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Number of results: 28
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Abstract

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), has become a widespread pest causing serious losses in several economically important crops, particularly cotton. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis as a new pest of potato plants in Egypt. The insect was noticed on potato plants for the first time during the growing season of 2016 (mid-August 2016). Mealybug specimens were collected from infested potato plants and identified as P. solenopsis. In an attempt to control this insect pest species, seven insecticides viz. sulfoxaflor, abamectin + thiamethoxam, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, buprofezin, and pymetrozine, belonging to different chemical groups, were tested for their effect against nymphs and adult females of P. solenopsis on potato under field conditions. The obtained results indicated that sulfoxaflor, abamectin + thiamethoxam and spirotetramat had the highest efficacy against P. solenopsis recording 80.3–96.05% reduction of the insect population after 21 days of application. Thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, buprofezin and pymetrozine failed to exhibit sufficient P. solenopsis control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Rezk
Abdel-Nasser T. Hassan
Moustafa F. El-Deeb
Nehal Shaarawy
Youssef Dewer
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Abstract

The paper reports results of investigations concerning the influence of saponin extract of quillaja on the food choice and development of Colorado potato beetle. Choice tests with the use of potato leaf discs treated and untreated with tested saponins’ extract were made. The influence of the presence of saponins on the food choice and intensity of insect feeding were observed. It was stated that saponins significantly restrain feeding and disturb development of this pest.

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Authors and Affiliations

Danuta Waligóra
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Abstract

In the years 2000–2003 under Polish climatic conditions early blight occurred at different level of incidence on over 90.6% of surveyed fields. Time of disease appearance in different regions was closely related to climatic conditions. On average, early blight appeared on potato plants 59.3 days after planting, earlier than late blight. In the years 2001–2003, efficacy of six selected fungicides in early blight control was examined in field conditions. Experiments carried out in the Department of Potato Protection and Seed Science of Plant Breedingand Acclimatization Institute. Field trials located in two sites – at Bonin and Stare Olesno revealed much slower development of early blight on these fields where chemical protection was applied as compared to untreated control. Efficacy of plant protection program carried out in Bonin over three years varied from 40% to 63.9%. Effectiveness of selected products was higher in Stare Olesno at higher infection pressure, and ranged from 49.8% to 66.6%. However, efficiency of chemical protection in early blight suppressing is not as satisfactory as in late blight control. In field experiments good control of early blight resulted in tuber yield increase. In Bonin yield increase varied from 5.5 to 24.2% and in Stare Olesno from 12.2 to 34.4%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józefa Kapsa
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Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important food crop in the world, is susceptible to many fungal pathogens including Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt and early blight diseases. Mycoparasitic fungi like Trichoderma encode chitinases, cell wall degrading enzymes, with high antifungal activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, a binary vector harboring endochitinase gene of ~1,000 bp was constructed and used to transform potato nodes through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Out of several primary transformants, two transgenic potato lines were verified for transgene insertion and integration by Southern blot. In a pot experiment for Fusarium resistance, the transgenic potato lines didn’t show any symptoms of disease, instead they remained healthy post infection. The transgenic potato lines exhibited 1.5 fold higher mRNA expression of endochitinase at 7 days as compared to 0 day post fungus inoculation. It was evident that the mRNA expression decreased over days of inoculation but was still higher than at 0 day and remained stable upto 30 days post inoculation. Similarly, for A. solani infection assay, the mRNA expression of the endochitinase gene was 3 fold higher 7 days post inoculation compared to expression at 0 day. Although the expression decreased by1.2 fold during subsequent days post infection, it remained stable for 30 days, suggesting that protection in transgenic potato plants against fungal pathogens was achieved through an increase in endochitinase transcript.

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Authors and Affiliations

Neelam Fatima
Bushra Tabassum
Iqra Yousaf
Momina Malik
Anwar Khan
Imtiaz Ahmad Sajid
Muhammad Tariq
Nida Toufiq
Saman Riaz
Idrees Ahmad Nasir
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Abstract

During potato desiccation the above-ground parts can be destroyed by mechanical, mechanical-chemical, or chemical methods. In the current study, the mechanical-chemical method was used and instead of chemical compounds natural nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid) was used. Nonanoic acid is a natural active ingredient that can be extracted from vegetable oil (rapeseed oil). It is a short chain fatty acid and a natural product, that fits well with the principles of the Green Revolution, which has introduced restrictions worldwide on the use of chemical plant protection products and promotes natural ones. For comparison carfentrazone-ethyl and glufosinate-ammonium were used. Studies were carried out in Poland during 2012–2014 with the potato variety Ikar, which is known to be among the varieties difficult to desicccate in Poland. The results show that potato leaves were efficiently destroyed by both nonanoic acid and chemicals (carfentrazone-ethyl and glufosinate-ammonium). The level of destruction varied from 94.5% to 99%. The level of stalk drying caused by nonanoic acid was high and it was similar to that of chemical desiccants. None of the studied desiccants significantly affected yield, vascular necrosis or quantity of starch in tubers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Kardasz
Wojciech Miziniak
Marcin Bombrys
Agata Kowalczyk
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Abstract

Water extractsfrom selected Geraniaceae plants, to which paraffin oil was added as adjuvant, were tested. It was observed that the plant extracts researched limited Colorado potato beetle feeding and development and adding adjuvant increased the effects. The highest antifeedant activity towards Colorado potato beetlesand their larvae wasobs erved in extractsobtained from Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey and Geranium pusillum L. The extract from Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey added to food showed a negative effect on the development of female reproductive organs and embryo development and showed the highest effectiveness in field conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Lamparski
Maria Wawrzyniak
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Abstract

Potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important plant disease occurring in many potato-producing areas throughout the world. In this study, a specific diagnostic method was used to detect and quantify S. sclerotiorum ascospores, and its forecasting ability was assessed in potato fields during flowering periods of 2011 to 2014 in Bahar County, Hamedan Province. Using GenEMBL database, a primer pair, HZSCREV and HZSCFOR, was designed and optimized for the pathogen. After testing the sensitivity of primers, DNA was extracted from samples of outdoor Burkard traps from potato fields. A linear association was observed between pathogen DNA and the number of ascospores using the quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique in the presence of SYBR dye. The qPCR could successfully detect DNA amounts representing two S. sclerotiorum ascospores and was not sensitive to a variety of tested fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium solani. In contrast to the amount of rainfall, a direct relationship was found between ascospore numbers and the incidence of potato white mold from 2011 to 2014.
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Authors and Affiliations

Seyedmohammadreza Ojaghian
Ali Mirzaei
Wang Ling
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Abstract

The efficacy of solar heat in the control of bacterial soft rot of potato tubers was investigated in Maiduguri, semi-arid region of Northeastern Nigeria. Artificially contaminated tubers were exposed to solar heat for duration of 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The results showed that exposures for 120 and 180 minutes gave the highest control of the disease, although during the hot dry season (mean temperature at exposure was 54.6°C) exposure even for 30 minutes gave satisfactory control of the disease. Solar heat can therefore be used to control of bacterial soft rot of potato tubers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bulus Shapshi Bdliya
Humphrey Umaru Haruna
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Abstract

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most destructive viruses infecting potato in Egypt and worldwide. Recent research has shown that a necrotic PVY-NTN strain is infecting potato in Upper Egypt. Chemical control is not effective to control this viral pathogen. An alternative to control PVY infecting potato is using a mild PVY strain to elicit systemic cross protection in potato plants against infection with a severe necrotic strain of PVY. Results of this study showed that a PVY necrotic strain produced a significant lesser number of local lesions on diagnostic plants (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) when these plants were treated first with a mild PVY strain. Data obtained from greenhouse and field experiments indicated that treatment of potato plants (variety Burna) with a mild PVY strain significantly protected potato from infection with a severe necrotic PVY strain, and resulted in a significant increase in tuber yield compared with infected plants without prior treatment with a mild PVY strain. The highest increase in potato tuber yield was obtained when potato plants were inoculated with a mild PVY strain 3 days before challenging with the severe necrotic PVY strain. This study proved that using a mild strain of PVY can significantly protect potato plants from infection with a severe strain of this virus under both greenhouse and field conditions and can present a potential method to reduce losses due to infection of this virus in Assiut governorate and Upper Egypt.
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Authors and Affiliations

Osama A. Abdalla
Amal I. Eraky
Safynaz A. Mohamed
Fikry G. Fahmy
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Abstract

This study describes a newly developed index for predicting and forecasting the first (and potentially subsequent) timing of fungicide application against late blight in potato crops based on weather variables measured close to the crop. Inputs for index calculation were the following: daily minimum temperature, mean relative air humidity and daily precipitation. The decisive moment in the process of forecasting is the sum of daily index values for the previous 5 days. The index was tested in various localities of the Czech and the Slovak Republics for several years with a relatively high success rate exceeding the accuracy of previously applied strategies – NoBlight and negative prognosis. In comparison to the mentioned methods, the calculated index corresponded very well to long-term wet periods and indicated the first application date correctly. In years with no wet periods (in this case, 2015 and 2017), it allowed postponing the first application and reducing the number of required sprays during the growing season. The method does not depend on determining the emergence date, so it can be presented on the internet without cooperation with specific growers in a given locality, and thus supply information for a wider range of users. With knowledge about crop development and the degree of resistance to late blight of grown varieties, users can subsequently choose a specific fungicide and its application date.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomas Litschmann
Ervin Hausvater
Petr Dolezal
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Abstract

An application of biostimulants is becoming an increasingly popular operation in agriculture because they positively affect crop performance and qualitative characteristics, and prevent stress-related losses. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an application of the following biostimulants: PlonoStart, Aminoplant, and Agro-Sorb Folium, and the herbicide Avatar 293 ZC on total carotenoids in table potato tubers. The research material consisted of tubers of two table potato cultivars, Oberon and Malaga, which were produced in a 3-year field experiment. Chemical analyses of fresh material were conducted 4–6 days following harvest. Biostimulants applied with the herbicide significantly increased the table potato tuber content of carotenoids compared to tubers obtained from unamended control plots. The highest accumulation of carotenoids was determined following an application of the biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium, and it was higher in the tubers of cv. Oberon versus cv. Malaga. It should be added that in the available literature there is no research on the effect of biostimulants on the content of carotenoids in potato, which is the main food in the world. Carotenoids perform many important functions in the human body. They exhibit antioxidant properties, which means that they protect cells from damage, and also have a beneficial effect on the immune system. Carotenoids are substances that show an indispensable effect on the health and appearance of the skin. Regular consumption of them in the form of vegetables and fruits ensures its firmness, elasticity, smoothness, as well as a healthy appearance. The protective function of carotenoids against free radicals simultaneously contributes to slowing down the aging process. This action, in turn, translates into preventing the development of cancer or diseases of the circulatory system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Mystkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krystyna Zarzecka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Gugała
2
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Ginter
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Dieteties, John Paul II University of Applied Sciences, Biała Podlaska, Poland
  2. Department of Agrobioengineering and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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Abstract

The configuration of the smart irrigation system was designed on the basis of data specific to the parameters concerning characteristics of the plant and the pedological properties of the local soil (permeability, pH, humidity, porosity, etc.), including the meteorological factors. In the Chlef area, the water availability is dependent on meteorological data. The objective of this work is to estimate irrigation water needs in crop gardening (potato) based on a smart irrigation system (SIS). Thus, to ensure an equilibrated growth of crops, we have developed a system with parameters, such as soil moisture and soil temperature, which are the input variables of this smart irrigation system. This system was applied for the irrigation of potatoes (‘Bartina’ variety), planted in the agricultural experimental station of Lard El Beida at Chlef. The results obtained in terms of production yield led to a conclusion that the smart irrigation system allows achieving production of 124.83% with lower water consumption (–19.31%), compared to that of a drip irrigation system. Moreover, the granulometric analysis of the potato tuber size showed that 80.83% of the production is within the size range between 30 mm and 55 mm. By comparison, we observed that 77.4% of products obtained from drip irrigation follow a uniform distribution. We conclude that this smart irrigation system is very economical in terms of water use for gardening crops. Given these encouraging results, it would be wiser to generalize its application and implement it to guarantee food self-sufficiency in the water-deficient regions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammed Amoura
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mustapha Douani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Toufik Tahri
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory of Vegetal Chemistry-Water-Energy, Algeria
  2. Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy LGEER, Route nationale No. 19, 2000, Chlef, Algeria
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Abstract

A biotic interaction between fungi from soil within and outside the rhizosphere of potato and fungi responsible for black scurf – Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and silver scurf – Helminthosporium solani (Dur., Mont.). It was found that fungi population connected with crop environment under investigation promoted the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, thus indicating no resistance of this environment to this pathogen. These fungi, however, inhibited the growth of Helminthosporium solani.

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Authors and Affiliations

Halina Kurzawińska
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Abstract

The work involved assessment of the Myzus persicae (Sulz.) capability to infect successively potato plants with PVY and PVM after a Sunspray 850 EC mineral oil application. The tests were carried out in the greenhouse, with 4-week-old, healthy potato plants possessing low ressistance to viruses, derived from in vitro (test plants). Any time, for each combination and each virus, 10 successive plants were inoculated in 6 repetitions. Virus sources were potato plants infected with PVY or PVM, kept in isolated rooms. As a result of oil application, feeding of the M. persicae specimens on plants previously treated with this oil was delayed. The highest reduction as regards PVY and PVM transmission by M. persicae was obtained in the treatment where both plants constituting virus sources and test plants were protected, because only two of ten plants were infected with PVY, and only one with PVM. Mineral oil application only on potato test plants (healthy ones) reduced to a small degree M. persicae capability to transmit PVY to six successive plants (to seven in control), whereas it was much higher for PVM – to three (to six in control). In the case when only plants constituting virus sources were oil-protected, aphid’s capability to transmit PVY was limited only to four plants, and PVM – to two. These results seem to confirm much more the hypothesis that mineral oil inactivates virus particles in the stylets of aphids while they attempt to acquire it from plants which have been previously protected with mineral oil.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Wróbel
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Abstract

In the recent years earlier appearance of late blight on potato crops and the increase of infection pressure of Phytophthora infestans has been observed due to the changes in its population. The occurrence of P. infestans on potato plants at early plant growth stages points to the possibility of existence of other infection sources such as infected seed tubers or volunteer plants and their increasing role in the disease epidemiology. These changes have led to late blight epidemics developing earlier and more severely than previously and changes in the occurrence and development of first symptoms of P. infestans infection on potato plants. In the years 1997–2006, field studies were conducted at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute of Bonin with the emphasis on comparison of time of the occurrence and incidence level of late blight of potato. The criteria for pathogen infection pressure assessment were assumed to be the percentage of haulm destruction at the end of growing season and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), the late blight development rate defining the increase of destruction of above ground plant parts in unit time and also tuber yield and its healthiness. The observations carried out at Bonin revealed that both time of occurrence and severity of late blight differed and were dependent upon meteorological conditions and upon the year. Late blight occurred the earliest at Bonin in 2001 (42 days after planting). The time of occurrence of late blight depends upon rainfall in May and June. A very high infection rate of the pathogen was observed, particularly in 2006 (0.517) and in 2004 (0.400) despite late time of late blight appearance in the season. In these years AUDPC on the unprotected cultivar was 0.071 and 0.508, respectively. The 10 years of observations conducted at Bonin revealed that the yield and occurrence of tuber late blight depended mostly upon meteorological conditions in particular years.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józefa Kapsa
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Abstract

Potato leaf blight disease caused by Ulocladium atrum (Syn. Stemphylium atrum) is an important and epidemic disease in potato-growing regions of Iran. In this study, 30 isolates of the disease were collected from the main potato-growing regions of Iran and were analyzed on the basis of morphological characterization and pathogenicity. Based on morphological characteristics, all isolates were identified as U. atrum. Pathogenicity studies indicated that all 30 isolates were pathogenic on potato “Agria” to varying degrees. Five U. atrum isolates causing potato leaf blight disease, obtained from the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran, were also examined in this study. A total of 35 isolates were genetically analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Cluster analysis using the un-weighted pair group method with the arithmetic average (UPGMA) method for RAPD marker revealed no clear grouping of the isolates obtained from different geographical regions. The groupings, based on morphological characteristics, virulence variability and RAPD analysis, were not correlated. Cluster analysis using Jaccard’s coefficient for ISSR divided the U. atrum isolates into four main groups, in which there was no significant correlation between the isolate groupings regarding their geographic location and pathogenicity. Using molecular techniques genetic variability was detected among the accessions, with cophenetic correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.80 for RAPDs and 0.89 for ISSRs. The RAPD and ISSR marker results corresponded well, with a correlation of 0.55.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mehdi Nasr Esfahani
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Abstract

Ditylenchus destructor is a serious pest of numerous economically important plants worldwide. The population of this nematode species was isolated from the root zone of Ammophila arenaria on a Baltic Sea sand dune. This population’s morphological and morphometrical characteristics corresponded to D. destructor data provided so far, except for the stylet knobs’ height (2.1–2.9 vs 1.3–1.8) and their arrangement (laterally vs slightly posteriorly sloping), the length of a hyaline part on the tail end (0.8–1.8 vs 1–2.9), the pharyngeal gland arrangement in relation to the intestine (dorsal or ventral vs dorsal, ventral or lateral) and the appearance of vulval lips (smooth vs annulated). Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis confirmed the identity of D. destructor from a coastal dune.

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Authors and Affiliations

Renata Dobosz
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Rybarczyk-Mydłowska
Grażyna Winiszewska
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Abstract

Statistical analysis is helpful for better understanding of the processes which take place in agricultural ecosystems. Particular attention should be paid to the processes of crops’ productivity formation under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The goal of our study was to provide new theoretical knowledge about the dependence of vegetable crops’ productivity on water supply and heat income. The study was conducted in the irrigated conditions of the semi-arid cold Steppe zone on the fields of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS, Kherson, Ukraine. We studied the historical data of productivity of three most common in the region vegetable crops: potato, tomato, onion. The crops were cultivated by using the generally accepted in the region agrotechnology. Historical yielding and meteorological data of the period 1990–2016 were used to develop the models of the vegetable crops’ productivity. We used two approaches: development of pair linear models in three categories (“yield – water use”, “yield – sum of the effective air temperatures above 10°C”); development of complex linear regression models taking into account such factors as total water use, and temperature regime during the crops’ vegetation. Pair linear models of the crops’ productivity showed that the highest effect on the yields of potato and onion has the water use index (R2 of 0.9350 and 0.9689, respectively), and on the yield of tomato – temperature regime (R2 of 0.9573). The results of pair analysis were proved by the multiple regression analysis that revealed the same tendencies in the crop yield formation depending on the studied factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Raisa Vozhehova
Sergii Kokovikhin
Pavlo V. Lykhovyd
Halyna Balashova
Yuriy Lavrynenko
Iryna Biliaieva
Olena Markovska
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Abstract

FAO AquaCrop model ver. 6.1 was calibrated and validated by means of an independent data sets during the harvesting seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, at El Noubaria site in western north of Egypt. To assess the impact of the increase in temperature and CO2 concentration on potato biomass and tuber yield simulations, experiments were carried out with four downscaled and bias-corrected of General Circulation Models (GCMs) data sets based on the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) scenarios under demonstrative Concentration Trails (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, selected for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. The study showed that the model could satisfactorily simulate potato canopy cover, biomass, harvest and soil water content under various irrigation treatments. The biomass and yield decreased for all GCMs in both future series 2030s and 2050s. Biomass reduction varied between 5.60 and 9.95%, while the reduction of the simulated yield varied between 3.53 and 7.96% for 2030. The lowest values of biomass and yield were achieved by HadGEM2-ES under RCP 8.5 with 27.213 and 20.409 Mg∙ha–1, respectively corresponding to –9.95 and –7.96% reduction. The lowest reductions were 5.60 and 3.53% for biomass and yield, respectively, obtained with MIROC5 under RCP 8.5 for 2030. Reductions in biomass and yield in 2050 were higher than in 2030. The results are showing that higher temperatures shortened the growing period based on calculated growing degree days (GDD). Therefore, it is very important to study changing sowing dates to alleviate the impact of climate change by using field trials, simulation and deep learning models.
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Authors and Affiliations

Osama Dewedar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Finn Plauborg
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed El-Shafie
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelbaset Marwa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
  2. Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Tjele, Denmark
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Abstract

Batch dark fermentation of wheat straw and boiled potato wastes at volatile suspended solids (VSS) 5 g VSS/L are examined and compared. Investigations on dark fermentation of potatowastes and wheat straw were carried out at different pH and OFR (oxygen flow rate) values and inoculum pretreatment. The obtained hydrogen yield from waste potato was 70 mL/g VSS, while for hydrolysed wheat straw it amounted to 80 mL/g VSS. The optimum conditions for potato dark fermentation are acidic pH 6.0 and OFR 1.0 mL/h, while for the wheat straw, optimal conditions are pH 6.4 and OFR 4.6 mL/h. The comparison revealed a significant difference in hydrogen production due to the type of substrate, inoculum stressing and DF conditions applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gaweł Sołowski
1
Izabela Konkol
1
Marwa Shalaby
2
Adam Cenian
1

  1. Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Physical Aspects of Ecoenergy Department, 14 Fiszera St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
  2. National Research Center in Cairo, Department of Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant, El Bijouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt 12622
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Abstract

The fertilizing value of rye, potato and molasses decoctions was evaluated in a microplot experiment, in which maize and turnip were used as testing plants. Based on the analysis of chemical composition of decoctions it was found that these decoctions used as fertilizing material were unbalanced with respect to their N, Pand K contents. The potato decoction is characterized by the most favourable N:K ratio from the point of view of the nutritional requirements of plants. The rye decoction contains too little potassium and that from molasses - too much of this element in relation to N content. The use of the molasses decoction in fertilizing is possible after its correction with phosphorus. The rye decoction requires correction with potassium for appropriate use in fertilization. In addition, application of the decoctions studied caused an increase in the organic C and total N contents in soil and improvements in the sorption properties of soil. The molasses decoction caused a decrease in the available forms of P in soil. The decoctions applied in experiments considerably increased yields and nutrient content in plants studied, both in the direct and after- effect.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Rutkowska
ORCID: ORCID
Wiesław Szulc
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Łabętowicz
Anna Gutowska
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Abstract

Chemical plant protection is still an indispensable method in effective potato protection against Colorado potato beetle – CPB – (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in Poland. This species is able to develop strong resistance against all active substances used in chemical and biological insecticides. The phenomenon of resistance is variable in time and in space. Therefore the objective of the study was to determine the present susceptibility level of Polish populations of CPB to main groups of insecticides recommended in Poland for CPB control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Węgorek

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