulphonic acid: Theoretical and experimental studies. Materials 14, 1952 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081952
  28. Wang, J. et al. Stimulus responsive fluorescent hyperbranched polymers and their Sci. China Chem. 53, 2409–2428 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-4106-9
  29. Albota, A. et al. Design of organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross Science 281, 1653 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5383.1653
  30. Reinhardt, B. A. et al. Highly active two-photon dyes:  design, synthesis, and characterization toward Chem. Mater. 10, 1863 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm980036eIwase, Y. et al. Synthesis and photophysical properties of new two-photon absorption chromophores containing a diacetylene moiety as the central π-bridge. J. Mater. Chem. 13, 1575 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1039/b211268j
  31. Kim, O. K. et al. New class of two-photon-absorbing chromophores based on Chem. Mater. 12, 284 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm990662r
  32. Liu, Z. Q. et al. Trivalent boron as an acceptor in donor–π–acceptor-type compounds for single- and two-photon excited fluorescence. Chem. Eur. J. 9, 5074 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200304833
  33. Abbotto, A. et al. Novel heterocycle-based two-photon absorbing dyes. Org. Lett. 4, 1495 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/ol025703v
  34. Sek, D. et al. Hole transport triphenylamine-azomethine conjugated system: Synthesis and optical, photoluminescence and electrochemical properties. Macromolecules 41, 6653–6663 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ma702637k
  35. Sek, D. et al. Characterization and optical properties of oligoazomethines with triphenylamine moieties exhibiting blue, blue-green and green light. Spectrochim Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 72, 1–10 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.06.022
  36. Gawlinska, K. et al. Searching of new, cheap, air- and thermally stable hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Opto-Electron. Rev. 25, 274–284, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2017.07.004
  37. Costa, P. M. J. F. et al. Direct imaging of Joule heating dynamics and temperature profiling inside a carbon nanotube interconnect. Nat. Commun. 2, 421 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1429
  38. McLaren, C. T. et al. Development of highly inhomogeneous temperature profile within electrically heated alkali silicate glasses. Sci. Rep. 9, 2805 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39431-8
  39. Balakrishnan, V.  et al. A generalized analytical model for Joule heating of segmented wires. Heat Transfer 140, (7), 072001 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038829
  40. Thangaraju, S. K. & Munisamy, K. M. Electrical and Joule Heating Relationship Investigation Using Finite Element Method. in 7th International Conference on Cooling & Heating Technologies. 88, 012036 (Selangor, Malaysia, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/88/1/012036
  41. Russ, B. et al. Organic thermoelectric materials for energy harvesting and temperature control. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16050 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.50
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof. A. Bogdanowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Iwan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Military Institute of Engineer Technology, 136 Obornicka St., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The article presents research on animal detection in thermal images using the YOLOv5 architecture. The goal of the study was to obtain a model with high performance in detecting animals in this type of images, and to see how changes in hyperparameters affect learning curves and final results. This manifested itself in testing different values of learning rate, momentum and optimizer types in relation to the model’s learning performance. Two methods of tuning hyperparameters were used in the study: grid search and evolutionary algorithms. The model was trained and tested on an in-house dataset containing images with deer and wild boars. After the experiments, the trained architecture achieved the highest score for Mean Average Precision (mAP) of 83%. These results are promising and indicate that the YOLO model can be used for automatic animal detection in various applications, such as wildlife monitoring, environmental protection or security systems.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Popek
1 3
Rafał Perz
2 3
Grzegorz Galiński
1
Artur Abratański
2 3

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
  2. Warsaw University of Technology,Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering
  3. Sieć badawcza Rafał Perz, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The article presents the simulation results of a single-pixel infrared camera image reconstruction obtained by using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Simulations were carried out for infrared images with a resolution of 80 × 80 pixels, generated by a low-cost, low-resolution thermal imaging camera. The study compares the reconstruction results using the CNN and the ℓ1 reconstruction algorithm. The results obtained using the neural network confirm a better quality of the reconstructed images with the same compression rate expressed by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Urbaś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bogusław Więcek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Infrared thermal imaging, using cooled and uncooled detectors, is continuously gaining attention because of its wide military and civilian applications. Futuristic requirements of high temperature operation, multispectral imaging, lower cost, higher resolution (using pixels) etc. are driving continuous developments in the field. Although there are good reviews in the literature by Rogalski [1–4], Martyniuk et al. [5] and Rogalski et al. [6] on various types of infrared detectors and technologies, this paper focuses on some of the important recent trends and diverse applications in this field and discusses some important fundamentals of these detectors.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R.K. Bhan
V. Dhar

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more