Lean has established itself as the primordial approach to obtain operational excellence. Its simple and intuitive techniques focus on reducing lead time through continuous improvement, involving all levels of employees in the organization. However, the rate of successful implementations has remained low. This paper contributes to the understanding of continuous improvement in a Lean context, by analyzing a database of almost 10.000 improvement actions, from 85 companies, covering the time frame 2010–2018. It discusses categories of actions, their impact and cost, as well as key characteristics of the companies. It proposes an objective criterion to identify “success” and “failure” in Lean implementation and tries to link these to operational results. It is probably the first time an analysis of this magnitude on the subject has been performed.
The paper discusses Bayesian productivity analysis of 27 EU Member States, USA, Japan and Switzerland. Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis and a two-stage structural decomposition of output growth are used to trace sources of output growth. This allows us to separate the impacts of capital accumulation, labour growth, technical progress and technical efficiency change on economic development. Since estimates of the growth components are conditioned upon model parameterisation and the underlying assumptions, a number of possible specifications are considered. The best model for decomposing output growth is chosen based on the highest marginal data density, which is calculated using adjusted harmonic mean estimator.
The article contains considerations on possible actions directed at increasing productivity of hard
coal mining industry. It is necessary to improve the state of the industry, and ensure its survival. Basic
definitions and measures concerning productivity and management were presented to illustrate examples
referring to a mining enterprise. Then, basing on organizing, one of the management functions, the issue
of productivity in a mining enterprise and its influence on improving effectiveness of operational management,
was analysed. An assumption was presented that solutions concerning identification of sources
and volume of costs, hitherto existing in mining enterprises, ought to be complemented with the planning
function following process approach. It can be the starting point for decisions of economic feasibility of
given deposits, seams or parts of them, before mining operations start, and to control incurred costs in
process approach. The article is summed up with a process algorithm of cost management.
Spare parts are one of the important pillars in the after-sales service of automotive business.
Customers will satisfied and comfortable if the availability of spare parts is guaranteed.
Spare Part Center is one of function to support unit sales and as well as profit-oriented,
so the accuracy and speed of spare part acceptance by the customer is an important key
to winning the competition. Order Picking is one of the supply chain processes that play
a role in warehouse operations to meet customer needs. Order Picking is the most expensive
activity in warehousing and can reach 55% of the total cost of warehousing operations, so it
is considered a top priority in increasing productivity, even reaching 65% of total warehouse
operating costs. The purpose of this research is to increase productivity in the process
of picking order through reduction of processing time. Increased productivity is done by
improving the working method of the picking process. From the result the comparing, the
method by zone requires less total picking time (193.712 seconds) than by routing (249.559
seconds) decreased 55.85 second time, in other words, an increase of 22.38%. With the Visual
Stream Mapping (VSM) in this research can reduce to travel time, it means that the total
distance traveled is small than the current method. The impact from VSM approach will
eliminate time for preparation of 1.960 seconds, and take empty trolley of 200 seconds. In
this case some of traveling non-value
This study demonstrates application of Lean techniques to improve working process in
a sewing machine factory, focusing on the raw material picking process. The value stream
mapping and flow process chart techniques were utilized to identify the value added activities,
non-value activities and necessary but non-value added activities in the current
process. The ECRS (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange and Simplify) in waste reduction was
subsequently applied to improve the working process by (i) adjusting the raw material picking
procedures and pre-packing raw material as per demand, (ii) adding symbols onto the
containers to reduce time spent in picking material based on visual control principle, and
(iii) developing and zoning storage area, identifying level location for each row and also
applying algorithms generated from a solver program and linear programming to appropriately
define the location of raw material storage. Improvement in the raw material picking
process was realized, cutting down six out of 11 procedures in material picking or by 55%,
reducing material picking time from 24 to 4 min or by 83%. The distance to handle material
in the warehouse can be shortened by 120 m per time or 2,400 m per day, equal to 86%
reduction. Lean techniques
This paper presents an empirical analysis of economic growth in respect of its components, namely input change, technological progress and changes in efficiency. In this work the Bayesian Stochastic Frontier method as well as the output change decomposition procedure, are used in order to evaluate their influence on economic growth. The use of panel data in the study allows for a detailed analysis of economic growth in a given economy and enables the search for general patterns that govern the process. The study is carried using a set of sixteen countries over the period 1995‒2005.
Finite fossil fuel resources, as well as the instability of renewable energy production, make the sustainable management of energy production and consumption some of the key challenges of the 21st century. It also involves threats to the state of the natural environment, among others due to the negative impact of energy on the climate. In such a situation, one of the methods of improving the efficiency of energy management – both on the micro (dispersed energy) and macro (power system) scale, may be innovative technological solutions that enable energy storage. Their effective implementation will allow it to be collected during periods of overproduction and to be used in situations of scarcity. These challenges cannot be overestimated - modern science has a challenge to solve various types of problems related to storage, including the technology used or the control/ /management of energy storage. Heat storage technologies, on which research works are carried out regarding both storage based on a medium such as water, as well as storage using thermochemical transformations or phase-change materials. They give a wide range of applications and improve the efficiency of energy systems on both the macro and micro scale. Of course, the technological properties and economic parameters have an impact on the application of the chosen technology. The article presents a comparison of storage parameters or heat storage methods based on different materials with specification of their work parameters or operating costs.
The growth of the global population, urbanization as well as economic and industrial development, affect the continuously increasing demand for mineral aggregates. The current assessed global production of mineral aggregates amounts to 50 billion Mg/year, which statistically approximates 6.5 Mg per an inhabitant of the globe. In terms of consumption volume, water is the only raw material ahead of aggregates. Despite such a great scale, in many countries and regions the extraction and production of aggregates belong to the least regulated sector of human activity. This refers particularly to the countries of A sia, A frica, and North A merica, where both the resources and the extraction of aggregates, particularly of sand and gravels, are either not monitored and registered. It significantly increases the negative impact on the natural environment, due to the destruction of riverbeds and oxbows, coastal erosion, drying up cultivation areas, etc. In the reports, local terminology of aggregates often functions, which makes it difficult to compare them and prepare appropriate balances. In order to regulate the unfavorable situation, one of the main conclusions of the Report (UNEP 2019) is the need of implementing a common requirement to plan and monitor the process of extraction of natural resources. The paper presents the possibility of forecasting the extraction and producing aggregates based on the consumption of cement, i.e. the basic building material. A lthough the analyzed coefficient of mineral aggregate production per unit of cement consumption (production) varies, its advantage is the fact that the production of cement is identified and taken into account in balances of industrial production of the majority of countries, whereas such identification for mineral aggregate production are still lacking.
The article presents the possibility of using the Cobb-Douglas production function for planning in a turbulent environment. A case study was carried out – the Cobb-Douglas function was used to examine the condition of the Polish hard coal mining industry and the progress which has been made after undertaking certain activities aimed at increasing the competitiveness of coal companies over recent years. Only the correct and confirmed identification of the causes of irregularities in the production process can allow for the introduction of effective remedies. The effectiveness of the solutions proposed by the author has been confirmed thanks to the simulation during which the impact of the proposed production strategy on the parameters of the CD function was examined. Three variants of production functions models were created and production productivity rates and marginal substitution rates were determined. The results enabled the verification of the progress of restructuring as well as identification of the origin of the observed problems and comparison of the current state with the results of analyses carried out in previous years. Scenarios of possible trend developments for the factors introduced into the function model in order to present remedial measures that could improve the process of hard coal extraction were created. The scenarios were created using the ARIMA class models. Which scenario is the most favourable was determined. A computer program, created by the author, for optimising the level and use of labor resources at the level of the entire coal company has been presented.
The aim of the present study was to investigate inline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) dynamic changes based on different cow factors – different number and stages of lactation, milk yield, and the status of reproduction in clinically healthy dairy cows.
In the Herd Navigator system, LDH activity levels (μmol/min per litre) were measured using dry-stick technology. A total of 378 cows were selected. According to their reproductive status, the cows were classified as belonging to the following groups: Fresh (1 – 44 days after calving); Open (45 – 65 days after calving); Inseminated (1 – 35 days after insemination); Pregnant (35 – 60 days after insemination and pregnant). According to their productivity, the cows were classified into the following groups: <15 kg/day, 15 – 25 kg/day, 25 – 35 kg/day and >35 kg/day. The cows were milked with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc. Tumba Sweden) in combination with a Herd Navigator analyser (Lattec I/S. Hillerød Denmark).
In conclusion inline dynamic changes in the milk LDH concentration may increase together with the rise in the lactation period frequency. The highest LDH level determinated in the group of the fresh cows ranged from 5 to 10 DIM, while the highest LDH concentration level was found in the fresh cow milk. Thus, there was a positive relationship between the milk concentration of LDH and the milk yield.