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Abstract

The sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics of NH4+ by the Fen River reservoir sediment were investigated for a better understanding of the NH4+ sorption characteristics and parameters. The results showed that Q (adsorption content) increased with the increase of Ceq (equilibrium concentration), sorption isotherms could be described by Freundlich equation (R2 from 0.97 to 0.99). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) had a significant correlation with the parameters K and n (R2 was 0.85 and 0.95, respectively). The ENC0 (Ceq as Q was zero) of S1, S2, S3 and S4 was 1.25, 0.57, 1.15 and 1.14 mg L-1, respectively, and they were less than the NH4+ concentrations in reservoir water. The sediments released NH4+ to the Fen River reservoir water and acted as a pollution source, in the form of complex and heterogeneous adsorbents. The NH4+ adsorption kinetic process was composed of ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ reaction patterns and could be fitted using both Elovich equation and Pseudo second-equation. More than one-step may be involved in the NH4+ sorption processes, and interior diffusion was not dominant ion action.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hongyan Suna
Xiaoyun Wanga
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Abstract

The possibility of the application of nontraditional method of greenhouse gas utilization by the injection of CO2 (sequestration) into porous geological deposits, treated as unconventional gas collectors, requires the fulfillment of basic criteria such as the impact on the environment and long term storage. The important issue is the physical behavior of the deposit during the porous structure saturation phase by carbon dioxide. What should be mentioned first and foremost is: the availability of CO2 transport along the porous structure and adsorption capacity. The work presents the results of water vapor sorption on coal samples from selected Hard Coal Mines of a differentiated carbon content. The received results were presented in the form of sorption and desorption isotherms performed in a temperature of 303 K. It was additionally described with a BET adsorption isotherm. Based on sorption data, a specific surface area was calculated, in accordance with BET theory. The amount of the adsorbed water vapor molecules for the analyzed coal samples was dependent on the degree of metamorphism. The obtained isotherms can be described as type II according to the BET classification. Volumetric type apparatus -adsorption- microburette liquid was used for the sorption experiments. Water vapor sorption in relation to coals allows for the quantitative determination of primary adsorption centers as a measure of adsorbed molecule interconnections with the adsorbent surface. Based on the BET adsorption equation, out of water vapor isotherms, the amount of adsorption active centers, which potentially may take part in CO2 adsorption in coal seams during injection of this gas, was determined. The sorption capacity of coals is determined by the degree of metamorphism, which also has very large impact on the sorption capacity of the deposit.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Orzechowska-Zięba
Paweł Baran
Katarzyna Zarębska
Janusz Cygankiewicz
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Abstract

This work determined the solid-water distribution coefficient Kd, the Freundlich constant KF and the organic carbon normalized coefficient K0c of ibuprofen in natural, aquifer sediments. They are characterized as silt sediments with different clay and sand fraction contents varied in specific surface areas. Content of organic carbon and pH are on the same level. For determining sorption coefficients values of ibuprofen in sediments, its concentration was measured in the aqueous and calculated in the solid phase. Batch tests were conducted following OECD Guideline 106. The resulting Kd values ranged between 1.14 and 2.29 L/kg, ~ between 0.25 and 5.48 and Koc between 1.22 and 2.53 for ibuprofen in sediments SI and S2, respectively. These experiments proved that the presence of clay minerals beside organic carbon and pH might be relevant in sorption of ibuprofen in sediments. A comparison of experimentally determined Koc with modelled Koc calculated on the base of octanol-water partitioning coefficient K0w shows that the prediction of sorption behaviour cannot be based only on Kow· This is probably due to the fact that these approaches well describe hydrophobic interactions, but fail to predict sorption of polar and ionic compounds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Styszko
Katarzyna Sosonowska
Piotr Wojtanowicz
Janusz Gołaś
Jerzy Górecki
Mariusz Macherzyński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The trigeneration systems for production of cold use sorption refrigeration machines: absorption and adsorption types. Absorption systems are characterized namely by better cooling coefficient of performance, while the adsorptive systems are characterized by the ability to operate at lower temperatures. The driving heat source temperature can be as low as 60-70 °C. Such temperature of the driving heat source allows to use them in district heating systems. The article focuses on the presentation of the research results on the adsorption devices designed to work in trigeneration systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Grzebielec
Artur Rusowicz
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Abstract

Hydrogen storage for the purposes of the automotive industry in a form other than under high pressure or cryo conditions has been under careful investigation by researchers over past decades. One of the arising methods is the usage of powdered/granulated beds that contain metal hydrides and/or carbon materials to take advantage of the “spillover” phenomenon. Handling and characterization of such material can be troublesome, which is why the experimental setup needs careful investigation. The apparatus for the analysis of hydrogen sorption/desorption characteristics has been successfully designed and described based on the constructed unit within the scope of this article. The full functionality of that setup covered fuelling the bed as well as the examination of sorption/desorption potential. Moreover, the proposed experimental device can clarify many uncertainties about further development and optimization of hydrogen storage materials.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Leyko
1
Krzysztof Surmiński
1
Damian Batory
1
Krzysztof Jastrzębski
2
Łukasz Kaczmarek
3
Witold Kaczorowski
3
Piotr Kula
4

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Vehicles and Fundamentals of Machine Design, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
  2. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Functional Materials, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
  3. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Advanced Materials and Composites, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
  4. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Surface Engineering and Heat Treatment, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Abstract

A mathematical model for the purposes of methane hazard assessment in mines was developed in the Central Mining Institute as part of the statutory activities conducted in 2017 and 2018. The model describes the course of kinetics of methane sorption on coal samples while taking into account the diffusion coefficient. The paper presents the formulas describing the mathematical model of methane emission from coal sidewall to longwall working, taking into account the sorption properties of coal – sorption capacity of coal (related to methane) and the effective diffusion coefficient of methane in coal. In the light of the conducted research, such a methodology for describing this phenomenon enables a more precise determination of the amount of methane released to the longwall from the exploited coal seam, which in turn makes it possible to select appropriate methane prevention measures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Koptoń
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Abstract

The objective of the research presented in the paper was to study the process of adsorption of oil impurities with the use of clinoptylolite and diatomite. The effect of various factors on process course was determined, the process was described with isotherms and the adsorptive capacities of tested minerals were determined on their basis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jadwiga Kaleta
Alicja Puszkarewicz
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Abstract

The paper presents research on using natural zcolitc modified for cleaning municipal sewage thoroughly. The research was carried out in laboratory scale in system composed of Sequencing Batch Reactors and filter bed with zeolitc modified with manganese ions. Synthetic sewage prepared on the basis of organic and mineral components was used for cleaning process. After biological treatment with activated sludge in the reactor, the sewage was directed to filtration column. Due to the fact that reactor was operating in cycles; the sewage was treated on the bed in portioned way and kept submerged. The research was carried out in a few stages: without regeneration of the bed, with periodic regeneration and cyclical after cach cycle of SBR reactor operation. Obtained results of nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon compounds removal were verified on real sewage. For that purpose biologically treated sewage was directed in a continuous way to a filtration column from secondary settling tank of sewage treatment plant, regenerating bed with different methods after exhausting its catalytic properties. Verification showed great effectiveness of used configuration for removal ammonia nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous compound from sewage. Decrease in electrical conductivity of sewage and a slight increase of nitrate nitrogen concentration was observed. The research showed great effectiveness of proposed filtration configuration for sewage treatment and a possibility of bed regeneration with keeping its work effectiveness.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna M. Anielak
Mariusz Wojnicz
Krzysztof Piaskowski
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Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of biosurfactants - saponin, tannin and rhamnolipids JBR 515 and 425, for the removal of cadmium, zinc and copper from activated sludge immobilized in 1.5% sodium alginate with 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol. We also established the impact of pH value on biosorbent regeneration with the analyzed biosurfactants and determined the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in solutions containing the biosorbent and biosurfactant and in exact samples with heavy metals. Saponin exhibited the highest effectiveness of metals leaching at pH 1-5, and rhamnosides at pH 5-6. In addition, the study demonstrated a significant effect of the ratio of biosorbent mass to washing agent volume (m/V) on the effectiveness of metals leaching. Of the biosurfactants analyzed, saponin was ca. 100% effective in leaching zinc and copper. The effectiveness of the other biosurfactants was lower and depended on the metal being leached

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kuczajowska-Zadrożna
Urszula Filipkowska
Tomasz Jóźwiak
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Abstract

Dyes and pigments are important organic pollutants of the water environment. Dyes may be removed from wastewater by using one of the most efficient methods for wastewater treatment-adsorption onto porous (natural and waste) minerals or organogenie substances. Feasibility of using smectite-clay, co-occurring in brown coal deposits, for removal of direct dyes was investigated. The Freundlich linear regression model was better in modeling of sorption direct dyes onto smectite-clay; it yielded better fit of the theoretical isotherm to the experimental data. The electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds were shown to play the most important role in adsorption of direct dyes onto smectite-clay.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kyzioł-Komosińska
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Jarzyna
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Abstract

Surface wastewater pollution due to accidental runoff or release of oil or its products is a longstanding and common environmental problem. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of oil products (diesel) and suspended solids, the sorbent type, the water flow rate and the interfering factors (chlorides) on the dynamic sorption of diesel and to test regeneration of polypropylene after its use for sorption. The sorbents used for study included common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), polypropylene and sorbents modified with hydrogen peroxide solution. Standard methods were used for the determination of the investigated parameters and an in-house procedure employing a gas chromatograph was used for the determination of diesel concentration. The following factors that impact the sorption of diesel were investigated during the study: diesel concentration, concentration of suspended solids; type of sorbent (common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), wheat straw modified with hydrogen peroxide, and polypropylene), water flow rate; and influence of the interfering factors (chlorides). Filtration speed in the range of investigated speeds does not affect the efficiency of diesel removal. Removal efficiency does not depend on the concentration of diesel before the sorbent reaches its maximum sorption capacity. Filling containing 50% of polypropylene and 50% of wheat straw was used for the study. It was found that polypropylene and wheat straw do not remove chlorides and suspended solids from solution. The study found that the solution of hydrogen peroxide boosts the hydrophobic properties of common wheat straw, but does not affect the sorption of diesel. The recommended number of regenerations of polypropylene should be limited to two.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dainius Paliulis
1

  1. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
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Abstract

As part of the work the high-pressure sorptomat - a novel apparatus for sorption tests under conditions of high gas pressure was developed. The sorption measurement is carried out using the volumetric method, and the precise gas flow pressure regulator is used in the device to ensure isobaric conditions and regulate the sorption pressure in the range of 0-10 MPa. The uniqueness and high precision of sorption measurements with the constructed apparatus are ensured by the parallel use of many pressure sensors with a wide measurement range as well as high precision of measurement - due to the use of precise pressure sensors. The obtained results showed, i.a. that the time of reaching the isobaric conditions of the measurement is about 6-7 seconds and it is so short that it can be considered a quasi-step initiation of sorption processes. Moreover, the results of the measurement pressure stabilization tests, during the CO 2 sorption test on activated carbon, have shown that the built-in pressure regulator works correctly and ensures isobaric sorption measurement conditions with the precision of pressure stabilization of ±1% of the measurement pressure. The maximum range of sorption measurement using the high-pressure sorptomat is 0-86400 cm 3/g, and the maximum measurement uncertainty is ±2% of the measured value. The activated carbon sample used for the tests was characterized by a high sorption capacity, reaching 104.4 cm 3/g at a CO 2 pressure of 1.0 MPa.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Kudasik
1
Łukasz Anioł
1
Norbert Skoczylas
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 27, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The evaluation of threats connected with the presence of methane in coal seams is based on our

knowledge of the total content of this gas in coal. The most important parameter determining the potential

of coal seams to accumulate methane is the sorption capacity of coal a. It is heavily influenced by the

degree of coalification of the coal substance, determined by the vitrinite reflectance R0 or the content of

volatile matter V daf. The relationship between the degree of coalification and the sorption capacity in the

area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) has not been thoroughly investigated, which is due to the

zonation of methane accumulation in this area and the considerable changeability of methane content in

various localities of the Basin. Understanding this relationship call for in-depth investigation, especially

since it depends on the analyzed reflectance range. The present work attempts to explain the reasons for

which the sorption capacity changes along with the degree of coalification in the area of Jastrzębie (the

Zofiówka Monocline). The relationship between parameters R0 and V daf was investigated. The authors

also analyzed changes of the maceral composition, real density and the micropore volume. Furthermore,

coalification-dependent changes in the sorption capacity of the investigated coal seams were identified.

The conducted analyses have indicated a significant role of petrographic factors in relation to the accumulation

properties of the seams located in the investigated area of USCB.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Godyń
Barbara Dutka
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Abstract

The removal of organic dyes from industrial wastewater remains a problem, both technically and

economically. In this study, Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells were isolated from poultry meat and immobilized using

alginate. The immobilized Yarrowia lipolytica yeast was used as biosorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye

from synthetic effl uent water. The results show that maximum adsorption capacity under optimum conditions was

66.67 mg∙g-1. The equilibrium adsorption data fi tted well onto the Freundlich adsorption isotherms with R2

>0.99.

Adsorption kinetics was of pseudo-second order process suggesting that the adsorption was a chemisorption. FTIR

spectra identifi ed typical absorption bands of a biosorbent. Sorption of MB dye on Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells

was exothermic with weak sorption interaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mathew Mupa
Robert Kubara
Jephris Gere
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Abstract

The compost derived from cellulosic material coming from the Public Utility Company in Zabrze

(Poland) was investigated for its capability for adsorbing acid dyes from aqueous solution at various concentrations of the dyes and the compost dosages. Four acid dyes were investigated: Acid Red 18 (AR-18), Acid Blue

9 (AB-9), Acid Green 16 (AG-16) and Acid Black 1 (ABk-1). The adsorption isotherms were determined by

comparing the experimental data with the isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich

models). The sorption capacity of the compost depended on the initial concentrations of dyes in the solution,

compost dosage, and on the structure of dyes. The maximum sorption capacities of the compost for adsorbing

particular dyes may be ordered as follows: ABk-1 > AG-16 > AB-9 > AR-18. The amounts of bound and the

percentages of removed acid dyes from effluent depended on the adsorbent dosage. The growth of the dye removal percentages with growing adsorbent mass may be attributed to the growth of the adsorbent uptake surface

with growth of the adsorbent mass. The dyes were bound onto the surface of compost through the electrostatic

interaction between the surface (negatively charged at pH > pHPZC) and the dye cations (AG-16), and/or through

the hydrogen bond between the functional groups of the humic matter in compost (–OH, –COOH) and the

functional surface groups of AR-18, AB-9 and ABk-1 dyes (–OH, –NH2

). At the experiment conditions, the

Freundlich and Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm models fitted the equilibrium data very well (much

better than the Langmuir one). The values of 1/n in the Freundlich equation and E in the Dubinin-Raduskevich

one indicate the favourable adsorption. The studied compost may be used as a low-cost sorbent for the removal

of acid dyes from wastewater released by textile industries. However, elevated values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the final solutions may enhance the solubility of humic compounds.

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Authors and Affiliations

C. Rosik-Dulewska
J. Kyzioł-Komosińska
A. Dzieniszewska
M. Pająk
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Abstract

In the last decade a growing interest was observed in low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal ions. Clinoptilolite is a mineral sorbent extracted in Poland that is used to remove heavy metal ions from diluted solutions. The experiments in this study were carried out in a laboratory column for multicomponent water solutions of heavy metal ions, i.e. Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). A mathematical model to calculate the metals' concentration of water solution at the column outlet and the concentration of adsorbed substances in the adsorbent was proposed. It enables determination of breakthrough curves for different process conditions and column dimensions. The model of process dynamics in the column took into account the specificity of sorption described by the Elovich equation (for chemical sorption and ion exchange). Identification of the column dynamics consisted in finding model coefficients β, KE and Deff and comparing the calculated values with experimental data. Searching for coefficients which identify the column operation can involve the use of optimisation methods to find the area of feasible solutions in order to obtain a global extremum. For that purpose our own procedure of genetic algorithm is applied in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elwira Tomczak
Władysław Kamiński
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Abstract

This article aims at presenting research on the sorption of carbon dioxide on shales, which will allow to estimate the possibility of CO2 injection into gas shales. It has been established that the adsorption of carbon dioxide for a given sample of sorbent is always greater than that of methane. Moreover, carbon dioxide is the preferred gas if adsorption takes place in the presence of both gases. In this study CO2 sorption experiments were performed on high pressure setup and experimental data were fitted into the Ambrose four components models in order to calculate the total gas capacity of shales as potential CO2 reservoirs. Other data necessary for the calculation have been identified: total organic content, porosity, temperature and moisture content. It was noticed that clay minerals also have an impact on the sorption capacity as the sample with lowest TOC has the highest total clay mineral content and its sorption capacity slightly exceeds the one with higher TOC and lower clay content. There is a positive relationship between the total content of organic matter and the stored volume, and the porosity of the material and the stored volume.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patrycja Waszczuk-Zellner
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Lutyński
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Koteras
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. LNPC Patrycja Waszczuk, Pszczyna, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  3. Central Mining Institute (GIG), 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

The safety of mining operations in hard coal mines must be constantly developed and improved. There is ongoing multi-directional research focused at best recognition of the phenomenon associated with the properties of the coal-gas system and its connections with mining and geological conditions. This article presents the results of sorption experiments on coals from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, which are characterized by varying degrees of coalification. One of the parameters that describes the kinetics of methane sorption, determining and providing valuable information about gas hazard and in particular the risk of gas and rock outbursts, is the effective diffusion coefficient De. It is derived from the solution of Fick’s second law using many simplifying assumptions. Among them is the assumption that the carbon matrix consists of only one type of pore – micropores. In fact, there are quite often at least two different mechanisms, which are connected to each other, related to the diffusion of methane from the microporous matrix and flows occurring in voids and macropores. This article presents both the unipore and bidisperse models and a set of comparisons which fit them to experimental curves for selected coals. For some samples the more complex bidisperse model gave much better results than the classic unipore one. The supremacy of the bidisperse model could be associated with the differences in the coal structure related to the coalification degree. Initial results justify further analyses on a wider set of coals using the methodology developed in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Karbownik
Jerzy Krawczyk
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Schlieter
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Abstract

Problem of dynamics sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined in the soil in 2000 for 16 PAH compounds recommended by EPA. They were examined using computer methods of concerning their sorption by the soil. PAHs and their soil sorption wise examined using computes methods. Samples were collected in the distance of 1.5 m from the shoulder of the roads with intensive traffic, i.e. Warszawska Street and Brzeska Street in the town of Siedlce. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reversed phases. In the investigation granulometrie composition of the matrix was taken into consideration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Kluska
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Abstract

The adsorption of cadmium(ll) ions by low moor Alder Peat occurring in the overburden of brown coal deposits in Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine was investigated under dynamic conditions. Cadmium(ll) ions were applied to the column in aqueous solutions containing either cadmium sulfate or cadmium chloride. Solutions were also prepared containing cadmium ions alone or in combination with zinc(ll) and copper(ll) ions. The peat used as the adsorbent in this study had a high capacity for adsorbing the ions tested. The cadmium adsorbing capacity of the peat was significantly affected by pH, the anions present in the solution, and other cations present in the solution. The cadmium adsorbing capacity of the peat was significantly lower in the presence of other metal cations such as zinc(l l) and copper(l l), because these cations effectively compete with cadmium ions for binding sites on the peat. Peat can be recommended for purification processes designed to remove cadmium ions. Because cadmium ions arc predominantly loosely bound to the peat, they are easily extracted. This means that the cadmium adsorbing capacity of the peat is regenerated so that it can be used in further purification cycles.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kyzioł-Komosińska
Irena Twardowska
Aneta Kocela
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Abstract

The paper deals with the study upon the possibility to reduce migration of deposited pesticide wastes by using natural and waste sorption agents that would make a screen against plant protection means penetration into the hydrosphere. Sewage sludge from dairy treatment plant "Mlekovita" in Wysokie Mazowieckie as well as the same sludge with sawdust composted under natural conditions in Rudka Forestry Inspectorate was applied as natural sorption agents. Freundlich's and Langmuir's isotherms revealed that raw (no composting) sewage sludge showed better sorption features towards chloroorganic pesticides.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Ignatowicz
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Abstract

The presented work introduces a simple modification of coal fl y ash (FA) with 30% solution of H 20 2, used as a new efficient sorbent for the removal of organic dye crystal violet (CV) in the presence of Cu(II) ions in single- and bi-component systems Cu(II)-CV. FT-IR, TG, SEM-EDS, and XRD suggested that the mechanism of Cu(II) and CV sorption onto FA-H 2O 2 includes ion-exchange and surface adsorption process. Comparing the values of the reduced chi-square test (χ 2/DoF) and the determination coefficient R 2 obtained for CV of the considered isotherms, the fitting degree follows the sequence: Jovanović > Langmuir > Elovich > Freundlich > Redlich-Peterson (R-P) > Tóth > Halsey > BET. Sorption of Cu(II) ions in a single system by means of FA-H 2O 2 was well fi tted by the Langmuir and R-P model. The studies of equilibrium in a bi-component system by means of extended Langmuir (EL), extended Langmuir-Freundlich (ELF), and Jain-Snoeyink (JS) models were analysed. The estimation of parameters of sorption isotherms in a bi-component system Cu(II)-CV has shown that the best of fi t calculated values of experimental data for both sorbates have been the EL model and the JS model, but only in the case of a CV dye. The sorption kinetic of Cu(II) and CV onto FA-H 2O 2 was discussed by means of the PFO, PSO, and intra-particle diff usion models.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eleonora Sočo
1
Dariusz Pająk
1
Jan Kalembkiewicz
1

  1. Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the shell biomass ( Dioscorea rotundata), taking into account the impact of temperature, bed height, and particle size on the removal of nickel(II) ions in aqueous solution in a continuous fixed-bed column system; performing the modelling of the break curve. The biomass was characterised by SEM-EDS analysis. The analysis found that it represents a rough, heterogeneous structure, rich in carbon and oxygen, with mesopores, and is suitable for removing heavy metals. It also determined the optimum parameters of the bed height, particle size, and temperature, keeping the pH and the initial concentration of the solution constant. The results revealed that the bed height and the particle size are the two most influential variables in the process. Ni(II) removal efficiencies range between 85.8 and 98.43%. It was found that the optimal conditions to maximise the efficiency of the process are temperature of 70°C, 1.22 mm particle size, and 124 mm bed height. The break curve was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to the Thomas, Adams–Bohart, Dose–Response, and Yoon– Nelson models, with the Dose–Response model showing the best affinity with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9996. The results obtained in this research showed that yam shell could be suggested as an alternative for use in the removal of Ni(II) ions present in an aqueous solution in a continuous system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ángel Villabona-Ortíz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
2
ORCID: ORCID
Keily Peña-Romero
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ciro Botello-Urbiñez
1

  1. Universidad de Cartagena, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  2. Universidad de Cartagena, Department of Food Engineering, Carrera 6, Cl. de la Universidad 36-100, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

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