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Abstract

What strategies do plants use in trying to disperse their seeds, so as to colonize distant areas? Is it more advantageous to have tiny seeds as light as a feather, or tough and heavy acorns?
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewelina Ratajczak
1
Hanna Fuchs
1
Joanna Kijowska-Oberc
1
Jan Suszka
1
Aleksandra M. Staszak
2

  1. PAS Institute of Dendrology in Kórnik
  2. Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok
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Abstract

Using Scopus and Web of Science databases we identified the Polish scientists with the highest number of publications, citations, and h-index in the field of pharmacy, pharmacology, and physiology. 148 such researchers were identified and then assigned to the research units in which they are employed. 31 such units were identified and analyzed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Pilc
1 2
Włodzimierz Buczko
3

  1. Instytut Farmakologii im. J. Maja PAN
  2. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum
  3. Państwowa Uczelnia Zawodowa, Suwałki
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Abstract

This paper concerns measurement procedures on an emotion monitoring stand designed for tracking human emotions in the Human-Computer Interaction with physiological characteristics. The paper addresses the key problem of physiological measurements being disturbed by a motion typical for human-computer interaction such as keyboard typing or mouse movements. An original experiment is described, that aimed at practical evaluation of measurement procedures performed at the emotion monitoring stand constructed at GUT. Different locations of sensors were considered and evaluated for suitability and measurement precision in the Human- Computer Interaction monitoring. Alternative locations (ear lobes and forearms) for skin conductance, blood volume pulse and temperature sensors were proposed and verified. Alternative locations proved correlation with traditional locations as well as lower sensitiveness to movements like typing or mouse moving, therefore they can make a better solution for monitoring the Human-Computer Interaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Landowska
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Abstract

Fusarium wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), causes serious production losses of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Biological control, using an antagonistic of Trichoderma species, is a bio-rationale and an alternative method to synthetic pesticides against most phytopathogens. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum and/or T. viride in reducing Fusarium wilt and to determine the relationship between disease severity and plant growth promoting traits of these species. Trichoderma viride exhibited better phosphate solubilization and production of cellulases, ligninases, chitinases, proteases, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophores and indole acetic acid (IAA) than T. harzianum. For field assessment, five treatments with three replicates were used. The field was inoculated with the wilt fungus (FOL). Both Trichoderma spp. used were applied as a seed treatment, mixed in the soil, and FOL inoculated soil served as the untreated control. During the two consecutive years, seed treatment with T. viride exhibited the least disease severity, the highest physiological activity, the highest biochemical and antioxidant contents, and tomato plants treated with it exhibited the best growth and yield. It was concluded that Trichoderma viride can potentially be used to reduce Fusarium wilt and promote plant growth and yield in commercial tomato production.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arshi Jamil
1

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Abstract

The aim of this review is to describe ecological and physiological features of Andrallus spinidens Fabricius and to discuss various possibilities of using it as an appropriate biocontrol agent in different agroecosystems. This hemipteran is a cosmopolitan predator of caterpillar pests of rice, wheat, soybean, moong, pigeon pea, maize, sugarcane and cowpea with special feeding on Chilo suppressalis Walker, Naranga aenescnes Moore, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Climate, spatial distribution of prey and type of agricultural crop are among the factors influencing the biology and spatial-temporal distribution of A. spinidens. Studies have shown random or aggregated distribution of the predatory bug with population peaks in April, July and October. The 1st instar nymphs have no feeding, the 2nd and 3rd (the first 2 days) instars are seedling feeders while they are voracious predators of caterpillars from the middle of 3rd instar to adulthood. The salivary gland consisted of two anterior-, two lateral- and two posterior lobes with major secretion of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amino- and carboxypeptidases. The alimentary canal has a four-sectioned midgut in which the third section seems to be the main place for digestive enzymes including α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase cathepsins B, L and D as well as carboxy- and aminopetidases. Andrallus spinidens have shown compatibility with some insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. The predatory bug may be successfully reared in a laboratory using Galleria mellonella larvae as prey and both conservation and augmentation should be considered as biological control strategies against insect pests.

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Authors and Affiliations

Arash Zibaee
Samar Ramzi
Hassan Hoda
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Abstract

The article deals with effect the use of organic (biohumus) and mineral (biochar) fertilizers based on the products of chicken vital activity on changing the fertility of technogenic sod-podzolic soils exposed to constant and unstable magnetic fields. The germination and growth dynamics of grasses and onions were investigated. The rational rate of introduction of the studied fertilizers into the technogenic soil is determined. Running (RMF) and direct (DMF) magnetic fields were applied in two ways: with fertilizers added and without fertilizers added. It has been established that the effect of preliminary magnetization of technogenic soil has a significant effect on lawn grass germination and the length of onion feathers, which are more than twice the height when exposed to the RMF, as compared with DMF. The effect of RMF on grass germination was also twice as high for DMF, when fertilizers were added. The DMF mag-netization and biohumus helps to increase the grass sprout height by 10–20%. Onion sprouts were higher in two cases: DMF and biohumus; RMF and biochar. The influence of the factor of fertilizer type has a significant effect in 30–40% of cases, whilst at a spread rate of more than 5%, significant chemical activity of biochar negatively affects the germination of both grass and onion.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Vasilyeva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanislav Kovshov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Johnny Zambrano
3
ORCID: ORCID
Maxim Zhemchuzhnikov
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Saint Petersburg Mining University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Transport and Technological Processes and Machines, 2, 21st Line, St Petersburg 199106, Russia
  2. Saint Petersburg Mining University, Department of Industrial Safety, St Petersburg, Russia
  3. Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Departamento de Petróleos, Quito, Ecuador
  4. JSC Roskar Poultry Farm, Pervomayskoe settlement, Leningrad region, Russia
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Abstract

There were tested microorganisms in differents soils at Admiralty Bay region. The physiological groups of microorganisms were restricted by the kind of organic matter. There were found in ornithogenic soils in higher number the following groups of microorganisms; proteolytic bacteria, uric acid and L-asparagine ammonifying bacteria, chitin degrading bacteria, lecithin degrading bacteria and calcium phosphate dissolving bacteria. The nitrifying bacteria were found in lower horizons of ornithogenic soils in higher number. The nitrogen fixing bacteria were found in mineral soils covered by plant associations, only. The spore-forming bacteria were detected in ornithogenic soils and in soil influenced by man.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław J. Pietr

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