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Abstract

The electrical network is a man-made complex network that makes it difficult to monitor and control the power system with traditional monitoring devices. Traditional devices have some limitations in real-time synchronization monitoring which leads to unwanted behavior and causes new challenges in the operation and control of the power systems. A Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an advanced metering device that provides an accurate real-time and synchronized measurement of the voltage and current waveforms of the buses in which the PMU devices are directly connected in the grid station. The device is connected to the busbars of the power grid in the electrical distribution and transmission systems and provides time-synchronized measurement with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, the implementation and maintenance cost of the device is not bearable for the electrical utilities. Therefore, in recent work, many optimization approaches have been developed to overcome optimal placement of PMU problems to reduce the overall cost by providing complete electrical network observability with a minimal number of PMUs. This research paper reviews the importance of PMU for the modern electrical power system, the architecture of PMU, the differences between PMU, micro-PMU, SCADA, and smart grid (SG) relation with PMU, the sinusoidal waveform, and its phasor representation, and finally a list of PMU applications. The applications of PMU are widely involved in the operation of power systems ranging from power system control and monitor, distribution grid control, load shedding control and analyses, and state estimation which shows the importance of PMU for the modern world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maveeya Baba
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nursyarizal B.M. Nor
1
Aman Sheikh
2
Grzegorz Nowakowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Faisal Masood
1
Masood Rehman
1
Muhammad Irfan
4
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed Amirul Arefin
Rahul Kumar
5
Baba Momin
6

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
  2. Department of Electronics and Computer Systems Engineering (ECSE), Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
  3. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  4. College of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
  5. Laboratorio di Macchine e Azionamenti Elettrici, Dipartmento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Universita Degli Studi di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
  6. Department of Electrical Engineering CECOS University of Information Technology and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan

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