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Detection of Objects Buried in the Sea Bottom with the Use of Parametric Echosounder

Eugeniusz Kozaczka Grażyna Grelowska Sławomir Kozaczka Wojciech Szymczak

Archives of Acoustics | 2013 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 99-104 | DOI: 10.2478/aoa-2013-0012

Keywords sea bottom sea bottom acoustics buried objects

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Abstract

he paper contains results of a in situ research main task of which was to detect objects buried, partially or completely, in the sea bottom. Object detecting technologies employing acoustic wave sources based on nonlinear interaction of elastic waves require application of parametric sound sources. Detection of objects buried in the sea bottom with the use of classic hydroacoustic devices such as the sidescan sonar or multibeam echosounder proves ineffective. Wave frequencies used in such devices are generally larger than tens of kHz. This results in the fact that almost the whole acoustic energy is reflected from the bottom. On the other hand, parametric echosounders radiate waves with low frequency and narrow beam patterns which ensure high spatial resolution and allows to penetrate the sea bottom to depths of the order of tens of meters. This allows to detect objects that can be interesting, among other things, from archaeological or military point of view.

Authors and Affiliations

Eugeniusz Kozaczka

Grażyna Grelowska

Sławomir Kozaczka

Wojciech Szymczak

Metal Pollution in the Baltic

Jacek Bełdowski Magdalena Bełdowska

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 3 (79) Progress | 4-7

Keywords Baltic Sea heavy metals

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Abstract

Metals are useful raw materials used in various industries. But one of the side-effects of their production is pollution of the marine environment.

Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Bełdowski

1

Magdalena Bełdowska

2

PAS Institute of Oceanology in Sopot
Faculty of Oceanography and Geography,University of Gdańsk

Dynamic States Equations of Transport Pipeline in Deep-Sea Mining

Jerzy Sobota Xia Jianxin Evgeniy Kirichenko

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 385-392 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2021.138595

Keywords deep-sea mining vertical pipelines stability of deep-sea pipelines

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Abstract

The transport pipeline of lifting the underwater minerals to the surface of the water onto the ship during the movement of the vessel takes in the water a curved deformed shape. Analysis of the state of stability of the pipeline showed that if the flow velocity of fluid in the pipeline exceeds a certain critical value Vkr, then its small random deviations from the equilibrium position may develop into deviations of large amplitude. The cause of instability is the presence of the centrifugal force of the moving fluid mass, which occurs in places of curvature of the axis of the pipeline and seeks to increase this curvature when the ends of the pipeline are fixed. When the critical flow velocity is reached, the internal force factors become unable to compensate for the action of centrifugal force, as a result of that a loss of stability occurs. Equations describing this dynamic state of the pipeline are presented in the article.

Bibliography

[1] Benjamin T .B. Dynamic of a system of articulated pipes conveying fluid. I Theory. Proc. Royal Soc. 261, 457-486 (1961), II Experiment, 487-99.
[2] Chung J .S., Bao-Rang Cheng, Huttelmaier H .P. Three-Dimensional Coupled Responses of a Vertical Deep-Ocean Pipe: Part II. Excitation at Pipe Top and External Torsion, International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 4, 4, December 1994 (ISSN 1053-5381).
[3] Goman O.G., Kirichenko E.A., Vishnyak E.A. Calculation of hydrodynamic loads on the elements of submersible structures of deep-water slurry pipelines. System Technologies: A collection of scientific papers – Dnipropetrovsk: RVKIA Ukraine 8, 17-23 (1999) [in Russian].
[4] Gregory R .W., Paidoussis M .P. Unstable oscillation of turbular cantilevers, conveying fluid. I Theory. Proc. of the Royal Soc., London, Ser. A, 293, 528-542 (1966).
[5] Handelman H.M. Quart. Appl. Math. 13, 326-334 (1955).
[6] Kirichenko E.A. Possible cases of simplification of the system of equations of oscillations of deep-water slurry pipelines in a flat formulation. Mining, electromechanics and automatics: A collection of scientific papers – Dnipropetrovsk: RVKNGA of Ukraine 4, 137-142 (1999) [in Russian].
[7] Long R.H. Jr. Experimental and theoretical study of transverse vibration of a tube containing flowing fluid. J. App. Mech. 22, 1, 65-68 (1955).
[8] Niordson F .I.N. Vibrations of cylindrical tube containing flowing fluid. Trans. of the Royal Inst. of Tech., Stockholm, Sweden, 1953, No.73. 392
[9] Szelangiewicz T., Żelazny K., Buczkowski R., Computer simulations of deformations and tensions in the pipelines of hydraulic lifting systems, Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin – Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 52 (124), 37-44 (2017). DOI : https://doi.org/10.17402/243
[10] Yao Nijun, Cao Bin, Xia Jianxin, Pressure loss of flexible hose in deep-sea mining system. 18th International Conference on TRANSPORT AND SEDIMENTATION OF SOLID PARTICLES 11-15 September 2017, Prague, Czech Republic. ISBN 978-83-7717-269-8.
[11] Yu Hong-yun, Liu Shao-jun, Dynamics of vertical pipe in deep-ocean mining system, J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. (2007) 04-0552-05. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0106-0

Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Sobota

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xia Jianxin

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Evgeniy Kirichenko

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wrocław University of E nvironmental and Life Sciences, Poland
Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
Mining University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine

Healthy rivers, healthy Baltic

Jan Marcin Węsławski

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 2 (66) Water | 81-83 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.134867

Keywords rivers sea Baltic Sea chemical compounds climate change

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Abstract

How does inflowing river water affect the quality of water in the Baltic Sea? Why are the chemicals used in agriculture so dangerous for seas, and what future lies in store for the Baltic?

Authors and Affiliations

Jan Marcin Węsławski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Distribution of net phytoplankton in the sea-ice zone between Elephant Island and the South Orkney Islands (December 1988 - January 1989)

Ryszard Ligowski Elżbieta Kopczyńska

Polish Polar Research | 1991 | vol. 12 | No 4 | 529-546

Keywords Antarctic Weddell Sea net phytoplankton sea ice edge diatoms

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Abstract

Altogether 105 algal taxa were identified including 101 diatom species. Chaetoceros criophilus was dominant in the western part of the study area influenced by waters from the Bellingshausen Sea. Corethron criophilum was abundant in the Weddcll Sea water mass found to the east of 53.5°W meridian. Nitzschia cylindrus common in the ice-melt samples was dominant in only two net phytoplankton collections obtained at the ice-edge zone. Additional samples from Admiralty Bay, at King George Island revealed the dominance of Chaetoceros socialis and the presence of many tychoplankton species. Very few diatom cells were found in the open waters of the Bransfield Strait which combined with the presence of krill, suggested intensive grazing by herbivores. The unstable waters of the Weddell-Scotia Confluence area contained little phytoplankton except for a station dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii. Greater cell densities were related to warm, lower salinity Weddell Sea water of summer modification found in the surface layer east from 49°W.

Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Ligowski

Elżbieta Kopczyńska

The Outer Space and the Sea. Law Beyond the Territorial Jurisdiction

Zdzisław Brodecki

Prawo Morskie | 2018 | No XXXIV | 123-135 | DOI: 10.24425/pm.2018.125831

Keywords outer space sea jurisdiction Galileo

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Abstract

The Author tries to “think out of the box”, presenting “Sponsalia ex hoc mundo” (“Hand fastening out of this world”). The title reflects the view that the outer space sciences and the sea sciences are analytically separable, but practically interlinked. It might be observed in the context of space technology and satellite technics, a new system of management and government, as well as a new system of law and policy. Nowadays, the outer space infrastructure (the use of artificial Earth satellites for Direct Television Broadcasting, communications, remote sensing, navigation, military missiles) affects infrastructure of our Planet, including maritime infrastructure. There is, therefore, the need for a new face of integrated system of science and practice.

Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisław Brodecki

Polish maritime art prior to 1939

Monika Jankiewicz--Brzostowska

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 2 (66) Water | 10-14 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.134851

Keywords marine painting sea water paintings

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Abstract

On the presence of the sea in Polish painting.

Authors and Affiliations

Monika Jankiewicz--Brzostowska

The Baltic Sea: Joint Action Is Key

Blanka Pajda Agata Zaborska

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 2 (78) Pollution | 42-45 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.147025

Keywords heavy metals eutrophication Baltic Sea

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Abstract

Joint action by the countries surrounding the Baltic is crucial for the conservation of the sea’s unique ecosystem.

Authors and Affiliations

Blanka Pajda

1

Agata Zaborska

1

PAS Institute of Oceanology in Sopot

Distribution of microflagellates and diatoms in the sea-ice zone between Elephant Island and the South Orkney Islands (December 1988 - January 1989)

Elżbieta Kopczyńska

Polish Polar Research | 1991 | vol. 12 | No 4 | 515-528

Keywords Antarctic phytoplankton sea-ice zone

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Abstract

The highest concentrations of algal cells (1.1 x l0 6 litre- 1 ) and of algal carbon (20 μg litre -1 ) were associated with a lens of ice melt water in the northeast of the study area. Phytoflagellates were dominant at all stations with greater numbers always in the 0 - 20 m surface layer and with the peaks of Cryptophyceae in the open waters and also near the ice edge east of 50° W. Picoplankton flagellates and monads (1.5-5.0 μ) were generally next in abundance and most important numerically in the near ice stations in the western part of the study area. Parasinophyceae were usually more abundant than Nitzschia cylindrus (Grunow) Hasle, the only common diatom species found mainly in the western near ice edge stations. The presence olN.cylindrus, dominant in the pack ice and in phytoplankton near the ice edge, shows that algae released from ice may act as an inoculum for the phytoplankton.

Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Kopczyńska

Polish research on sea and atmosphere physics carried out in West Antarctica, 1977-1990

Henryk Gurgul

Polish Polar Research | 1998 | vol. 19 | No 1-2 | 103-112

Keywords West Antarctica sea atmosphere physics

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Abstract

The article presents a review of the researches on sea and atmospheric physics conducted by the Polish expeditions in Antarctica from 1977 to 1990.

Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Gurgul

Environmental conditions and phytoplankton standing crop near pack-ice in the Scotia Sea (December 1988 - January 1989)

Maciej Lipski

Polish Polar Research | 1991 | vol. 12 | No 4 | 507-513

Keywords Antarctica phytoplankton sea-ice zone

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Abstract

Results of an oceanographic survey along the edge of drifting pack ice in the area between Elephant Island and the South Orkney Islands are reported. The influence of sea ice on hydrological factors was very weak. It was not possible to develop oceanographic features characteristic for marginal sea-ice zones in the areas with well marked surface currents and dynamic hydrological conditions. The spatial distribution of chlorophyll was governed by water stability, although during our survey, areas with enhanced vertical stability could not be described in terms of a sea-ice edge influence.

Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Lipski

Bill of lading transferability and the title for cargo and claims from the contract of carriage

Maria Dragun-Gertner

Prawo Morskie | 2019 | No XXXVI | 27-36 | DOI: 10.24425/pm.2019.131052

Keywords bill of lading transferability straight bill of lading sea waybill

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Abstract

Bills of Lading are transferable documents of title and the transfer of document results in the transfer of the rights incorporated in it. Some of B/L are additionally negotiable. However the legal meaning of these two terms isn’t the same what is not respected in practice. Historically there is also a difference in legal grounds and scope of rights represented and transferred by negotiable bills of lading according to British, American and continental law. An important role in this differentiation was played by the doctrine of privity of contract. This ultimately affects the legal position and scope of the acquired rights of legitimate holders of bills of lading, which are considered to be “negotiable”, including the right to obtain claims from the carrier for cargo damage.

Authors and Affiliations

Maria Dragun-Gertner

Marine scientific research and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines in the light of the 1982 law of the sea convention

Tomasz Kamiński Rafał Szewczyk

Prawo Morskie | 2022 | No XLIII | 43-58 | DOI: 10.24425/pm.2022.143404

Keywords marine scientific research hydrographic survey law of the sea

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Abstract

The article provides a detailed characteristics of the concept of marine scientific research on the grounds of the existing norms of the international law of the sea, normative acts of the Republic of Poland and in terms based on the most recent and significant scientific publications constituting the literature on the subject. One of the core studies being conducted by the Committee on the International Legal Status of Submarine Cables and Pipelines established in 2018 under the International Law Association is the field of application of UNCLOS standards to hydrographic surveys carried out as part of the process preceding the laying of submarine cables and pipelines. This paper presents a hypothesis on the separate treatment of the concept of marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys, and presents the legal impediments that the State or the laying company may face.

Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kamiński

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafał Szewczyk

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zakład Międzynarodowego Prawa Publicznego, Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Zakład Prawa i Ekonomii, Wydział Bezpieczeństwa, Logistyki i Zarządzania Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Plastic – a sign of environmental indifference?

Barbara Urban-Malinga

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 3 (67) Indifference | 14-17 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.136763

Keywords marine biology plastics degradation microplastics sea pollution

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Abstract

The average consumer uses plastic packaging practically for just about everything: shopping, storing food, collecting waste. Very few people think about what happens to waste packaging and how it affects the environment.

Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Urban-Malinga

Our fresh-and-salty sea

Daniel Rak

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2017 | Nr 4 (56) 2017 Extremes | 42-44

Keywords Baltic sea water fluctuation water dynamics

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Abstract

The Baltic is a unique brakish sea. Its moderate salinity is the result of the fresh river water input and non-periodic inflows of salty, oxygenated waters from the North Sea. However, the balance continually fluctuates. What impact does that have on the sea?

Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Rak

Optimization of autonomous underwater vehicle mission planning process

Wojciech Wawrzyński Mariusz Zieja Mariusz Żokowski Norbert Sigiel

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 2 | e140371 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140371

Keywords sea bottom researches autonomous underwater systems AUV trajectory

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Abstract

This article presents the information concerning aspects of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) mission planning process, emphasizing maritime security monitoring and surveillance, and using side-looking sonars as a primary data source. The paper describes characteristic mission plan phases and gives suggestions for the operators, mainly concerning the safety and effectiveness of the AUV mission. The article describes the coverage path planning algorithm, which could be used to create an effective AUV mission plan, considering AUV manoeuvrability, sonar characteristics, and environmental factors. The results of the algorithms have been verified during the real mission of the AUV vehicle.

Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Wawrzyński

1

Mariusz Zieja

2

Mariusz Żokowski

3

Norbert Sigiel

4

Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Plac Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
Air Force Institute of Technology, ul. Księcia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warszawa, Poland
Armament Agency, ul. Królewska 1/7, 00-909 Warszawa, Poland
13.MCM Squadron, ul. Smidowicza 48, 81-106 Gdynia, Poland

Il confine e il mare. Dispositivi di creazione letteraria nella macchina poietica di Enrico Morovich

Novella Di Nunzio

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 15-27 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137031

Keywords exile border Mediterranean sea humor symmetrical logic

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Abstract

The reflection proposed in this article starts from the realities of the border and the sea, and from the problematic meaning they assumed in the frame of the city of Fiume (Rijeka) in the early twentieth century. The main goal is to explore how in the work of Enrico Morovich, an Italian writer coming from Fiume who had to personally and tragically experience war and exile, the border and the sea act as devices of literary creation, providing models of humorous reversal (the border) and symmetrical thinking (the sea). The analysis will focus in particular on the following works by Morovich: Cronache vicine e lontane (1981), La nostalgia del mare (1981), Un italiano di Fiume (1994).

Bibliography

1. BACHTIN, M. M. (1979): “Autor i geroj v èstetičeskoj dejatel’nosti”, in ID.: Èstetika slovesnogo tvončestva, pod redaktsiyey S. G. Bočarov/S. S. Averincev, Iskusstvo, Moskva, 9–192.
2. ID. (1988): “L’autore e l’eroe nell’attività estetica”, in: ID.: L’autore e l’eroe. Teoria letteraria e scienze umane, a cura e trad. it. di C. STRADA JANOVIČ, Einaudi, Torino, 5–187.
3. BELLABARBA, M. (2014a): L’impero asburgico, Il Mulino, Bologna.
4. ID. (2014b): “Un impero multinazionale nella guerra delle nazioni. Lo strano caso dell’impero asburgico”, Studium, 110/6, 830–840.
5. BORONI, C. (2015): “Prefazione” a: MOROVICH, E.: I racconti per il “Giornale di Brescia”, a cura di C. BORONI, La Compagnia della Stampa Massetti Rodella Editori, Brescia, 13–57.
6. CIMADOR, G. (2018): “Bruno Maier: forme, categorie, aspetti del comico”, Archeografo Triestino, Serie IV, vol. LXXVIII (CXXVI della Raccolta), Trieste, 179–253.
7. D’ALESSANDRO, L. (2014): Mediterraneo crocevia di storia e culture: un caleidoscopio di immagini, Harmattan Italia, Torino.
8. MATTE BLANCO, I. (1975): The unconscious as infinite sets. An essay in bi‑logic, Duckworth, London.
9. MATVEJEVIĆ, P. (2006): Breviario del Mediterraneo, trad. it. di S. Ferrari, Garzanti, Milano.
10. MOROVICH, E. (1981a): Cronache vicine e lontane, San Marco dei Giustiniani, Genova.
11. ID. (1981b): La nostalgia del mare, Unimedia, Genova.
12. ID. (1985): Racconti di Fiume e altre cose, Compagnia dei Librai, Genova.
13. ID. (1988): Miracoli quotidiani, Sellerio, Palermo.
14. ID. (1994): Un italiano di Fiume, Rusconi, Milano.
15. ID. (2014): “Per una storia di Fiume”, Fiume. Rivista di studi adriatici, 29, 3–30.
16. MOROVICH, E./ VERDINO, S. (1990): Intervista a Enrico Morovich. Realizzata dal professor Stefano Verdino 21 novembre 1990, a cura della Provincia di Genova, Fondazione Mario Novaro, s.n., Genova, I: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUQxNu7v2L8&t=290s; II: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=4Rc1PI7L2_A; III: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkWN9- sYE7rk; IV: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebQybG9MjcA&t=9s.
17. ROMBI, B. (1997): Morovich oltre i confini, Editrice Liguria, Savona.
18. STELLI, G. (a cura di) (2006): Fiume, crocevia di popoli e culture, Atti del convegno internazionale, Roma, 27 ottobre 2005, Società di studi fiumani, Roma.

Authors and Affiliations

Novella Di Nunzio

1

Vilniaus Universitetas, Vilnius

The visualization of geophysical and geomorphologic data from the area of Weddell Sea by the generic mapping tools

Polina Lemenkova

Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 19-32 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2020.133759

Keywords Weddell Sea Antarctic GMT cartography geophysics

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Abstract

The paper concerns GMT application for studies of the geophysical and geomorphological settings of the Weddell Sea. Its western part is occupied by the back-arc basin developed during geologic evolution of the Antarctic. The mapping presents geophysical settings reflecting tectonic formation of the region, glaciomarine sediment distribution and the bathymetry. The GlobSed grid highlighted the abnormally large thickness of sedimentary strata resulted from the long lasting sedimentation and great subsidence ratio. The sediment thickness indicated significant influx (>13,000m) in the southern segment. Values of 6,000–7,000 m along the peninsula indicate stability of the sediments influx. The northern end of the Filchner Trough shows increased sediment supply. The topography shows variability -7,160–4,763 m. The ridges in the northern segment and gravity anomalies (>75 mGal) show parallel lines stretching NW-SE (10°–45°W, 60°–67°S) which points at the effects of regional topography. The basin is dominated by the slightly negative gravity >-30 mGal. The geoid model shows a SW-NE trend with the lowest values <18 m in the south, the highest values >20m in the NE and along the Coats Land. The ripples in the north follow the geometry of the submarine ridges and channels proving correlation with topography and gravitational equipotential surface.

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Authors and Affiliations

Polina Lemenkova

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Natural Disasters, Anthropogenic Hazards and Seismicity of the Earth, Laboratory of Regional Geophysics and Natural Disasters, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Str. 10, Bld. 1, Moscow, 123995, Russian Federation;

Dinoflagellates from the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents Seas, and the Faroe — Shetland Islands area collected in the cruise of r/v „Oceania", in June-July 1991

Yuri B. Okolodkov

Polish Polar Research | 1993 | vol. 14 | No 1 | 9 - 24

Keywords Arctic Norwegian Greenland and Barents seas phytoplankton Dinoflagellata

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Abstract

Phytoplankton samples were collected at 62 stations in the European Arctic Seas and the Faroe — Shetland Islands area. Over 30 species of dinoflagellates were found. 22 species are illustrated by original drawings. The data on synonyms, size or size variability on the distribution and environmental factors (temperature and salinity) are given.

Authors and Affiliations

Yuri B. Okolodkov

Patchiness of sympagic algae and meiofauna from the fast ice of North Open Water (NOW) Polynya

Józef Wiktor Maria Szymelfenig

Polish Polar Research | 2002 | vol. 23 | No 2 | 175-184

Keywords Arctic polynya sea-ice algae meiofauna

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Abstract

During the spring of 1998 sympagic algae and meiofauna were studied in Ross Bay on the western coast of the Kane Basin between Ellesmere Island and Pim Island (Canada). Ice samples were collected by ice coring and the lowermost 2 cm sections were analysed. The sea-ice flora was composed of 59 taxa and was dominated by Nitzschia frigida, Navicula pelagica, Fragilariopsis oceanica and unidentified flagellates (over 60% of total number). Abundance of algae ranged from 1×109 to 3×109 cells per square meter. Sea-ice meiofauna was composed of Nematoda and Harpacticoida and was strongly dominated by nematodes (99.76%). Total sympagic meiofauna abundance ranged from 37.5×103 to 146.1×103 ind. and biomass from 2.88 to 8.83 mg C per m2. There was no clearly marked patchiness in the horizontal distribution of sympagic algae and meiofauna.

Authors and Affiliations

Józef Wiktor

Maria Szymelfenig

New data on the occurrence of internal parasitic worms in the Gymnodraco acuticeps and Cygnodraco mawsoni (Bathydraconidae) fish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Zdzisław Laskowski Anna Rocka Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki Laura Ghigliotti Eva Pisano

Polish Polar Research | 2005 | vol. 26 | No 1 | 37-40

Keywords Antarctica Ross Sea parasitic worms fish Bathydraconidae

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Abstract

The two bathydraconid species, Gymnodraco acuticeps and Cygnodraco mawsoni, caught in the Ross Sea (Antarctic summer 2002) were examined for internal parasites. All specimens (four G. acuticeps and one C. mawsoni) were infected. G. acuticeps harboured larval Cestoda (bilocular tetraphyllidean cercoids, diphyllobothriid plerocercoids) and Nematoda (Contracaecum spp.), acanthocephalan cystacanths and adult helminths (three species of Digenea and one species of Nematoda). Two specimens of C. mawsoni (including data from one additional specimen examined earlier) were infected by larval Cestoda (bilocular cercoid) and Nematoda (Contracaecum spp.) and adult helminths (three species of Digenea and one species of Nematoda). The present data are compared and discussed with the relevant literature data.

Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisław Laskowski

Anna Rocka

Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki

Laura Ghigliotti

Eva Pisano

Armoured dinoflagellates from the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents seas collected in the cruise of the RV "Oceania" in August 1992

Yuri B. Okolodkov

Polish Polar Research | 1993 | vol. 14 | No 4 | 321-330

Keywords Arctic Norwegian-Greenland-Barents seas phytoplankton dinoflagellates

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Abstract

Phytoplankton samples were collected at 74 stations in the European Arctic seas, 28 species of the armoured din oft age Hates being found. Thirteen dinoflagellates are illustrated by original drawings. The data on synonyms, size or size variation, localities and environmental factors (temperature and salinity) at the surface are given.

Authors and Affiliations

Yuri B. Okolodkov

Occurrence of digeneans in open sea fishes off the South Shetland Islands and South Georgia, and a list of fish digeneans in the Antarctic

Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki

Polish Polar Research | 1991 | vol. 12 | No 1 | 55—72

Keywords Antarctic digeneans fish infection open sea

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Abstract

A total of 704 fishes representing 39 species were examined. Twenty five digenean species were recognized. Only one species previously found by the present author in a fiord of this area was absent in the material. Pelagic species were usually not parasitized by digeneans, while demersal fishes were normally found to be infected. Results of the present study are compared to those from fiords. Seven species were found to be widely distributed. Two of them, Macvicaria pennelli and Genolinea bowersi, were associated with an inshore fiord environment and could be used as biological tags indicating the association of hosts with this kind of environment. Three of widely distributed species, Lepidapedon garrardi, Elytrophalloides oatesi and Lecilhaster macrocotyle, were not clearly associated with any environment.

Gonocerca phycidis, Neolebouria antarctica and other less widely distributed species, with the exception of Postmonorchis variabilis, were associated with deep part of fiords and/or open sea shelf environment. The level of infection of open sea fish at the South Shetlands was low. Many fish species living at South Georgia were massively infected; the dominant species in this area is E. oatesi, which was rare off the South Shetland Islands. A total of 45 digenean species occurring in the Antarctic fish were listed. Eleven of them were not endemic.

Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki

Annual course of superficial water temperature in the Ezcurra Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica

Henryk Gurgul Wiesław Stochmal Wiesław Szymczak

Polish Polar Research | 1996 | vol. 17 | No 1-2 | 43-59

Keywords Antarctica South Shetland Islands sea water temperature

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Abstract

Temperature of superficial water in the Ezcurra Inlet was measured from March 1989 to February 1990, with a use of a mercurial thermometer with accuracy +0.1°C. Temperature was measured usually once a month at selected points. Influence of various factors on temperature of superficial water was preliminarily analysed. Basing on these results, temperature distribution in the mentioned area was determined. Mean yearly temperatures for each station, average space temperatures on measurement days and mean yearly temperatures for the whole area of the Ezcurra Inlet were calculated.

Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Gurgul

Wiesław Stochmal

Wiesław Szymczak

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