Przedmiotem rozważań jest koncepcja self-blindness. Autorka definiuje jąprzez eksperyment myślowy przedstawiający sytuację, w której osoba pomimo zachowania zdolności poznawczych i racjonalności nie ma bezpośredniego dostępu do własnych przekonań. Przywołuje również uporządkowane przez siebie argumenty przeczące możliwości istnienia takiej sytuacji. Pod koniec artykułu stara się wskazać wartościowe wnioski i drogi dalszych rozważań bazujące na tej koncepcji – dotyczące mechanizmów dostępu do przekonań oraz ich natury.

Major works by Leon Koj deal with the issues of semiotics, logics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and ethics. Many of them refer to aspects of communication, however, this is not the main subject of his considerations. These references relate to the problems of satisfying: 1. the logical criteria, 2. the methodological criteria, 3. the ethical criteria, 4. the semiotic criteria. This article is dedicated to defining the semiotic criteria. It briefly covers basic semiotic notions present in Koj’s works. On the basis of Koj’s assumptions the concept of semiotics conditions for the realisation and functions of the communication process is defined.

We are familiar with the grammar and logic of relational predicates in predicate calculus, chiefly as transmitted through Whitehead and Russell. In natural languages however, relations are frequently expressed using what Peirce called relatives, that is, expressions like brother, gift, head, effect, successor, which require completion by one or more definite terms to yield general names or terms. Peirce developed a logic of such relatives which influenced Schröder and Tarski. Later, Leśniewski used relative terms such as part, overlapper, class etc. to formulate his mereology, rather than the predicates and operators subsequently and more standardly used. In this paper I con-sider aspects of the grammar and logic of such relative terms, particularly in regard to several areas of general logico-philosophical interest: cardinality; functions; abstrac-tion; the order problem of relations; and Russell’s multiple relation theory of belief and judgment.