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Abstract

Unintentional islanding detection is one the mandatory criterion that must be met by PV inverters before connecting them into the grid. Acceptable time for inverter for islanding detection is less than 2 seconds. In this paper voltage parameters after islanding occurrence and before turning off the inverter are analyzed. In order to simulate islanding state and perform measurements the testing system was build. Three different commercial PV inverters were tested. Measured signals were used to calculate voltage envelope, phasor, frequency and ROCOF. Collected data proved to be helpful to compere different inverters.
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Bibliography

[1] S. Barczentewicz, A Bień, K. Duda , „The use of PMU data for detecting and monitoring selected electromagnetic disturbances”, International Journal od Electronics and Telecommunication. 2020, https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2020.134040
[2] IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems—Amendment 1: Modification of Selected Performance Requirements, IEEE Standard C37.118.1a, Apr. 2014.
[3] International Standard Synchrophasor for power systems – Measurements, IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1, Edition 1.0, Dec. 2018.
[4] G. A. Dileep, “Survey on smart grid technologies and applications”, Renewable Energy, vol. 146, pp. 2589-2625, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.092
[5] S. Barczentewicz, T. Lerch, A. Bień, K. Duda, “Laboratory Evaluation of a Phasor-Based Islanding Detection Method”. Energies. 2021; 14(7):1953. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071953
[6] IEEE 15471-2020 „Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces”
[7] S. Raza, H. Arof, H. Mokhlis, H. Mohamad, H. Azil Illias, “Passive islanding detection technique for synchronous generators based on performance ranking of different passive parameters”. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 2017, 11, 4175–4183, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0806
[8] Z. Lin, T. Xia, Y. Ye, Y. Zhang, L. Chen, Y. Liu, K. Tomsovic, T. Bilke, F. Wen, “Application of wide area measurement systems to islanding detection of bulk power systems.” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2013, 28, 2006–2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2250531
[9] S.I. Jang, K.H. Kim, “An islanding detection method for distributed generations using voltage unbalance and total harminic distrotion of current.” IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 2004, 19, 745–752, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2003.822964
[10] R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, P. Rodriguez, “Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and Wind Power System” John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, West Sussex, UK; 2011; pp. 93–96
[11] S. Murugesan, M. Venkatakirthiga, “Active Unintentional Islanding Detection Method for Multiple PMSG based DGs.” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2020, 56, 4700–4708, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.3001504
[12] S. Murugesan, V. Murali, “Hybrid Analyzing Technique Based Active Islanding Detection for Multiple DGs.” IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 2019, 15, 1311–1320, https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2018.2846025
[13] D. Sivadas, K. Vasudevan, “An Active Islanding Detection Strategy with Zero Non detection Zone for Operation in Single and Multiple Inverter Mode Using GPS Synchronized Pattern.” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2020, 67, 5554–5564, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2019.2931231
[14] M. Ropp, E. Aaker, K. Haigh, J. Sabbah, “Using power line carrier communication to prevent islanding”. IEEE Photovolt. Spec. Conf. 2002, 1675–1678, https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2000.916224
[15] X. Wilson, Z. Guibin, L. Chun, W. Wencong, W. Guangzhu, K. A Jacek, “Power line signaling based technique for anti-islanding protection of distributed generators-Part I: Sheme and analysis.”, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 2007, 22, 1758–1766, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.899618
[16] Z. Ye, R. Walling, L. Garces, R. Zhou, L. Li, T. Wang, “Study and Development of Anti-Islanding Control. for Grid-Connected Inverters”; Nat. Renew. Energy Lab.: Golden, CO, USA, May 2004, NREL/ SR-560-36243.
[17] S. Katyara, A. Hashmani, B.S. Chowdhary, H.B. Musavi, A. Aleem, F.A. Chachar, M.A. Shah, “Wireless Networks for Voltage Stability Analysis and Anti-islanding Protection of Smart Grid System.” Wirel. Pers. Commun. 2020, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07432-w
[18] K. Duda, T.P. Zieliński, S. Barczentewicz, “Perfectly Flat-Top and Equiripple Flat-Top Cosine Windows”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 2016, 65, 1558–1567, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2016.2534398
[19] K. Duda, T.P. Zieliński, “FIR Filters Compliant with the IEEE Standard for M Class PMU”. Metrol. Meas. Syst. 2016, 23, 623–636, https://doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0055

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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Henryk Barczentewicz
1
Tomasz Lerch
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Bień
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Power quality (PQ) monitoring is important for both the utilities and also the users of electric power. The most widespread measurement instrument used for PQ monitoring is the PQM (Power Quality Monitor) or PQA (Power Quality Analyzer). In this paper we propose the usage of PMU data for PQ parameters monitoring. We present a new methodology of PQ parameters monitoring and classification based on PMU data. The proposed methodology is tested with real measurements performed in distribution system using dedicated PMU system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon H. Barczentewicz
Andrzej Bień
Krzysztof Duda
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Abstract

Power systems that are highly loaded, especially by a stochastic supply of renewables and the presence of storages, require dynamic measurements for their optimal control. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be used to capture electrical parameters of a power system. Standards on the PMU dynamic performance have been modified to incorporate their new dynamic mode of operation. This paper examines the PMU dynamic performance and proposes essential algorithms for measurement accuracy verification. Measurements of dynamic input signals, which vary in amplitude or frequency, were taken during automated tests of two PMUs. The test results are presented and expounded with further recommendation for the performance requirements. This paper also presents and examines applied testing procedures with relevance to the specifications of the IEEE Standard for Synchrophasor C37.118.1™-2011 and its amendment C37.118.1a™-2014.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Arendarski
Steffen Rabe
Wolfram Heineken
Przemysław Komarnicki
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Abstract

In this paper it is shown that M class PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) reference model for phasor estimation recommended by the IEEE Standard C37.118.1 with the Amendment 1 is not compliant with the Standard. The reference filter preserves only the limits for TVE (total vector error), and exceeds FE (frequency error) and RFE (rate of frequency error) limits. As a remedy we propose new filters for phasor estimation for M class PMU that are fully compliant with the Standard requirements. The proposed filters are designed: 1) by the window method; 2) as flat-top windows; or as 3) optimal min-max filters. The results for all Standard compliance tests are presented, confirming good performance of the proposed filters. The proposed filters are fixed at the nominal frequency, i.e. frequency tracking and adaptive filter tuning are not required, therefore they are well suited for application in lowcost popular PMUs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Duda
Tomasz P. Zieliński
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Abstract

The electrical network is a man-made complex network that makes it difficult to monitor and control the power system with traditional monitoring devices. Traditional devices have some limitations in real-time synchronization monitoring which leads to unwanted behavior and causes new challenges in the operation and control of the power systems. A Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an advanced metering device that provides an accurate real-time and synchronized measurement of the voltage and current waveforms of the buses in which the PMU devices are directly connected in the grid station. The device is connected to the busbars of the power grid in the electrical distribution and transmission systems and provides time-synchronized measurement with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, the implementation and maintenance cost of the device is not bearable for the electrical utilities. Therefore, in recent work, many optimization approaches have been developed to overcome optimal placement of PMU problems to reduce the overall cost by providing complete electrical network observability with a minimal number of PMUs. This research paper reviews the importance of PMU for the modern electrical power system, the architecture of PMU, the differences between PMU, micro-PMU, SCADA, and smart grid (SG) relation with PMU, the sinusoidal waveform, and its phasor representation, and finally a list of PMU applications. The applications of PMU are widely involved in the operation of power systems ranging from power system control and monitor, distribution grid control, load shedding control and analyses, and state estimation which shows the importance of PMU for the modern world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maveeya Baba
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nursyarizal B.M. Nor
1
Aman Sheikh
2
Grzegorz Nowakowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Faisal Masood
1
Masood Rehman
1
Muhammad Irfan
4
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed Amirul Arefin
Rahul Kumar
5
Baba Momin
6

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
  2. Department of Electronics and Computer Systems Engineering (ECSE), Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
  3. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  4. College of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
  5. Laboratorio di Macchine e Azionamenti Elettrici, Dipartmento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Universita Degli Studi di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
  6. Department of Electrical Engineering CECOS University of Information Technology and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan

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