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Number of results: 16
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Abstract

This article deals with the rise in the Polish literature of 1970s of a new type of biographical novel, associated with the fi rst post-war generation of writers like Bohdan Zadura, Julian Kornhauser, Adam Zagajewski, Henryk Lothamer, Stanisław Piskor and Donat Kirsch. Their work is subsumed here under the label ‘new fi ction’ primarily because of its literary context, i.e. the late-modern fears and uncertainties culminating in the assumption that literature reached the state of exhaustion. The article argues that the ‘new fi ction’ acquired its distinctive character from a preoccupation with the biographical narrative and a sense of generational identity. The writers who defi ned themselves in these generational terms saw their prospect of following their aspirations and building up authentic lives weighed down by the constricting realities, and, as the article claims, resigned themselves – at best not entirely – to this sad conclusion.

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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Kaliszuk
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Abstract

This article examines two forms of 19th-century animal magnetism. The fi rst had its roots in early 19th-century Romanticism, the other fl ourished on the fringe of orthodox science and medicine in the last decades of the century. Common to both is a confl ation of scientifi c experimentation, hermetic thought and popular culture. Mesmerism represented a peculiar, excitingly unorthodox face of 19th-century modernity. Now largely discredited and forgotten, it fed on the contemporary enthusiasm for scientifi c discoveries and confi dence in the human ability to do virtually anything. What distinguished mesmerism from other vitalist theories was its claim to shift the boundary between physics and metaphysics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kuziak
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Abstract

Contrary to the prevailing methodological consensus, this article defines autopoiesis as a synonym of autocreation, or, more precisely, discursive identity construction. The latter refers to a literary ‘existential project’ which assumes that the sense of the self, or sameness, is the product of multiple, mostly discursive, interactions. They are the tex-ture of complex cultural processes which result in the determination by an individual of what he/she would like to be or what he/she would like be perceived. This construction of the self is in a state of ongoing contextualization within two distinct identity dis-courses, the discourse of individual uniqueness (founded on the sense of one’s body) and the discourse of collective participation (as defined by politics). The article argues that the two-dimensional contextualization is essentially historical and defines a broadly understood modernity. By examining the work of Gustave Flaubert the article shows how the oscillation between these two poles shapes the image of the modern writer created by Flaubert himself.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Paweł Markowski
1

  1. University of Illinois, Chicago i Uniwersytet Jagielloński
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Abstract

In the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century numerous parks were built all over Europe, which, though different in many aspects, still show certain similarities in space structure and composition. The question is, whether late modern public parks, built in the second half on the 20th century follow the classical design and composition „rules”? How did the extremely functionalist design approach of the era after WW2 influence park design? The answer is the result of a detailed analysis on space structure and composition principles of the parks built in these times. In this research I analyzed according to specific criteria the Jubileum Park in Budapest, one of the most prominent work of the late modern period in Hungary. The 12 ha Jubileum Park (built in 1965) is located in the heart of Budapest, on the top of Gellért Hill, next to river Danube. Laying high above the city on an exposed hillside, the park offers a broad view of the whole city. The structure of the park is basically determined by the extreme topography, and one of the great value of the park is the natural looking grading, which determines the space structure and fits to the natural terrain very nicely, and the walkway system, which fits to the contour lines and explores the whole site. Fitting to the windy and exposed hilltop position, in space division the terrain in the most appealing, the plantation is only secondary. From formal point an interesting feature is the dominance of two dimensional elements with characteristic shape, like flowerbeds or ornamental pools and the curves of the walkway system. Though the main function of the park is to underline the fantastic visual potential with providing viewpoints, there are some playgrounds as well. For the visitor of today the specialty of the park celebrating the 50th anniversary this year, is, that – disregarding some minor changes – there were no alterations since it exists. As a first step I analyzed the space structure of the park, putting an extra emphasis on the existence or lack of any axis, on the accentuation of the park entrances, on the space organization inside the park and on the existence/lack of hierarchy. Important aspect of analysis was the connection of the park to connecting urban fabric and green surfaces nearby. The next step was to compare the results with other parks built in former times, but having similar natural setting. The goal of the research is to determine, how much the spatial composition of Jubileum Park is different from the spatial composition of classical parks. The results might help to realize, what kind of spatial composition and space structure is typical of late modern parks. It would be important to preserve these space structural specialties of the Jubileum Park during a more and more urgent renovation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Eszter Bakay
Dorottya Varró
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Abstract

Adam Mickiewicz's epic poem Pan Tadeusz, published in Paris in 1834, can be seen as an expression of a romantic culture of remembrance which emerged in Poland and Lithuania in the aftermath of a traumatic political event, the January Uprising of 1830–1831. This article discusses the poet's transformation of the devices and generic model of heroic epic for the double purpose of expressing a notion of historical time which holds out an open future for both the individual and the national community, and of promoting the acceptance of a complicated past through the resolution of its conflicts. Both in Poland and in Lithuania, Pan Tadeusz was regarded as a monumental tribute to the culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and a major influence on the modern national literatures in Lithuanian, Belarusian and Yiddish, sprouting on the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
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Authors and Affiliations

Brigita Speičytė
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. prof. dr hab., Departament Literatury Litewskiej, Wydział Filologiczny Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego
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Abstract

This article explores the darkened and rarely visited zones of Maria Dąbrowska’s Noce i dnie [ Nights and Days] (1932–1934), a tetralogy of novels usually read as a realist family saga. In its broad panorama children and childhood have a very important place, yet what seems to have largely been ignored is the enigmatic nature of childhood and child's role as a locus of mystery. With the help of tropes of the folk imaginarium (primarily the iconic Grimms’ Fairy Tales), and conceptual tools borrowed from Sigmund Freud, Bruno Bettelheim, Jacques Lacan and Julia Kristeva, the article analyzes Dąbrowska’s multi‑layered and elusive characters, caught up in an endless strife trying in vain to tame the chaos within themselves and to get to grips with the threatening uncanniness of the world outside.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Chyła
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. doktorantka, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
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Abstract

This article examines the analogies, and more specifically the historical 'theatre of the imagination', between Tytus Czyżewski's Robespierre/Rhapsody (1927) and Stanisław Wyspiański's poetic dramas Rhapsodies (Kazimierz the Great and Bolesław the Bold). Each of those poems foregrounds its principal historical character. Wyspiański's dramatic poems, commonly known as Rhapsodies, focus on Kazimierz the Great, Bolesław the Bold, and Piast. kings of pivotal significance in his vision of Poland's historical destiny. Twenty years later Tytus Czyżewski, an acclaimed avant-garde painter and poet, composed a poetic-essayistic salmagundi, in which he sought to render in a similarly elevated style and condensed dialogue the drama of the leaders of the French Revolution, Robespierre and Danton. While Robespierre has to face, apart from some common people, God, the Spirit and Judges that sit in judgment on him, the final section of Rhapsody evokes Juliusz Słowacki. A monologue, mimicking his lofty verse, establishes a metaphorical common thread in Polish history – from the days of mail-clad knights to the wretched everyday life in the trenches – set against a broad background of wars, destruction and the French Revolution. For Czyżewski the French Revolution was a ground-breaking event, the first act of a great historical process that ushered in the Modern Age with its ideas of progress, reason, freedom, social justice, the elimination of poverty. It continues to inspire mankind with the hope that even a most ambitious change is possible. For Wyspiański, on the other hand, the grand project of human emancipation does give rise to doubts whether a wholesale obliteration of the Old is justified and to questions about God, free will, theodicy and destiny, and the 'tyranny of reason'. The differences between the two philosophies of history – Wyspiański's, from the turn of the 19th century, and Czyżewski's, representative of the artistic and intellectual climate of the late 1920s – are no doubt profound, and yet, what both of them seem to share is a deep concern with the relevance of history for the present and for designing the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Sienkiewicz
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Abstract

An interesting fact in the intellectual history of the fin-de-siècle and first three decades of the 20th century is that the crisis of modernity was understood in categories of sex and gender. In spite of the differences dividing the German intellectual trend of cultural pessimism, the conservative revolution, and Fascist thinking, all these paradigms are linked by the characteristic conviction that ‘modernity’, being the consequence of the French Revolution, was ruled by the ‘feminine principle’. This principle was supposed to represent what is anti-military, anti-state, and anti-cultural at the same time. Variations on the theory of male bonding (Männerbund) were the intellectual reaction to that ‘feminine principle’. The intellectual patterns described here find their continuation in contemporary conservative thought.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nina Gładziuk
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Abstract

Shaping a space shouldn’t be an endless expansion of the built environemnt. New districts and new cities should be more than collections of houses, quickly produced and placed without any overarching concept. They should present streets, squares, axes, directions, as features of the area's composition. An ordered space is a sign of true modernity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Gzell
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Abstract

This article discusses the multi-threaded and multi-dimensional process of preparing a technical designs that lead to the introduction of new forms of use into existing urban and architectural structures of high historical value. It covers research concerning formal and spatial determinants, associated with local law in selected European countries. Its results point to concise, precise and easily understandable provisions in terms of local law concerning planned development in areas under heritage conservation, which is conducive to a climate of social acceptance of constraints and prohibitions that — some — may consider significant.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Barnaś
1

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture Institute of Urban and Regional Development
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Abstract

Late, unlike heavy, modernity until now has been devoid of any radical project for the future. It rather makes people use a rose‑tinted past to cope with future‑oriented anxieties. Solidarity’s desire for heavy modernity demonstrates that this sickness has been around for a long time. In what ways were the people of Solidarity nostalgic, and how did modernity’s global crisis reinvigorate the “desirable heaviness of being”? “The desirable heaviness of being” depicts the phenomenon of nostalgia for postwar heavy modernity within the early Solidarity movement. The theory of post‑socialist nostalgia highlights the importance of nostalgia for the future‑oriented past of heavy modernity in appraising the system during the Solidarity period. The interplay between Solidarity, late state socialism, and the crisis of heavy modernity exemplifies Eastern Europe’s interactions with globalising economies before and after 1989. The recollections of the August Strike as well as the Solidarity trade union’s programme provide examples for the longing. The links between state socialism and the global crisis of modernity shed light on current reasons for nostalgia, which may be of interest to “rescue history”.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Perkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Gdański
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Abstract

Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Prince has been one of the most extensively studied works of political theory since its original publication. The reason for the ongoing interest in this work is its radical modernity. This paper analyses an important dimension of this aspect which has been overlooked thus far, namely the author’s attitude towards his prince and the means he used to express it, by comparing Machiavelli’s attitudes with those of Guillaume Budé and Erasmus of Rotterdam.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Porada
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Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie rezultatów badań z zakresu historii idei zarówno europejskiego republikanizmu, jak i radykalizmu politycznego. Punktem wyjścia podjętych analiz jest rekonstrukcja interpretacji historycznego sensu sarmackiego republikanizmu szlacheckiego wypracowanej przez jednego z głównych przedstawicieli Warszawskiej Szkoły Historii Idei – Andrzeja Walickiego. W nawiązaniu do tej interpretacji, argumentacja przedstawiona w artykule kieruje się przeciwko szeroko akceptowanej tezie o jednoznacznym konserwatyzmie tej formy republikanizmu. Drogą argumentacji jest wskazanie na wewnętrzną paradoksalność opisywanego zjawiska intelektualnego, będącego z perspektywy historii idei anty-absolutystyczną, obywatelską ideologią wolności politycznej. Tym, co stanowi w artykule przedmiot krytyki, jest podjęta przez Walickiego próba interpretacji republikanizmu szlacheckie-go jako „zalążkowej” postaci nowoczesnego nacjonalizmu obywatelskiego. Argumentem przeciwko tej interpretacji jest stwierdzenie, iż jest ona oparta na normatywnym, a nie tylko opisowym podejściu do idei nowoczesności oraz ukrytej tezie na temat wewnętrznej logiki historii. W myśl głównej tezy artykułu, właściwszą drogą rozwiązania paradoksu związanego z interpretacją sarmackiego republikanizmu szlacheckiego jako „konserwatyzmu wolności” jest wpisanie tego zjawiska w euro-pejską tradycję radykalizmu politycznego. Oryginalność przedstawionych tu badań z zakresu historii radykalizmu polega na wypracowaniu w ich ramach uogólnionego pojęcia „radykalizmu stanowego”. Celem tej konstrukcji pojęciowej jest umożliwienie zidentyfikowania idei samej nowoczesności jako integralnego elementu ideologii radykalizmu trzeciego stanu względnie radykalizmu klasy średniej. Zgodnie z przed-stawioną w artykule interpretacją, sarmacki republikanizm szlachecki należałoby z kolei zidentyfikować tak samo, jak francuski „frondyzm” – jako swoisty radykalizm szlachecki, w którym można widzieć pewną sekularną religię polityczną.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Gniazdowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii, ul. Nowy Świat 72, 00‑330 Warszawa
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Abstract

This article presents a new approach to the interpretation of Juliusz Słowacki's Genesis from the Spirit (1844) from the perspective of the groundbreaking philosophical discourse of modernity. What it actually suggests is that the mystical Form of Słowacki's cosmic vision, believed to be an emanation of the Absolute or a vestige of Creation, has a historical and materialist core. This claim is based on a series of comparisons with passages from Hegel and the premises of the philosophy of Friedrich Schlegel. By following closely the spontaneous movement of inner tensions in Słowacki's poetic discourse this study demonstrates that it is driven his own philosophical project and less so by the discourse of mysticism.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Kacper Kutrzeba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków
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Abstract

One of the main traits of a society of reflexive modernity is the critical analysis of categories that in the past appeared unquestionable. Socio-cultural gender and health or illness/mental disorders are categories of this type. Above all, they are socially constructed, that is, they are dependent on culture and on political, economic, and religious factors. The author undertakes to analyse the relations between the diagnostic criteria used in the international system of classifying mental diseases (DSM-IV and ICD-10) and traditional schemas of masculinity and femininity. Confirmation of the incidence of particular diseases in connection with gender is the author’s entry point for seeking answers to why individuals suffering from certain illnesses/mental disorders display behaviour corresponding to traditional gender roles, even though contemporary gender roles are fluid in many respects, and hypotheses about biological differences as causes of incidence of disease in men and women have not been empirically confirmed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Frąckowiak-Sochańska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

In the first part of the article, Krzysztof A. Makowski describes how the idea of granting Poland the opportunity to host the 23rd International Congress of Historical Sciences in 2020 in Poznań came about and how Poznań’s application to host the Congress was prepared. Moreover, the author presents the ongoing preparations for the Congress. In the second part of the article, Ewa Domańska discusses the origins and evolution of the idea of “alter-native modernities” and “epi- stemic justice” as leitmotifs of Poznań’s application. She stresses the need and importance of developing an intellectual alliance of East-Central European countries and lists activities that could help raise the region’s status as an important centre of knowledge building.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Domańska
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof A. Makowski

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