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Number of results: 5
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Abstract

The subject of the performed experiments comprised standard XR 110 02, XR 110 04 nozzles, TT 110 02, TT 110 04 nozzles and AI 110 02, AI 110 04 air induction nozzles. The working speed of spraying was vp = 7 km/h. Each nozzle was tested at the following three levels of working pressures: p1 = 0.2 MPa, p2 = 0.4 MPa ad p3 = 0.6 MPa. The spray liquid was pure water at the temperature of 20°C. The plant coverage was determined: sk – spray coverage, nk – number of droplets per 1 cm2. The analysis of results of maize spraying showed that both standard nozzles and both TT nozzles achieved better results with number of droplets and degree of surface coverage for each of applied operating pressure. The lowest results from all examined kind of nozzles for number of droplets achieved injector nozzles (AI). For operating pressure 0.4 MPa nozzles fulfilled agrotechnical requirements for using insecticids, herbicides and fungicides.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Gajtkowski
Paulina Migdalska-Kustosik
Witold Bzdęga
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Abstract

The subject of the performed experiments comprised standard RSMM 110-02, RSMM 110-02 nozzles, AI 110-02, AI 110-02 air induction nozzles as well as AZMM 110-02, AZMM 110-03 low drift nozzles. The working speed during spraying was vp = 7 km/h. Each sprayer was tested at the following three levels of working pressures: p1 = 0.2 MPa, p2 = 0.4 MPa and p3 = 0.6 MPa. The spray liquid was pure water at the temperature of 20°C. The plant coverage was determined: sk – spray coverage, nk – number of droplets per 1 cm2 of the leaf.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Gajtkowski
Witold Bzdęga
Paulina Migdalska
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Abstract

An efficient application of phytosanitary products depends, among other factors, on a good selection of nozzles and the application volume rate of the solution used. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different models of hydraulic tips and application volume rates on spray coverage on targets positioned in the upper, middle and lower thirds of corn plants. The application volume rates evaluated were: 50 l · ha −1; 100 l · ha −1; 150 l · ha −1; 200 l · ha −1; 300 l · ha −1 and 400 l · ha −1. The following nozzles were used: TT 11001, TTJ60 11002, TXA 8003, 30HCX 12, GRD120 02 and GAT11002. Applications were carried out in phenological stages V6–V7 of corn plants. There was a directly proportional relationship between an increase in application volume rate and the levels of spray coverage and droplet density in the three thirds of corn plants. The application volume rate evaluated, except for 50 l · ha −1 in the lower third, provided a number of droplets compatible with the literature recommendations for the application of systemic fungicides. All tips evaluated provided a number of droplets compatible with the recommendations in the literature for the application of systemic fungicides, therefore, they can be recommended for use in spraying on corn crops.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roxana Stefane Mendes Nascimento
1
ORCID: ORCID
Douglas Ferreira Parreira
2
Juliana Souza Milagres
3
Danilo Felipe Afonso
3
Pedro Luid de Sousa Oliveira
4
Rafael Guimarães Silva Moraes
4

  1. Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
  2. Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
  3. Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
  4. Agronomia, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, Imperatriz, Brazil
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Abstract

The study was conducted at the University of Nebraska Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska in July 2015. Two application volume rates (100 and 200 l · ha−1) and three nozzle types (XR, AIXR, TTI) were selected at two flow rates (0.8 and 1.6 l · min−1) and at a single application speed of 7.7 km · h−1. Each collector type [Mylar washed (MW), Mylar image analysis (MIA), water-sensitive paper (WSP), and Kromekote (KK)] was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each nozzle treatment was replicated twice, providing six cards of each collector type for each nozzle treatment. A water + 0.4% v/v Rhodamine WT spray solution was applied, given the fluorescent and visible qualities of Rhodamine, which allows it to be applied over all the collector types. MW had the highest coverage at 18.3% across nozzle type, followed by WSP at 18%, KK at 12% and lastly by MIA at 4%. MW resulted in a 58% increase in coverage, WSP in a 56% increase, and KK only an increase of 39% when the volume rate was doubled from 100 l · ha−1 to 200 l · ha−1 across nozzle type. MW coverage was similar to KK for half of the nozzles (XR 11002, XR 11004, AIXR 11002). Droplet number density fixed effects were all significant for nozzle type and collector type (p < 0.001) as was the interaction of nozzle type and collector type (p < 0.001). Results from this study suggest a strong correlation to data produced with WSP and MW collectors, as there was full agreement between both types except for the TTI 11004. Using both collector types in the same study would allow for a visual understanding of the distribution of the spray, while also giving an idea of the concentration of that distribution.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Connor Ferguson
ORCID: ORCID
Andrew J. Hewitt
Chris C. O’Donnell
Greg R. Kruger
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Abstract

Improving application efficiency is crucial for both the economic and environmental aspects of plant protection. Mathematical models can help in understanding the relationships between spray application parameters and efficiency, and reducing the negative impact on the environment. The effect of nozzle type, spray pressure, driving speed and spray angle on spray coverage on an artificial plant was studied. Artificial intelligence techniques were used for modeling and the optimization of application process efficiency. The experiments showed a significant effect of droplet size on the percent area coverage of the sprayed surfaces. A high value of the vertical transverse approach surface coverage results from coarse droplets, high driving speed, and nozzles angled forward. Increasing the vertical transverse leaving surface coverage, as well as the coverage of the sum of all sprayed surfaces, requires fine droplets, low driving speed, and nozzles angled backwards. The maximum coverage of the upper level surface is obtained with coarse droplets, low driving speed, and a spray angle perpendicular to the direction of movement. The choice of appropriate nozzle type and spray pressure is an important aspect of chemical crop protection. Higher upper level surface coverage is obtained when single flat fan nozzles are used, while twin nozzles produce better coverage of vertical surfaces. Adequate neural models and evolutionary algorithms can be used for pesticide application process efficiency optimization.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Cieniawska
K. Pentoś
D. Łuczycka

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