How to search?
advanced search

Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 8
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:

Investigation of the process of adsorption of heavy metals in coastal sands containing micro-plastics, with special attention to the effect of aging process and bacterial spread in micro-plastics

Sara Seyfi Homayoun Katibeh Monireh Heshami
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | 47 | 3 | 50-59 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.138463
Keywords adsorption aging heavy metals Erythrobacter microplastics
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The chief purpose of this study is to investigate the process of adsorption of heavy metals in sands containing microplastics due to aging and bacterial culture. For this purpose, first, the experiment’s conditions were determined by reviewing previous studies and examining the effects of factors on the duration of bacterial culture and UV radiation. Finally, the test conditions were determined as follows: 25 g of adsorbent in 250 ml solution containing 50 mg/l of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, chromium, and nickel, 750 micrograms of microplastic, bacterial culture time two days, aging time with UV light 14 days. Results of the study show that the addition of virgin microplastics has little effected on increasing the adsorbent strength, except in the case of nickel whichreduces adsorption strength. The aging process increases the absorption of all studied metals by up to 60%. Bacterial culture without an aging process reduces the absorption of nickel and cadmium. Simultaneous use of bacterial culture and aging increases the adsorption power by up to 80% for all metals.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Andini, S., Cioffi, R., Montagnaro, F., Pisciotta, F. & Santoro, L. (2006). Simultaneous adsorption of ‎chlorophenol and heavy metal ions on organophilic bentonite. Applied clay science. 31, no. 1-2. pp. 126-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2005.09.004
  2. Ashton, K., Holmes, L., & Turner, A. (2010). Association of metals with plastic production pellets in the marine environment. Marine pollution bulletin. 60(11). pp. 2050-2055. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.014.
  3. Awan, M. A., Ishtiaq, A. Q. & Khalid, I. (2003). Removal of heavy metals through adsorption ‎using sand. Journal of Environmental Sciences 15, no. 3 . pp. 413-416.‎ PMID: 12938995
  4. Boujelben, N., Bouzid, J. & Elouear, Z. (2009). Adsorption of nickel and copper onto natural iron ‎oxide-coated sand from aqueous solutions: study in single and binary systems. Journal of ‎Hazardous Materials. 163, no. 1, pp. 376-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.128
  5. Bradl, Heike B. (2004). Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. Journal of ‎colloid and interface science 277, no. 1, pp.1-18.DOI 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.005.
  6. Brennecke, D., Duarte, B., Paiva, F., Caçador, I., & Canning-Clode, J. (2016). Microplastics as vector for heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 178. pp. 189-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003.
  7. Chen, Yen-Hua, and Fu-An Li. (2010). Kinetic study on removal of copper (II) using goethite and ‎hematite nano-photocatalysts. Journal of colloid and interface science. 347, no. 2. pp.277-‎‎281.‎ DOI10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.050.
  8. Cole, Matthew. (2016). A novel method for preparing micro plastic fibers. Scientific reports. 6, no. 1. pp.1-7. DOI: 10.1038/srep34519.
  9. Corradini, F., Bartholomeus, H., Lwanga, E. H., Gertsen, H., & Geissen, V. (2019a). Predicting soil microplastic concentration using vis-NIR spectroscopy. Science of the Total Environment. 650. pp. 922-932. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.101.
  10. Corradini, F., Meza, P., Eguiluz, R., Casado, F., Huerta-Lwanga, E., & Geissen, V. (2019b). Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal. Science of the total environment. 671. pp.411-420. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.368.
  11. Curren, E., & Leong, S. C. Y. (2019). Profiles of bacterial assemblages from microplastics of tropical coastal environments. Science of the total environment. 655. pp. 313-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.250.
  12. Ding, J., Li, J., Sun, C., Jiang, F., Ju, P., Qu, L., ... & He, C. (2019). Detection of microplastics in local marine organisms using a multi-technology system. Analytical Methods. 11, no. 1. pp.78-87. DOI: 10.1039/C8AY01974F.
  13. Duarte, B., Silva, G., Costa, J.L., Medeiros, J.P., Azeda, C., Sá, E., Metelo, I., Costa, M.J. & Caçador, I. (2014). Heavy metal distribution and partitioning in the vicinity of the discharge areas of Lisbon drainage basins (Tagus Estuary, Portugal) J. Sea Res., 93, pp. 101-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2014.01.003
  14. Endo, S., Takizawa, R., Okuda, K., Takada, H., Chiba, K., Kanehiro, H. & Date, T. (2005). Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in beached resin pellets: variability among individual particles and regional differences. Marine pollution bulletin. 50, no. 10. pp. 1103-1114. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.030.
  15. Fang, C., Wu, Y. H., Sun, C., Wang, H., Cheng, H., Meng, F. X., ... & Xu, X. W. (2019). Erythrobacter zhengii sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 69, no. 1. pp. 241-248. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003136.
  16. Fuller, S., & Gautam, A. (2016). A procedure for measuring microplastics using pressurized fluid extraction. Environmental science & technology. 50, no.11. pp. 5774-5780. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00816.
  17. Gibson, R., Wang, M. J., Padgett, E., & Beck, A. J. (2005). Analysis of 4-nonylphenols, phthalates, and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils and biosolids. Chemosphere. 61, no.9. pp. 1336-1344. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.072.
  18. Gupta, S. S., & Bhattacharyya, K. G. (2008). Immobilization of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) ions on kaolinite and montmorillonite surfaces from aqueous medium. Journal of environmental management. 87, no.1. pp. 46-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.048.
  19. He, K., Chen, Y., Tang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2016). Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by zeolite synthesized from fly ash. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 23, no.3. pp. 2778-2788. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5422-6.
  20. Holmes, L. A., Turner, A., & Thompson, R. C. (2012). Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment. Environmental Pollution. 160. pp.42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.052.
  21. Holmes, L. A., Turner, A., & Thompson, R. C. (2014). Interactions between trace metals and plastic production pellets under estuarine conditions. Marine Chemistry. 167. pp. 25-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2014.06.001.
  22. Hodson, M. E., Duffus-Hodson, C. A., Clark, A., Prendergast-Miller, M. T., & Thorpe, K. L. (2017). Plastic bag derived-microplastics as a vector for metal exposure in terrestrial invertebrates. Environmental Science & Technology. 51, no. 8. pp.4714-4721. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00635.
  23. Hu, X. Y., Wen, B., & Shan, X. Q. (2003). Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China. Journal of environmental monitoring. 5, no.4. pp. 649-653. DOI: 10.1039/B304669A.
  24. Jiang, X. W., Cheng, H., Huo, Y. Y., Xu, L., Wu, Y. H., Liu, W. H., ... & Zheng, B. W. (2018). Biochemical and genetic characterization of a novel metallo-β-lactamase from marine bacterium Erythrobacter litoralis HTCC 2594. Scientific reports. 8, no. 1. pp. 1-9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19279-0.
  25. Johansen, M. P., Cresswell, T., Davis, J., Howard, D. L., Howell, N. R., & Prentice, E. (2019). Biofilm-enhanced adsorption of strong and weak cations onto different microplastic sample types: Use of spectroscopy, microscopy and radiotracer methods. Water research.158. pp. 392-400. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.029.
  26. Kakaei, S., Khameneh, E. S., Rezazadeh, F., & Hosseini, M. H. (2020). Heavy metal removing by modified bentonite and study of catalytic activity. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1199. pp.126989. DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126989.
  27. Kirstein, I. V., Kirmizi, S., Wichels, A., Garin-Fernandez, A., Erler, R., Löder, M., & Gerdts, G. (2016). Dangerous hitchhikers? Evidence for potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. on microplastic particles. Marine environmental research, 120, pp. 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.004.
  28. Kubilay, Ş., Gürkan, R., Savran, A., & Şahan, T. (2007). Removal of Cu (II), Zn (II) and Co (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto natural bentonite. Adsorption. 13, no. 1. pp. 41-51. DOI: 10.1007/s10450-007-9003-y.
  29. Kwon, J. S., Yun, S. T., Lee, J. H., Kim, S. O., & Jo, H. Y. (2010). Removal of divalent heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and arsenic (III) from aqueous solutions using scoria: kinetics and equilibria of sorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 174, no. 1-3. pp.307-313. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.052.
  30. Li, K., Ma, D., Wu, J., Chai, C., & Shi, Y. (2016). Distribution of phthalate esters in agricultural soil with plastic film mulching in Shandong Peninsula, East China. Chemosphere. 164. pp. 314-321. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.068.
  31. Manafi, S., & Nasab, M. M. (2017). Hydrophobic coating production with its hydrophobic properties and pollution self-removed by concentrations of silica nanoparticles. 49. pp. 266-272.
  32. Massos, A., & Turner, A. (2017). Cadmium, lead and bromine in beached microplastics. Environmental Pollution. 227. pp.139-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.034.
  33. Mao, R., Lang, M., Yu, X., Wu, R., Yang, X., & Guo, X. (2020). Aging mechanism of microplastics with UV irradiation and its effects on the adsorption of heavy metals. Journal of hazardous materials. 393. pp. 122515. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122515
  34. Mehdinia, A., Dehbandi, R., Hamzehpour, A., & Rahnama, R. (2020). Identification of microplastics in the sediments of southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, north of Iran. Environmental Pollution. 258. pp. 113738. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113738.
  35. Mincer, T. J., Zettler, E. R., & Amaral-Zettler, L. A. (2016). Biofilms on plastic debris and their influence on marine nutrient cycling, productivity, and hazardous chemical mobility. In Hazardous Chemicals Associated with Plastics in the Marine Environment. pp. 221-233. DOI: 10.1007/698_2016_12.
  36. Motsi, T., Rowson, N. A., & Simmons, M. J. H. (2009). Adsorption of heavy metals from acid mine drainage by natural zeolite. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 92, no.1-2.pp. 42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2009.02.005.
  37. Müller, A., Becker, R., Dorgerloh, U., Simon, F. G., & Braun, U. (2018). The effect of polymer aging on the uptake of fuel aromatics and ethers by microplastics. Environmental Pollution. 240. pp.639-646. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.127.
  38. Ozdes, D., Duran, C., & Senturk, H. B. (2011). Adsorptive removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions by using Turkish illitic clay. Journal of Environmental Management. 92, no.12. pp. 3082-3090. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.022.
  39. Park, S., Chen, S., & Yoon, J. H. (2020). Erythrobacter insulae sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology. 70, no. 3. pp. 1470-1477. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003824.
  40. Peixoto, D., Pinheiro, C., Amorim, J., Oliva-Teles, L., Guilhermino, L., & Vieira, M. N. (2019). Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: A review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 219.pp. 161-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.018.
  41. Ponce-Lira, B., Otazo-Sánchez, E. M., Reguera, E., Acevedo-Sandoval, O. A., Prieto-Garcia, F., & González-Ramírez, C. A. (2017). Lead removal from aqueous solution by basaltic scoria: adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 14, no. 6. pp. 1181-1196. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-016-1234-6.
  42. Rao, R. A. K., & Kashifuddin, M. (2016). Adsorption studies of Cd (II) on Ball Clay: comparison with other natural clays. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 9. pp. S1233-S1241. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.01.010.
  43. Ravikumar, S., Ganesh, I., Yoo, I. K., & Hong, S. H. (2012). Construction of a bacterial biosensor for zinc and copper and its application to the development of multifunctional heavy metal adsorption bacteria. Process Biochemistry. 47, no.5. pp. 758-765. DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.007.
  44. Rhind, S. M., Kyle, C. E., Ruffie, H., Calmettes, E., Osprey, M., Zhang, Z. L., ... & McKenzie, C. (2013). Short-and long-term temporal changes in soil concentrations of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) following single or multiple applications of sewage sludge to pastures. Environmental pollution. 181. pp. 262-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.011.
  45. Rillig, M. C. (2012). Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil? pp. 6453-6454. DOI: 10.1021/es302011r.
  46. Rillig, Matthias C. (2018). Microplastic disguising as soil carbon storage. 6079-6080.‎ DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02338.
  47. Rochman, C. M., Manzano, C., Hentschel, B. T., Simonich, S. L. M., & Hoh, E. (2013). Polystyrene plastic: a source and sink for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Environmental science & technology. 47, no. 24. pp.13976-13984. DOI: 10.1021/es403605f.
  48. Rodrigues, M. O., Gonçalves, A. M. M., Gonçalves, F. J. M., & Abrantes, N. (2020). Improving cost-efficiency for MPs density separation by zinc chloride reuse. MethodsX. 7. pp.100785. DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100785.
  49. Scheurer, M., & Bigalke, M. (2018). Microplastics in Swiss floodplain soils. Environmental science & technology. 52, no. 6. pp.3591-3598. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06003.
  50. Seyfi, S., Azadmehr, A. R., Gharabaghi, M., & Maghsoudi, A. (2015). Usage of Iranian scoria for copper and cadmium removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Central South University. 22, no.10. pp. 3760-3769. DOI: 10.1007/s11771-015-2920-0.
  51. Sharma, S., & Chatterjee, S. (2017). Microplastic pollution, a threat to marine ecosystem and human health: a short review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24, no. 27. pp. 21530-21547. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9910-8.
  52. Škrbića, B.D., Ji, Y., Đurišić-Mladenovića, N. & Zhao, J. (2016). Occurrence of the phthalate esters in soil ‎and street dust samples from the Novi Sad city area, Serbia, and the influence on the ‎children's and adults' exposure. J. Hazard Mater., 312, pp. 272-279‎. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.045.
  53. Sundbæk, K. B., Koch, I. D. W., Villaro, C. G., Rasmussen, N. S., Holdt, S. L., & Hartmann, N. B. (2018). Sorption of fluorescent polystyrene microplastic particles to edible seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. Journal of Applied Phycology. 30, no.5. pp.2923-2927. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-018-1472-8.
  54. Tohdee, K., & Kaewsichan, L. (2018). Enhancement of adsorption efficiency of heavy metal Cu (II) and Zn (II) onto cationic surfactant modified bentonite. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 6, no. 2. pp. 2821-2828. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2018.04.030.
  55. Turner, A., & Holmes, L. A. (2015). Adsorption of trace metals by microplastic pellets in fresh water. Environmental chemistry. 12, no. 5. pp. 600-610. DOI: 10.1071/EN14143.
  56. Türkmen, M., & Budur, D. (2018). Heavy metal contaminations in edible wild mushroom species from Turkey’s Black Sea region. Food chemistry. 254. pp. 256-259. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.010.
  57. Unuabonah, E. I., Adebowale, K. O., Olu-Owolabi, B. I., Yang, L. Z., & Kong, L. (2008). Adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solutions onto sodium tetraborate-modified kaolinite clay: equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Hydrometallurgy, 93, no. 1-2. pp. 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.02.009.
  58. Vedolin, M. C., Teophilo, C. Y. S., Turra, A., & Figueira, R. C. L. (2018). Spatial variability in the concentrations of metals in beached microplastics. Marine pollution bulletin, 129, no. 2. pp. 487-493. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.019.
  59. Veli, S., & Alyüz, B. (2007). Adsorption of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions by using natural clay. Journal of hazardous materials. 149, no. 1. pp. 226-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.109.
  60. Viršek, M. K., Lovšin, M. N., Koren, Š., Kržan, A., & Peterlin, M. (2017). Microplastics as a vector for the transport of the bacterial fish pathogen species Aeromonas salmonicida. Marine pollution bulletin. 125, no. 1-2. pp.301-309. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.024.
  61. Vogler, M., Müller, A., Braun, U., & Grathwohl, P. (2019, January). Sampling and sample preparation for analysis of microplastics in soils. In Geophysical Research Abstracts. 21, no. 1. pp. 1-1.
  62. Vikelsøe, J., Thomsen, M., & Carlsen, L. (2002). Phthalates and nonylphenols in profiles of differently dressed soils. Science of the Total Environment, 296, no. 1-3. pp.105-116. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00063-3.
  63. Wan, M. W., Kan, C. C., Rogel, B. D., & Dalida, M. L. P. (2010). Adsorption of copper (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solution on chitosan-coated sand. Carbohydrate Polymers. 80, no. 3. pp.891-899. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.048.
  64. Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Wangjin, X., Wang, Y., Meng, G., & Chen, Y. (2020). The adsorption behavior of metals in aqueous solution by microplastics effected by UV radiation. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 87. pp. 272-280. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.07.006.
  65. Zhang, K., Shi, H., Peng, J., Wang, Y., Xiong, X., Wu, C., & Lam, P. K. (2018). Microplastic pollution in China's inland water systems: a review of findings, methods, characteristics, effects, and management. Science of the Total Environment. 630. pp. 1641-1653. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.300.
  66. Zhang, S., Yang, X., Gertsen, H., Peters, P., Salánki, T., & Geissen, V. (2018). A simple method for the extraction and identification of light density microplastics from soil. Science of the Total Environment. 616. pp. 1056-1065. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.213.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Sara Seyfi
1
Homayoun Katibeh
1
Monireh Heshami
2
  1. Mining Exploration in Mining & Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  2. Mineral Processing in Mining Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

Microplastics in coastal sediments of Ełckie Lake (Poland)

Weronika Rogowska Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz Mirosław Skorbiłowicz Łukasz Trybułowski
Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 2 | 109-116 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2021.136827
Keywords microplastics lake coastal sediments
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Plastics are materials with many properties that make them extremely popular in everyday life and various industries. Studies show that plastic debris is global pollution and widespread in virtually all ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the coastal sediments of Ełckie Lake in terms of the presence of microplastics. Samples of sediments (n = 37) from the coastal zone of Ełckie Lake were drawn from different areas, including urban, rural, and tourist locations, and beaches. After the coastal sediment samples taking, they were subjected to density separation, filtration, and visual evaluation using the Olympus BX63 fluorescent microscope. Particles were classified according to the category of visible characteristics of microplastics including size, shape and colour. The results of the study showed the presence of microplastics in 84% of the examined coastal sediment samples of Ełckie Lake. Fibres, flakes, granules, and foils (films) had found in 58%, 45%, 32%, and 13% of the samples that contained microplastic, respectively. The majority of the detected microplastic was 0.5–1 mm in size and black was the dominant colour. Spatial variability was perceived in microplastic concentrations, giving premises to the assumption of dependence between local human activity and the content of particles.
Go to article

Bibliography

Andrady, A.L., 2011. Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 1596–1605.

Andrady, A.L., Neal, M.A., 2009. Applications and societal benefits of plastics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, 1977–1984.

Ballent, A., Corcoran, P.L., Madden, O., Helm, P.A., Longstaffe, F.J., 2016. Sources and sinks of microplastics in Canadian Lake Ontario nearshore, tributary and beach sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 110, 383–395.

Bańkowska, A., 2007. Performance evaluation of the BIO-HYDRO structures in recultivation of the Elckie Lake. Przegląd Naukowy. Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 16, 21–28 (in Polish with English summary).

Batel, A., Linti, F., Scherer, M., Erdinger, L., Braunbeck, T., 2016. Transfer of benzo[a]pyrene from microplastics to Artemia nauplii and further to zebrafish via a trophic food web experiment: CYP1A induction and visual tracking of persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35, 1656–1666.

Claessens, M., Meester, S. De, Landuyt, L. Van, Clerck, K. De, Janssen, C.R., 2011. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 2199–2204.

Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., Galloway, T.S., 2011. Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 2588–2597.

Collignon, A., Hecq, J.-H., Galgani, F., Collard, F., Goffart, A., 2014. Annual variation in neustonic micro- and meso-plastic particles and zooplankton in the Bay of Calvi (Mediterranean-Corsica). Marine Pollution Bulletin 79, 293–298.

Corradini, F., Meza, P., Eguiluz, R., Casado, F., Huerta-Lwanga, E., Geissen, V., 2019. Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal. Science of the Total Environment 671, 411–420.

da Costa, J.P., Duarte, A.C., Rocha-Santos, T.A.P., 2017. Microplastics – Occurrence, Fate and Behaviour in the Environment. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry 75, 1–24.

Derraik, J.G.B., 2002. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 842–852.

Desforges, J.P.W., Galbraith, M., Ross, P.S., 2015. Ingestion of Microplastics by Zooplankton in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 69, 320–330.

Ding, L., Mao, R. F., Guo, X., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., Yang, C., 2019. Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Wei River, in the northwest of China. Science of the Total Environment 667, 427–434.

Duis, K., Coors, A., 2016. Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: sources (with a specific focus on personal care products), fate and effects. Environmental Sciences Europe 28, 1–25.

Dümichen, E., Barthel, A.K., Braun, U., Bannick, C.G., Brand, K., Jekel, M., Senz, R., 2015. Analysis of polyethylene microplastics in environmental samples, using a thermal decomposition method. Water Research 85, 451–457.

Dunalska, J.A., 2019. Lake restoration – theory and practice. Warszawa. Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk (in Polish with English summary).

Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R.C., Aldridge, D.C., 2015. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. Water Research 75, 63–82.

Efimova, I., Bagaeva, M., Bagaev, A., Kileso, A., Chubarenko, I.P., 2018. Secondary microplastics generation in the sea swash zone with coarse bottom sediments: Laboratory experiments. Frontiers in Marine Science 5, 313.

Faure, F., Corbaz, M., Baecher, H., De Alencastro, L.F., 2012. Pollution due to plastics and microplastics in lake Geneva and in the Mediterranean sea. Archives des Sciences 65, 157–164.

Faure, F., Demars, C., Wieser, O., Kunz, M., De Alencastro, L.F., 2015. Plastic pollution in Swiss surface waters: Nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants. Environmental Chemistry 12, 582–591.

Fischer, E.K., Paglialonga, L., Czech, E., Tamminga, M., 2016. Microplastic pollution in lakes and lake shoreline sediments – a case study on Lake Bolsena and Lake Chiusi (central Italy). Environmental Pollution 213, 648–657.

Free, C.M., Jensen, O.P., Mason, S.A., Eriksen, M., Williamson, N.J., Boldgiv, B., 2014. High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. Marine Pollution Bulletin 85, 156–163.

GESAMP, 2015. Sources, fate and effects ofmicroplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment. London: IMO/FAO/UNESCO- IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection.

Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R.C., Thiel, M., 2012. Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science and Technology 46, 3060–3075.

Horton, A.A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E., Svendsen, C., 2017. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment 586, 127–141.

Imhof, H.K., Ivleva, N.P., Schmid, J., Niessner, R., Laforsch, C., 2013. Contamination of beach sediments of a subalpine lake with microplastic particles. Current Biology 23, R867–R868.

Klein, S., Worch, E., Knepper, T.P., 2015. Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the rhine main area in Germany. Environmental Science and Technology 49, 6070–6076.

Lee, H., Shim, W.J., Kwon, J.H., 2014. Sorption capacity of plastic debris for hydrophobic organic chemicals. Science of the Total Environment 470–471, 1545–1552.

Lee, J., Hong, S., Song, Y.K., Hong, S.H., Jang, Y.C., Jang, M., Heo, N.W., Han, G.M., Lee, M.J., Kang, D., Shim, W.J., 2013. Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 77, 349–354.

Lenz, R., Enders, K., Beer, S., Sørensen, T.K., Stedmon, C.A., 2016. Analysis of Microplastic in the Stomachs of Herring and Cod from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Lyngby: DTU Aqua 1–30.

Li, J., Liu, H., Paul Chen, J., 2018. Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Research 137, 362–374.

Lin, L., Zuo, L.Z., Peng, J.P., Cai, L.Q., Fok, L., Yan, Y., Li, H.X., Xu, X.R., 2018. Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in an urban river: A case study in the Pearl River along Guangzhou City, China. Science of the Total Environment 644, 375–381.

Magnusson, K., Eliasson, K., Fråne, A., Haikonen, K., Hultén, J., Olshammar, M., Stadmark, J., Voisin, A., 2016. Swedish sources and pathways for microplastics to the marine environment A review of existing data. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute,Report C 183, 1–87.

Mathalon, A., Hill, P., 2014. Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 81, 69–79.

Moore, C.J., 2008. Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat. Environmental Research 108, 131–139.

Napper, I.E., Bakir, A., Rowland, S.J., Thompson, R.C., 2015. Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics. Marine Pollution Bulletin 99, 178–185.

Napper, I.E., Thompson, R.C., 2016. Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 112, 39–45.

Nizzetto, L., Futter, M., Langaas, S., 2016. Are Agricultural Soils Dumps for Microplastics of Urban Origin? Environmental Science and Technology 50, 10777–10779.

Novotny, T.E., Lum, K., Smith, E., Wang, V., Barnes, R., 2009. Cigarettes butts and the case for an environmental policy on hazardous cigarette waste. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6, 1691–1705.

Peters, C.A., Bratton, S.P., 2016. Urbanization is a major influence on microplastic ingestion by sunfish in the Brazos River Basin, Central Texas, USA. Environmental Pollution 210, 380–387.

Piñon-Colin, T. de J., Rodriguez-Jimenez, R., Rogel-Hernandez, E., Alvarez-Andrade, A., Wakida, F.T., 2020. Microplastics in stormwater runoff in a semiarid region, Tijuana, Mexico. Science of the Total Environment 704, 135411.

PlasticsEurope, 2019. Plastics – the Facts 2019: An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. Report, 1–42.

Rochman, C.M., Browne, M.A., Halpern, B.S., Hentschel, B.T., Hoh, E., Karapanagioti, H.K., Rios-Mendoza, L.M., Takada, H., Teh, S., Thompson, R.C., 2013. Policy: Classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature 494, 169–170.

Rodrigues, M.O., Abrantes, N., Gonçalves, F.J.M., Nogueira, H., Marques, J.C., Gonçalves, A.M.M., 2018. Spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in water and sediments of a freshwater system (Antuã River, Portugal). Science of the Total Environment 633, 1549–1559.

Sruthy, S., Ramasamy, E. V., 2017. Microplastic pollution in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India: The first report of microplastics in lake and estuarine sediments in India. Environmental Pollution 222, 315–322.

Tanaka, K., Takada, H., Yamashita, R., Mizukawa, K., Fukuwaka, M. aki, Watanuki, Y., 2013. Accumulation of plastic-derived chemicals in tissues of seabirds ingesting marine plastics. Marine Pollution Bulletin 69, 219–222.

Turner, S., Horton, A.A., Rose, N.L., Hall, C., 2019. A temporal sediment record of microplastics in an urban lake, London, UK. Journal of Paleolimnology 61, 449–462.

van Wezel, A., Caris, I., Kools, S.A.E., 2016. Release of primary microplastics from consumer products to wastewater in the Netherlands. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35, 1627–1631.

Vaughan, R., Turner, S.D., Rose, N.L., 2017. Microplastics in the sediments of a UK urban lake. Environmental Pollution 229, 10–18.

Wang, J., Peng, J., Tan, Z., Gao, Y., Zhan, Z., Chen, Q., Cai, L., 2017a. Microplastics in the surface sediments from the Beijiang River littoral zone: Composition, abundance, surface textures and interaction with heavy metals. Chemosphere 171, 248–258.

Wang, J., Tan, Z., Peng, J., Qiu, Q., Li, M., 2016. The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Environmental Research 113, 7–17.

Wang, W., Ndungu, A.W., Li, Z., Wang, J., 2017b. Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: A case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China. Science of the Total Environment 575, 1369–1374.

Xiong, X., Zhang, K., Chen, X., Shi, H., Luo, Z., Wu, C., 2018. Sources and distribution of microplastics in China’s largest inland lake – Qinghai Lake. Environmental Pollution 235, 899–906.

Yonkos, L.T., Friedel, E.A., Perez-Reyes, A.C., Ghosal, S., Arthur, C.D., 2014. Microplastics in four estuarine rivers in the chesapeake bay, U.S.A. Environmental Science and Technology 48, 14195–14202.

Yu, X., Peng, J., Wang, J., Wang, K., Bao, S., 2016. Occurrence of microplastics in the beach sand of the Chinese inner sea: The Bohai Sea. Environmental Pollution 214, 722–730.

Yuan, W., Liu, X., Wang, W., Di, M., Wang, J., 2019. Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in water, sediments, and wild fish from Poyang Lake, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 170, 180–187.

Yurtsever, M., 2019. Tiny, shiny, and colorful microplastics: Are regular glitters a significant source of microplastics? Marine Pollution Bulletin 146, 678–682.

Zbyszewski, M., Corcoran, P.L., Hockin, A., 2014. Comparison of the distribution and degradation of plastic debris along shorelines of the Great Lakes, North America. Journal of Great Lakes Research 40, 288–299.

Zhang, K., Su, J., Xiong, X., Wu, X., Wu, C., Liu, J., 2016. Microplastic pollution of lakeshore sediments from remote lakes in Tibet plateau, China. Environmental Pollution 219, 450–455.

Zhang, K., Xiong, X., Hu, H., Wu, C., Bi, Y., Wu, Y., Zhou, B., Lam, P.K.S., Liu, J., 2017. Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastic Pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environmental Science and Technology 51, 3794–3801.

Zhou, Q., Zhang, H., Fu, C., Zhou, Y., Dai, Z., Li, Y., Tu, C., Luo, Y., 2018. The distribution and morphology of microplastics in coastal soils adjacent to the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Geoderma 322, 201–208.

Zobkov, M., Esiukova, E., 2017. Microplastics in Baltic bottom sediments: Quantification procedures and first results. Marine Pollution Bulletin 114, 724–732.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Weronika Rogowska
1
Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz
1
Mirosław Skorbiłowicz
1
Łukasz Trybułowski
1
  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Technology in Environmental Engineering, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland

Does One Straw Really Matter?

Wojciech Pol Karolina Mierzyńska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 2 (78) Pollution | 46-48 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.147026
Keywords microplastics water ecology lake pollution
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Plastic is present everywhere. What happens to it and what impact does it have on the world around us?
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Pol
1
Karolina Mierzyńska
1
  1. Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok

Plastic – a sign of environmental indifference?

Barbara Urban-Malinga
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 3 (67) Indifference | 14-17 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.136763
Keywords marine biology plastics degradation microplastics sea pollution
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The average consumer uses plastic packaging practically for just about everything: shopping, storing food, collecting waste. Very few people think about what happens to waste packaging and how it affects the environment.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Urban-Malinga

The determination of microplastic contamination in freshwater environments using sampling methods – A case study

Kamil Karaban Agnieszka Poniatowska Anita Kaliszewicz Michał Winczek Krassimira Ilieva-Makulec Jerzy Romanowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 57 | 140-146 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.145344
Keywords fraction of microfibres mesoplastic microplastic contamination water pollution
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

We compared different net sampling methods for microplastic quantitative collection by sampling different water volumes with nets of different mesh sizes. Sampling covered freshwater lake and reservoir with a significant degree of eutrophication located in Central Poland. The fibres were the main type of plastic collected from sampling sites and constituted 83% of all microplastic particles. Fibres of 700–1900 μm dominated in the samples. The size of mesh affected the amount of fibres collected. Small fibres of 10–200 μm in length were collected using only a fine net of 20 μm mesh size. The total amount of fibres depended on sample volumes; concentrations of microplastics were higher for smaller water volumes. It is likely that clogging with phytoplankton and suspended particles reduced the filtration capacity of the finest nets when large volumes were sampled, which led to an underestimation of microplastic. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that the amount of small microfibres depends on mesh size and that the total microplastic abundance in freshwaters in Poland depends on the sample volume. We suggest sampling rather larger than smaller water volumes to assess the level of microplastic contamination more accurately, but clogging, which reduces the filtration capacity of finest nets, should be taken into account when eutrophic freshwater environments are studied.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Karaban
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Poniatowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anita Kaliszewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Winczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krassimira Ilieva-Makulec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Romanowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Institute of Biological Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Microplastics abundance in domestic wastewater as a pollutant source for the Daroy River, Indonesia

Mhd Fauzi Prayatni Soewondo Yeggi Darnas Marisa Handajani Teddy Tedjakusuma Muhammad Nizar Cut R. Muna Ansiha Nur
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 59 | 118-125 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.147236
Keywords abundance Daroy River domestic wastewater Gampong Garot Indonesia microplastics
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H 2O 2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100× magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles∙(100 cm) –3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001–5,000 μm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mhd Fauzi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Prayatni Soewondo
2
Yeggi Darnas
3
Marisa Handajani
2
Teddy Tedjakusuma
2
Muhammad Nizar
4
Cut R. Muna
3
Ansiha Nur
5
  1. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Doctoral Student of Environmental Engineering, 10 Ganesa St, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
  2. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group, Bandung, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Faculty of Science and Technology, Environmental Engineering Study Program, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  4. Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Study Program, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  5. Universitas Andalas, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Padang, Indonesia

Microplastics contamination in commercial fish landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Central Java, Indonesia

Nuning Vita Hidayati Fenina O.B. Rachman Muslih Rizqi R. Hidayat Maria D.N. Meinita Hendrayana Iqbal A. Husni Sapto Andriyono Dyahruri Sanjayasari
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 58 | 70-78 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.146599
Keywords digestive tract fishes Lengkong Fish Auction Point microplastics polymer
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Plastic is one of the main pollutant sources that are difficult to decompose and then carried into the ocean and fragmented into smaller parts (microplastics) due to UV radiation and water currents. Their small size means that microplastics are often ingested by aquatic organisms, such as fish. This research aimed to determine the presence, abundance, and types of microplastics in the digestive tract of four dominant fishes landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Cilacap, Central Java, i.e. threadfin ( Eleutheronema tetradactylum), mackerel ( Rastrelliger sp.), threadfin bream ( Nemipterus japonicus), and hairtail ( Trichiurus lepturus). We found microplastics in the digestive tract of four selected fishes with a frequency of occurrence of 100%. The concentration of microplastics in fish digestive tracts is relatively high, with a value range of 12 ±2.86 to 28.33 ±8.11 particles∙ind.<sup>-1</sup>. Microplastics were found in films, fibres, fragments, and granule shape types with various colours: brown, purple, blue, black, green, transparent, and yellow. The polymers found were polystyrene (PS), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The present study provides baseline data for microplastics contamination in commercial fish species landed at Lengkong Fish Auction Point, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. The fact that we discovered PU, the most harmful polymer, piques our attention.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Nuning Vita Hidayati
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Fenina O.B. Rachman
1
Muslih
1
Rizqi R. Hidayat
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Maria D.N. Meinita
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hendrayana
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Iqbal A. Husni
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Sapto Andriyono
3
ORCID: ORCID
Dyahruri Sanjayasari
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Jenderal Soedirman University, Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. dr. Suparno, 53123, Purwokerto, Indonesia
  2. Jenderal Soedirman University, Institute for Research and Community Service, Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. dr. Suparno, 53123, Purwokerto, Indonesia
  3. Airlangga University, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Department of Marine, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Removal of microplastics in unit processes used in water and wastewater treatment: a review

Michał Bodzek Alina Pohl
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | vol. 48 | No 4 | 102-128 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.143713
Keywords water and wastewater treatment microplastics removal physical treatment chemical technology biological process
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Many tons of micro- and nano-sized plastic particles enter the aquatic environment every year, due to increasing plastic production, with the consequent risk of microplastics contaminating our environment. Addressing this multifaceted threat requires innovative technologies that can efficiently remove microplastics from the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the efficiency of the removal of microplastics by different water and wastewater treatment technologies. After short overviewed the source, occurrence, and potential adverse impacts of microplastics to human health, we then identified promising technologies for microplastics removal, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. A detailed analysis of the advantages and limitations of different techniques was provided. According to literature data, the performance of microplastics removal is as follows: membrane bioreactor (>99%) > activated sludge process (~98%) > rapid sand filtration (~97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (>90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separation, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of microplastics removal. Hybrid treatment such as the MBR-UF/RO system, coagulation followed by ozonation, adsorption, dissolved air flotation, filtration, and constructed wetlands based hybrid technologies have shown very promising results in the effective removal of microplastics. Lastly, research gaps in this area are identified, and suggestions for future perspectives are provided. We concluded this review with the current challenges and future research priorities, which will guide us through the path addressing microplastics contamination.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Abbasi, S., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Turner, A., Kelly, F.J., Dominguez, A.O. & Jaafarzadeh, N. (2019). Distribution and potential health impacts of microplastics and microrubbers in air and street dusts from Asaluyeh County, Iran. Environ. Pollut., 244, pp. 153–164. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.039
  2. Ahmed, M.B., Rahman, M.S., Alom, J., (...), Zhou, J.L. & Yoon, M.-H. (2021). Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review, Science of The Total Environment, 775, 145793. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793
  3. Ahmed, M.B., Zhou, J.L., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W. & Chen, M. (2016). Progress in the preparation and application of modified biochar for improved contaminant removal from water and wastewater, Bioresour. Technol., 214, pp. 836–851. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.057
  4. Ahmed, M.B., Zhou, J.L., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Thomaidis, N.S. & Xu, J. (2017). Progress in the biological and chemical treatment technologies for emerging contaminant removal from wastewater: a critical review, J. Hazard. Mater., 323, pp. 274–298. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.045
  5. Akarsu, C. & Deniz, F., 2020. Electrocoagulation/electroflotation process for removal of organics and microplastics in laundry wastewater, CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water, 49, 2000146. DOI: 0.1002/clen.202000146
  6. Akbal, F. & Camcı, S. (2011). Copper, chromium and nickel removal from metal plating wastewater by electrocoagulation, Desalination, 269, pp. 214–222. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.11.001
  7. Alavian Petroody, S. S., Hashemi, S. H. & van Gestel, C. A. M. (2020). Factors affecting microplastic retention and emission by a wastewater treatment plant on the southern coast of Caspian Sea. Chemosphere 261, 128179. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128179
  8. Ali, S.S., Qazi, I.A., Arshad, M., Khan, Z., Voice, T.C. & Mehmood, C.T. (2016). Photocatalytic degradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films using titania nanotubes, Environ.Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag., 5, pp. 44–53. DOI:10.1016/J.ENMM.2016.01.001
  9. Anderson, Z.T., Cundy, A.B., Croudace, I.W., Warwick, P.E., Celis-Hernandez, O. & Stead, J.L. (2018). A rapid method for assessing the accumulation of microplastics in the sea surface microlayer (SML) of estuarine systems, Sci. Rep., 8, 9428. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27612-w
  10. Andrady, A.L., (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62(8), pp. 1596-1605. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
  11. Antony, A., Low, J.H., Gray, S., Childress, A.E., Le-Clech, P. & Leslie, G. (2011). Scale formation and control in high pressure membrane water treatment systems: A review, J. Membr. Sci., 383, pp. 1–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.08.054
  12. Ariza-Tarazona, M.C., Villarreal-Chiu, J.F., Barbieri, V., Siligardi, C. & Cedillo-González, E.I. (2019). New strategy for microplastic degradation: Green photocatalysis using aprotein-based porous N-TiO2 semiconductor, Ceram. Int., 45, pp. 9618–9624. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.208
  13. Arossa, S., Martin, C., Rossbach, S. & Duarte, C.M. (2019). Microplastic removal by Red Sea giant clam (Tridacna maxima), Environmental Pollution, 252, pp. 1257–1266. DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2019.05.149
  14. Atiq, N., Ahmed, S., Ali, M.I., Ahmad, B. & Robson, G. (2010). Isolation and identification of polystyrene biodegrading bacteria from soil, African Journal of Microbiological Research, 4(14), pp. 1537–1541. DOI: 10.5897/AJMR.9000457
  15. Auta, H., Emenike, C. & Fauziah, S (2017). Screening of Bacillus strains isolated from mangrove ecosystems in Peninsular Malaysia for microplastic degradation, Environ. Pollut., 231, pp.1552–1559. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpo l.2017.09.043
  16. Auta, H.S., Emenike, C.U., Jayanthi, B. & Fauziah, S.H. (2018). Growth kinetics and biodeterioration of polypropylene microplastics by Bacillus sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from mangrove sediment, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 127, pp. 15–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.036
  17. Bache, D.H. & Gregory R. (2010). Flocs and separation processes in drinking water treatment: a review, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua, 59 (1), pp. 16–30. DOI: 10.2166/aqua.2010.028
  18. Badola, N., Bahuguna, A., Sasson, Y. & Chauhan, J.S. (2022). Microplastics removal strategies: A step toward finding the solution, Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 16(1): 7, DOI: 10.1007/s11783-021-1441-3
  19. Baresel, C., Harding, M. Fång, J. (2019). Ultrafiltration/granulated active carbon-biofilter: efficient removal of a broad range of micropollutants, Applied Sciences, 9(4), 710. DOI: 10.3390/app9040710
  20. Barth, M., Wei, R., Oeser, T., Then, J., Schmidt, J., Wohlgemuth, F. & Zimmermann, W. (2015). Enzymatic hydrolysis of polyethylene films in an ultrafiltration membrane reactor, J. Memb. Sci., 494, pp. 182–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.07.030
  21. Bayo, J., López-Castellanos, J. & Olmos, S. (2020a). Membrane bioreactor and rapid sand filtration for the removal of microplastics in an urban wastewater treatment plant. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 156, 111211. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111211
  22. Bayo, J., Olmos, S. & López-Castellanos, J. (2020b). Microplastics in an urban wastewater treatment plant: The influence of physicochemical parameters and environmental factors, Chemosphere, 238, 124593. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124593
  23. Blair, R. M., Waldron, S. & Gauchotte-Lindsay, C. (2019). Average daily flow of microplastics through a tertiary wastewater treatment plant over a ten-month period. Water Research, 163, 114909. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114909
  24. Bodzek, M. (2019). Membrane separation techniques – removal of inorganic and organic admixtures and impurities from water environment – review, Archives of Environmental Protection, 45(4), pp. 4–19. DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.130237
  25. Bodzek, M., Konieczny, K. & Kwiecińska-Mydlak, A. (2021). Nano-photocatalysis in water and wastewater treatment, Desalination and Water Treatment, 243, pp. 51–74. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2021.27867
  26. Bodzek, M., Konieczny, K. & Rajca, M. (2019). Membranes in water and wastewater disinfection – review, Archives of Environmental Protection, 45(1), pp. 3–18. DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.126419
  27. Bui, X.T., Nguyen, P.T., Nguyen, V.T., Dao, T.S. & Nguyen, P.D. (2020). Microplastics pollution in wastewater: Characteristics, occurrence and removal technologies, Environmental Technology & Innovation, 19, 101013. DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101013
  28. Cai, L., Wang, J., Peng, J., Wu, Z. & Tan, X. (2018). Observation of the degradation of three types of plastic pellets exposed to UV irradiation in three different environments, Sci. Total Environ., 628, pp. 740–747. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.079
  29. Carr, S.A., Liu, J. & Tesoro, A.G. (2016). Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants, Water Research, 91, pp. 174–182. DOI: 10.1016/j. watres.2016.01.002
  30. Chandra, P. & Enespa, S.D. (2020). Microplastic degradation by bacteria in aquatic ecosystem. in: Microorganisms for sustainable environment and health. Chowdhary, P., Raj, A., Verma, D. & Akhter Y., (Eds.) Elsevier, pp. 431–467. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819001-2.00022-X
  31. Chen, G., Feng, Q. & Wang, J. (2020). Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans, Sci. Total Environ., 703, 135504. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135504
  32. Chen, R., Qi, M., Zhang, G. Yi, C. (2018). Comparative experiments on polymer degradation technique of produced water of polymer flooding oilfield, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 113, 012208. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/113/1/012208
  33. Chorghe, D., Sari, M.A. & Chellam, S. (2017). Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron coagulation: mechanisms and limitations, Water Research, 126, pp. 481–487. DOI: 10.1016/j.watre s.2017.09.057
  34. Conley, K., Clum, A., Deepe, J., Lane, H. & Beckingham, B. (2019).Wastewater treatment plants as a source of microplastics to an urban estuary: Removal efficiencies and loading per capita over one year, Water Research X, 3, 100030. DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100030
  35. Coppock, R.L., Cole, M., Lindeque, P.K., Queirós, A.M. & Galloway, T.S. (2017). A small-scale, portable method for extracting microplastics from marine sediments, Environmental Pollution, 230, pp. 829–837. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.017
  36. Corona, E., Martin, C., Marasco, R. & Duarte, C.M. (2020). Passive and active removal of marine microplastics by a mushroom coral (Danafungia scruposa), Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 128, DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00128
  37. Crawford, C. & Quinn, B. (2017). Microplastic separation techniques. In: Microplastic Contaminants. Crawford, C. & Quinn, B. (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 203–218. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809406-8.00009-8
  38. Cunha, C., Silva, .L, Paulo, J., Faria, M., Nogueira, N. & Cordeiro, N. (2020). Microalgal-based biopolymer for nano- and microplastic removal: A possible biosolution for wastewater treatment. Environmental Pollution, 263, 114385. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114385
  39. Dawson, A.L., Kawaguchi, S., King, C.K., Townsend, K.A., King, R., Huston, W.M. & Bengtson Nash, S.M. (2018). Turning microplastics into nanoplastics through digestive fragmentation by Antarctic krill, Nature Communications, 9(1), 1001. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03465-9
  40. Delacuvellerie, A., Cyriaque, V., Gobert, S., Benali, S. & Wattiez, R. (2019). The plastisphere in marine ecosystem hosts potential specific microbial degraders including Alcanivorax borkumensis as a key player for the low-density polyethylene degradation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 380, 120899. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120899
  41. Dris, R., Gasperi, J., Rocher, V., Saad, M., Renault, N. & Tassin, B. (2015). Microplastic contamination in an urban area: a case study in Greater Paris. Environ. Chem. 12(5), pp. 592-599. DOI: 10.1071/EN14167
  42. Durenkamp, M., Pawlett, M., Ritz, K., Harris, J.A., Neal, A.L. & McGrath, S.P. (2016). Nanoparticles within WWTP sludges have minimal impact on leachate quality and soil microbial community structure and function, Environ. Pollut., 211, pp. 399–405. DOI: j.envpol.2015.12.063
  43. Edo, C., González-Pleiter, M., Leganés, ., Fernández-Piñas, F. & Rosa,l R. (2020). Fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental dispersion with effluent and sludge, Environmental Pollution, 259, 113837. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113837
  44. Eerkes-Medrano, D., Thompson, R.C. & Aldridge, D.C. (2015). Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs, Water Research, 75, pp. 63–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.012
  45. Enfrin, M., Dumée, L.F. & Lee, J. (2019). Nano/microplastics in water and wastewater treatment processes – origin, impact and potential solutions, Water Research, 161, pp. 621–638. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.049
  46. Ersahin, M.E., Ozgun, H., Dereli, R.K., Ozturk, I., Roest, K. & van Lier, J.B., (2012). A reviewon dynamic membrane filtration: materials. applications and future perspectives, Bioresour. Technol., 122, pp. 196–206. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.086
  47. Eskandarloo, H., Kierulf, A. & Abbaspourrad, A. (2017). Light-harvesting synthetic nano-and micromotors: a review, Nanoscale, 9, pp. 12218–12230. DOI: 10.1039/C7NR05166B
  48. Ezugbe, E.O. & Rathilal, S. (2020). Membrane Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Review, Membranes, 10, 89. DOI:10.3390/membranes10050089
  49. Feng, H.-M., Zheng, J.-C., Lei, N.-Y., Yu, L., Kong, K.H.-K., Yu, H.-Q., Lau, T.-C. & Lam, M.H.W. (2011). Photoassisted Fenton degradation of polystyrene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, pp. 744–750. DOI: 10.1021/es102182g
  50. Foshtomi, M.Y., Oryan, S., Taheri, M., Bastami, K.D. & Zahed, M.A. (2019). Composition and abundance of microplastics in surface sediments and their interaction with sedimentary heavy metals, PAHs and TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons), Mar. Pollut. Bull., 149, 110655. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.1
  51. Freeman S, Booth A M, Sabbah I, Tiller R, Dierking J, Klun K, Rotter A, Ben-David E, Javidpour J, Angel D L (2020). Between source and sea: The role of wastewater treatment in reducing marine microplastics, Journal of Environmental Management, 266, 110642. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110642
  52. Gerritse, J., Leslie, H.A., de Tender, C.A. Devriese, L.I., & Vethaak, A.D. (2020). Fragmentation of plastic objects in a laboratory seawater microcosm, Sci. Rep., 10, 10945. DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-67927-1
  53. Giacomucci, L., Raddadi, N., Soccio, M., Lotti, N. & Fava, Fm (2019). Polyvinyl chloride biodegradation by Pseudomonas citronellolis and Bacillus flexus, New Biotechnology, 52, pp. 35–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.04.005
  54. Gies, E.A., LeNoble, J.L., Noel, M., Etemadifar, A., Bishay, F., Hall, E.R. & Ross, P.S. (2018). Retention of microplastics in a major secondary wastewater treatment plant in Vancouver, Canada. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 133, 553-561. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.006
  55. Gimiliani, G.T., Fornari, M., Redígolo, M.M., Willian Vega Bustillos, J O., Moledo de Souza Abessa, D., &Faustino Pires, M.A. (2020). Simple and cost-effective method for microplastic quantification in estuarine sediment: A case study of the Santos and São Vicente Estuarine System, Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 2, 100020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100020
  56. Gonzalez-Pleiter, M., Velazquez, D., Edo, C., Carretero, O., Gago, J., Baron-Sola, A., Hernandez, L.E., Yousef, I., Quesada, A., Leganes, F., Rosal, R. & Fernandez-Pi˜nas, F. (2020). Fibers spreading worldwide: Microplastics and other anthropogenic litter in an Arctic freshwater lake, Sci. Total Environ., 722, 137904 DOI:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2020.137904
  57. Grbic, J., Nguyen, B., Guo, E., You, J.B., Sinton, D. & Rochman, C.M. (2019). Magnetic extraction of microplastics from environmental samples, Environ. Sci. Technol. Letters, 6, pp. 68–72. DOI: 1021/acs.estlett.8b00671
  58. Guo, J.J., Huang, X.P., Xiang, L., Wang, Y.Z., Li, Y.W., Li, H., Cai, Q.Y., Mo, C.H. & Wong, M.H. (2020). Source, migration and toxicology of microplastics in soil, Environ. Int. 137, 105263. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105263
  59. Han, M., Niu, X.R., Tang, M., Zhang, B.T., Wang, G.Q., Yue, W.F., Kong, X.L. & Zhu, J.Q. (2020). Distribution of microplastics in surface water of the lower Yellow River near estuary, Sci. Total Environ., 707, 135601 DOI: 10.1016/j. scitotenv.2019.135601
  60. Han, X., Lu, X. & Vogt, R.D. (2019). An optimized density-based approach for extracting microplastics from soil and sediment samples, Environmental Pollution, 254, 113009. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113009
  61. Harrison, J.P., Sapp, M., Schratzberger, M. & Osborn, A.M. (2011). Interactions between microorganisms and marine microplastics: A call for research, Marine Technology Society Journal, 45(2), pp. 12–20. DOI: 10.4031/MTSJ.45.2.2
  62. He, P., Chen, L., Shao, L., Zhang, H. & Lü, F. (2019). Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill: a source of microplastics?-Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate, Water Res., 159, pp. 38-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.060
  63. Helcoski, R., Yonkos, L.T., Sanchez, A. & Baldwin, A.H. (2020). Wetland soil microplastics are negatively related to vegetation cover and stemdensity, Environ. Pollut., 256, 113391. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113391
  64. Hermanová, S. & Pumera M. (2022). Micromachines for Microplastics Treatment, ACS Nanosci., 2, pp. 225-232. DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00058
  65. Hernandez, E., Nowack, B. & Mitrano, D.M. (2017). Polyester textiles as a source of microplastics from households: a mechanistic study to understand microfiber release during washing, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, pp. 7036-7046. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01750
  66. Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R.C. & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46(6), pp. 3060-3075. DOI: 10.1021/es2031505
  67. Hidayaturrahman, H. & Lee, T.-G. (2019). A study on characteristics of microplastic in wastewater of South Korea: Identification, quantification, and fate of microplastics during treatment process, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 146, pp. 696–702. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.071
  68. Hirai, H., Takada, H., Ogata, Y., Yamashita, R., Mizukawa, K., Saha, M., Kwan, C., Moore, C., Gray, H. & Laursen, D. (2011). Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62(8), pp. 1683–1692. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpo lbul.2011.06.004
  69. Horton, A.A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D.J., Lahive, E. & Svendsen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities, Sci. Total Environ., 586, pp. 127–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190
  70. Howard, G.T., Norton, W.N. & Burks, T. (2012). Growth of Acinetobacter gerneri P7 on polyurethane and the purification and characterization of a polyurethanase enzyme, Biodegradation, 23(4), pp. 561–573. DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9533-6
  71. Jeon, H.J. & Kim, M.N. (2016). Isolation of mesophilic bacterium for biodegradation of polypropylene, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 115, pp. 244–249. DOI: 10.1016/J.IBIOD.2016.08.025
  72. Jeong, C.-B., Won, E.-J., Kang, H.-M., Lee, M.-C., Hwang, D.-S., Hwang, U.-K., Zhou, B., Souissi, S., Lee, S.-J. & Lee, J.-S. (2016). Microplastic size-dependent toxicity, oxidative stress induction, and p-JNK and p-p38 activation in the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus), Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (16), pp. 8849-8857. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01441
  73. Judd, S. (2016). The status of industrial and municipal euent treatment with membrane bioreactor technology, Chem. Eng. J., 305, pp. 37–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.141
  74. Kalčíková, G., Alič, B., Skalar, T., Bundschuh,M. & Gotvajn, A.Ž. (2017). Wastewater treatment plant effluents as source of cosmetic polyethylene microbeads to freshwater, Chemosphere, 188, pp. 25–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.131
  75. Katrivesis, F.K., Karela, A.D., Papadakis, V.G. & Paraskeva, C.A. (2019). Revisiting of coagulation-flocculation processes in the production of potable water, J. Water Process. Eng., 27, 193–204. DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.12.007
  76. Kazour, M., Terki, S., Rabhi, K., Jemaa, S., Khalaf, G. & Amara R. (2019). Sources of microplastics pollution in the marine environment: importance of wastewater treatment plant and coastal landfill, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 146 608-618. 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.066
  77. Kima, S., Sin, A., Nam, H., Park, Y., Lee, H. & Han, C. (2022). Advanced oxidation processes for microplastics degradation: A recent trend, Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 9, 100213. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100213
  78. Klavarioti, M., Mantzavinos, D. & Kassinos, D. (2009). Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes, Environ. Int., 35, pp. 402–417. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.009
  79. Kole, P.J., Lohr, A.J., Van Belleghem, F. & Ragas, A. (2017). Wear and tear of tyres: a stealthy source of microplastics in the environment, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14, 1265. DOI:10.3390/ijerph14101265
  80. Lares, M., Ncibi, M.C., Sillanpaa, M. & Sillanpaa, M. (2018). Occurrence, identification and removal of microplastic particles and fibers in conventional activated sludge process and advanced MBR technology, Water Research, 133, pp. 236–246. DOI: 10.1016/ j.watres.2018.01.049
  81. Lee, Y.K., Murphy, K.R. & Hur, J. (2020). Fluorescence signatures of dissolved organic matter leached from microplastics: Polymers and additives, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 11905–11914. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00942
  82. Li, L., Liu, D., Song, K. & Zhou, Y.W. (2020). Performance evaluation of MBR in treating microplastics polyvinylchloride contaminated polluted surface water, Mar. Pollut., Bull., 150, 110724. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110724
  83. Li, L., Xu, G. & Yu, H. (2018). Dynamic membrane filtration: formation, filtration, cleaning. and applications, Chem. Eng. Technol., 41, pp. 7–18. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700095
  84. Liang, W., Luo, Y., Song, S., Dong, X. & Yu, X. (2013). High photocatalytic degradation activity of polyethylene containing polyacrylamide grafted TiO2, Polym. Degrad. Stab,. 98, pp. 1754–1761. DOI: 1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.027
  85. Liu, X., Yuan,W., Di, M., Li, Z. & Wang, J. (2019a). Transfer and fate of microplastics during the conventional activated sludge process in one wastewater treatment plant of China, Chem. Eng. J., 362, pp. 176–182. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.033
  86. Liu, F.F., Liu, G.Z., Zhu, Z.L., Wang, S.C. & Zhao, F.F. (2019b). Interactions between microplastics and phthalate esters as affected bymicroplastics characteristics and solution chemistry, Chemosphere, 214, 688–694. Doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.174
  87. Liu, F., Vianello, A., Vollertsen, J., (2019c). Retention of microplastics in sediments of urban and highway stormwater retention ponds, Environ. Pollut., 255, 113335. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113335
  88. Liu, S.Y., Leung, M.M.L., Fang, J.K.H. & Chua, S.L. (2021). Engineering a microbial ‘trap and release’ mechanism for microplastics removal, Chemical Engineering Journal, 404, 127079. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127079
  89. Liu, W.L., Wu, Y., Zhang, S.J., Gao, Y.Q., Jiang, Y., Horn, H. & Li, J. (2020). Successful granulation and microbial differentiation of activated sludge in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) reactor with two-zone sedimentation tank treating municipal sewage, Water Research, 178, 115825. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115825
  90. Long, Z., Pan, Z., Wang, W., Ren, J., Yu, X., Lin, L., Lin, H., Chen, H. & Jin, X. (2019). Microplastic abundance, characteristics, and removal in wastewater treatment plants in a coastal city of China, Water Res,. 155, 255-265. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.028
  91. de Luna, M.D.G., Veciana, M.L., Su, C.C. & Lu, M.C. (2012). Acetaminophen degradation by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton using a double cathode electrochemical cell, J. Hazard. Mater.. 217, pp. 200–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.018
  92. Lv, X., Dong, Q., Zuo, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, X. & Wu, W. (2019). Microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: fate, dynamic distribution, removal efficiencies, and control strategies, J. Clean. Prod., 225, pp. 579–586. DOI: 10.1016/j. jclepro.2019.03.321
  93. Ma, B., Xue, W., Hu, C., (...), Qu, J. & Li, L., (2019b). Characteristics of microplastic removal via coagulation and ultrafiltration during drinking water treatment, Chemical Engineering Journal, 359, pp. 159-167. 10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.155
  94. Ma, B., Xue,W., Ding, Y., Hu, C., Li, H. & Qu, J. (2019c). Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment, J. Environ. Sci., 78, pp. 267–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.006
  95. Ma, J., Zhao, J.H., Zhu, Z.L., Li, L.Q. & Yu, F. (2019a). Effect of microplastic size on the adsorption behavior and mechanism of triclosan on polyvinyl chloride, Environ. Pollut., 254, 113104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113104
  96. Magni, S., Binelli, A., Pittura, L., Avio, C.G., Della Torre, C., Parenti, C.C. & Gorbi, S., Regoli, F. (2019). The fate of microplastics in an Italian Wastewater Treatment Plant, Sci. Total Environ,. 652, pp. 602–610. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.269
  97. Magnin, A., Hoornaert, L., Pollet, E., Laurichesse, S., Phalip, V. & Avérous, L. (2019). Isolation and characterization of different promising fungi for biological waste management of polyurethanes, Microbial Biotechnology, 12(3), pp. 544–555. DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13346
  98. Malankowska, M. Echaide-Gorriz, C. & Coronas, J. (2021). Microplastics in marine environment – sources, classification, and potential remediation by membrane technology – A review, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 7, pp. 243-258. DOI: 10.1039/D0EW00802H
  99. Mason, S.A., Garneau, D., Sutton, R., Chu, Y., Ehmann, K., Barnes, J., Fink P., Papazissimos, D. & Rogers D.L (2016). Microplastic pollution is widely detected in US municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent, Environ. Pollut., 218, pp. 1045–1054. DOI: 10.1016/j. envpol.2016.08.056
  100. Miao, F., Liu, Y., Gao, M., Yu, X., Xiao, P., Wang, M., Wang, S. & Wang, X. (2020). Degradation of polyvinyl chloride microplastics via an electro-Fenton-like system with a TiO2/graphite cathode, J. Hazard. Mater., 399, 123023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123023
  101. Michielssen, M.R., Michielssen, E.R., Ni, J. & Duhaime, M.B. (2016). Fate of microplastics and other small anthropogenic litter (SAL) in wastewater treatment plants depends on unit processes employed, Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2(6), pp. 1064–1073, DOI: 10.1039/C6EW00207B
  102. Mintenig, S., Int-Veen, I., Loder, M.G., Primpke, S. & Gerdts, G.,(2017). Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging, Water Res., 108, pp. 365-372. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015
  103. Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Ok, Y.S. & Pittman Jr., C.U. (2014). Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent–a critical review, Bioresour. Technol., 160, pp. 191–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.120
  104. Moraczewska-Majkut, K., Nocoń, W., Zyguła, M. & Wiśniowska, E. (2020). Quantitative analysis of microplastics in wastewater during selected treatment processes, Desal. Water Treat., 199, pp. 352-361. DOI:10.5004/dwt.2020.26019
  105. Moraczewska-Majkut, K., Nocoń, W. & Łobos-Moysa, E. (2021). The occurrence of microplastics in wastewater and the possibilities of using separation methods to reduce this contamination at the WWTP, Des. Water Treat., 243, pp. 37-43. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2021.27860
  106. Moussa, D.T., El-Naas, M.H., Nasser, M. & Al-Marri, M.J. (2017). A comprehensive review of electrocoagulation for water treatment: potentials and challenges, J. Environ. Manage., 186, pp. 24–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.032
  107. Mrowiec B. (2017). Plastic pollutants in water environment, Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 28, (74), pp. 51-55. DOI 10.1515/oszn-2017-0030
  108. Mrowiec B. (2018). Plastics in the circular economy (CE), Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, 29, (78), pp. 16-19. DOI 10.2478/oszn-2018-0017
  109. Murphy, F., Ewins, C., Carbonnier, F. & Quinn, B. (2016). Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50(11), pp. 5800–5808. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05416
  110. Murphy, J. (2001). Additives for plastics handbook. Elsevier, Amsterdam, DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-85617 -370-4.x5000 -3
  111. Nakamiya, K., Hashimoto, S., Ito, H., Edmonds, J.S., Yasuhara, A. & Morita, M. (2005). Microbial treatment of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in polyvinyl chloride with isolated bacteria. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 99(2): 115–119. DOI: 10.1263/JBB.99.115
  112. Napper, I.E. & Thompson, R.C. (2016). Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic washing machines: Effects of fabric type and washing conditions, Mar.Pollut. Bull., 112, pp. 39–45. DOI: 1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
  113. Narciso-Ortiz, L., Coreño-Alonso, A., Mendoza-Olivares, D., Lucho-Constantino, C.A. & Lizardi-Jiménez, M.A. (2020). Baseline for plastic and hydrocarbon pollution of rivers, reefs, and sediment on beaches in Veracruz State, México, and a proposal for bioremediation, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(18), pp. 23035–23047. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08831-z
  114. Ngo, P.L., Pramanik, B.K., Shah, K. & Roychand, R. (2019). Pathway, classification and removal efficiency of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, Environmental Pollution, 255(2), 113326, DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113326
  115. Nizzetto, L., Futter, M. & Langaas, S. (2016). Are agricultural soils dumps for microplastics of urban origin? Environ. Sci. Technol., 50(20), pp. 10777–10779. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04140
  116. Nocoń, W., Moraczewska-Majkut, K. & Wiśniowska E. (2018). Microplastics in surface water under strong anthropopression, Desal. Water Treat., 134, pp. 174-181. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2018.22833
  117. Odusanya, S.A., Nkwogu, J.V., Alu, N., Etuk Udo, G.A., Ajao, J.A., Osinkolu, G.A. & Uzomah, A.C. (2013). Preliminary studies on microbial degradation of plastics used in packaging potable water in Nigeria, Nigerian Food Journal, 31(2), pp. 63–72. DOI: 10.1016/S0189-7241(15)30078-3
  118. Olivatto, G.P., Martins, M.C. T., Montagner, C.C., Henry, T.B. & Carreira, R.S. (2019). Microplastic contamination in surface waters in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 139, pp. 157–162. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.042
  119. Oprea, S. & Doroftei, F. (2011). Biodegradation of polyurethane acrylate with acrylated epoxidized soybean oil blend elastomers by Chaetomium globosum, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(3), pp. 533–538. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.09.011
  120. Orr, I.G., Hadar, Y. & Sivan, A. (2004). Colonization, biofilm formation and biodegradation of polyethylene by a strain of Rhodococcus ruber, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65(1), pp. 97–104. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1584-8
  121. Osman, M., Satti, S.M., Luqman, A., Hasan, F., Shah, Z. & Shah, A.A. (2018). Degradation of polyester polyurethane by Aspergillus sp. strain S45 isolated from soil, Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(1), pp. 301–310. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-017-0954-0
  122. Östman, M., Björlenius, B., Fick, J. & Tysklind, M. (2019). Effect of full-scale ozonation and pilot-scale granular activated carbon on the removal of biocides, antimycotics and antibiotics in a sewage treatment plant, Sci. Total Environ., 649, pp. 1117–1123. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.382
  123. Ostrovsky, I., Yacobi, Y. & Koren, N. (2014). Sedimentation Processes, In: Zohary, T., Sukenik, A., Berman, T., Nishri, A. (eds) Lake Kinneret. Aquatic Ecology Series, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. DOI.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8944-8_27
  124. Ouyang, Z., Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhu, S., Qin, L., Wang, W., He, D., Zhou, Y., Luo, H. & Qin, F. (2021). Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Degradation of Plastics and Plastic-Derived Chemicals, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 9 (23), pp. 13402−13441. DOI: 10.1039/D0TA12465F
  125. Paço, A., Duarte, K., da Costa, J.P., Santos, P.S.M., Pereira, R., Pereira, M.E., Freitas, A.C., Duarte, A.C. & Rocha-Santos, T.A.P. (2017). Biodegradation of polyethylene microplastics by the marine fungus Zalerion maritimum, Science of the Total Environment, 586, pp. 10–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.017
  126. Padervand, M., Lichtfouse E., Robert, D. & Wang C. (2020). Removal of microplastics from the environment. A review, Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18(3), pp. 807-828. DOI: 10.1007/s10311-020-00983-1
  127. Perren, W., Wojtasik, A. & Cai, Q (2018). Removal of microbeads from wastewater using electrocoagulation. ACS Omega, 3(3), pp. 3357–3364. DOI: 10.1021/acsom ega.7b020 37
  128. Plastics Europe 2022, access 15.09.2022 https://www.plasticseurope.org
  129. Poerio, T., Piacentini, E. & Mazzei, R. (2019). Membrane processes for microplastic removal, Molecules, 24, 4148, DOI:10.3390/molecules24224148
  130. Pohl, A., Tytła, M., Kernert, J., Bodzek M. (2022). Plastics-derived and heavy metals contaminants in the granulometric fractions of bottom sediments of anthropogenic water reservoir – Comprehensive analysis, Desalination and Water Treatment, 258, pp. 207–222, DOI:10.5004/dwt.2022.28459
  131. Pramanik, B.K., Pramanik, S.K. & Monira S. (2021). Understanding the fragmentation of microplastics into nano-plastics and removal of nano/microplastics from wastewater using membrane, air flotation and nano-ferrofluid processes, Chemosphere, 282, 131053. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131053
  132. Prata, J.C., da Costa, J.P., Lopes, I., Duarte, A.C. & Rocha-Santos, T. (2020). Environmental exposure to microplastics: an overview on possible human health effects, Sci. Total Environ., 702, 134455. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134455
  133. Pivokonsky, M., Cermakova, L., Novotna, K., Peer, P., Cajthaml, T. & Janda, V. (2018). Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water, Sci. Total Environ., 643, pp.1644-1651. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.102
  134. Qi, K., Cheng, B., Yu, J. & Ho, W. (2017). Review on the improvement of the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of ZnO, J. Alloys Compd., 727, pp. 792–820. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.142
  135. Rezania, S., Park, J., Din, M.F.M., Taib, S.M., Talaiekhozani, A., Yadav, K.K. & Kamyab, H. (2018). Microplastics pollution in different aquatic environments and biota: A review of recent studies, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 133, pp. 191–208. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.022
  136. Riffat, R., (2013). Fundamentals of wastewater treatment and engineering, Taylor & Francis Group.
  137. Rios, L.M., Moore, C, & Jones P.R. (2007). Persistent organic pollutants carried by synthetic polymers in the ocean environment, Mar, Pollut, Bull., 54(8), pp. 1230–1237. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.03.022
  138. Rocher, V., Paffoni, C., Goncalves, A., Gu´erin, S., Azimi, S., Gasperi, J., Moilleron, R., Pauss, A., 2012. Municipal wastewater treatment by biofiltration: comparisons of various treatment layouts. Part 1: assessment of carbon and nitrogen removal, Water Sci. Technol., 65, pp. 1705–1712. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.105
  139. Rummel, C.D., Jahnke, A., Gorokhova, E., Kühnel, D. & Schmitt-Jansen, M. (2017). Impacts of biofilm formation on the fate and potential effects of microplastic in the aquatic environment, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 4, 258-267. DOI: 0.1021/acs.estlett.7b00164
  140. Saboor F.H.,, Hadian-Ghazvini, S. & Torkashvand M. (2022). Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Recent Advances in Separation Techniques, Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 66(2), pp. 167–181,. DOI: 10.3311/PPch.18930
  141. Sarmah, P. & Rout, J. (2019). Cyanobacterial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by Nostoc carneum isolated from submerged polyethylene surface in domestic sewage water, Energy, Ecology & Environment, 4(5), pp. 240–252. DOI: 10.1007/s40974-019-00133-6
  142. Shi, C., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., Ma, J., Wu, H., Sun, H. & Cheng S. (2022b). Experimental study on removal of microplastics from aqueous solution by magnetic force effect on the magnetic sepiolite, Separation and Purification Technology, 288, 120564, DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120564
  143. Shi, X., Zhang, X., Gao, W., Zhang, Y. & He, D. (2022a). Removal of microplastics from water by magnetic nano-Fe3O4, Science of The Total Environment, 802, 149838. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149838.
  144. Shirasaki, N., Matsushita, T., Matsui, Y. & Marubayashi, T. (2016). Effect of aluminum hydrolyte species on human enterovirus removal from water during the coagulation process. Chem. Eng. J., 284, pp. 786–793. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.09.045
  145. Siipola, V., Pflugmacher, S., Romar, H., Wendling, L. & Koukkari, P. (2020). Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal, Appl. Sci., 10, 788. DOI: 10.3390/app10030788
  146. Simon, M., Vianello, A. & Vollertsen, J. (2019). Removal of >10 μm microplastic particles from treated wastewater by a disc filter, Water, 11(9), 1935. DOI:10.3390/w11091935
  147. Singla, M., Díaz, J., Broto-Puig, F. & Borros, S. (2020). Sorption and release process of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PDBEs) from different composition microplastics in aqueous medium: Solubility parameter approach, Environ. Pollut., 262, 114377. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114377
  148. Skariyachan, S., Patil, A.A., Shankar, A., Manjunath, M., Bachappanavar, N. & Kiran, S. (2018). Enhanced polymer degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene by novel thermophilic consortia of Brevibacillus sp. and Aneurinibacillus sp. screened from waste management landfills and sewage treatment plants, Polymer Degradation & Stability, 149, pp. 52–68. DOI: 10.1016/J.POLYMDEGRADSTAB.2018.01.018
  149. Sommer, F., Dietze, V., Baum, A., Sauer, J., Gilge, S., Maschowski, C. & Gieré R. (2018). Tire abrasion as a major source of microplastics in the environment, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 18, pp. 2014–2028. DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2018.03.0099
  150. Sørensen, L., Rogers, E., Altin, D., Salaberria, I. & Booth, A.M. (2020). Sorption of PAHs to microplastic and their bioavailability and toxicity to marine copepods under co-exposure conditions, Environ. Pollut., 258, 113844. DOI: 10.1016/j. envpol.2019.113844
  151. Sudhakar, M., Doble, M., Murthy, P.S. & Venkatesan, R. (2008). Marine microbe-mediated biodegradation of low-and high-density polyethylenes, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 61(3), pp. 203–213. DOI: 10.1016/J.IBIOD.2007.07.011
  152. Sun, J., Dai, X.H., Wang, Q.L., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. & Ni, B.J. (2019). Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Detection, occurrence and removal, Water Research, 152, pp. 21–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.050
  153. Tagg, A., Harrison, J.P., Ju-Nam, Y., Sapp, M., Bradley, E.L., Sinclair, C.J. & Ojeda, J.J. (2017). Fenton's reagent for the rapid and efficient isolation of microplastics from wastewater, Chem. Commun., 53, pp. 372–375. DOI: 10.1039/C6CC08798A
  154. Talvitie, J., Heinonen, M., Paakkonen, J.-P., Vahtera, E., Mikola, A., Setala, O. & Vahala, R. (2015). Do wastewater treatment plants act as a potential point source of microplastics? Preliminary study in the coastal Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, Water Sci. Technol., 72(9), pp. 1495-1504. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.360
  155. Talvitie, J., Mikola, A., Koistinen, A. & Setälä, O. (2017b). Solutions to microplastic pollution: Removal of microplastics from wastewater effluent with advanced wastewater treatment technologies, Water Research, 123, pp. 401–407. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.005
  156. Talvitie, J., Mikola, A., Setala, O., Heinonen, M. & Koistinen, A. (2017a). How well is microlitter purified from wastewater? – a detailed study on the stepwise removal of microlitter in a tertiary level wastewater treatment plant, Water Research, 109, pp. 164–172. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.046
  157. Tang, W.C., Li, X., Liu, H.Y., Wu, S.H., Zhou, Q., Du, C., Teng, Q., Zhong, Y.Y. & Yang, C.P. (2020). Sequential vertical flow trickling filter and horizontal flow reactor for treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, Bioresour. Technol. 300, 122634. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122634
  158. Tang, Y., Zhang, S., Su, Y., Wu, D., Zhao, Y. & Xie, B. (2021). Removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions by magnetic carbon nanotubes, Chemical Engineering Journal, 406, 126804. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126804
  159. Tian, L., Kolvenbach, B., Corvini, N., Wang, S., Tavanaie, N., Wang, L., Ma, Y., Scheu, S., Corvini, P.F.X. & Ji, R. (2017). Mineralisation of 14C-labelled polystyrene plastics by Penicillium variabile after ozonation pre-treatment, New Biotechnology, 38(B), pp. 101-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.07.008
  160. Tofa, T.S., Kunjali, K.L., Paul, S. & Dutta, J. (2019). Visible light photocatalytic degradation of microplastic residues with zinc oxide nanorods, Environ. Chem. Lett., 17, pp. 1341–1346. DOI: 10.1007/s10311-019-00859-z
  161. Thompson, R.C., Moore, C.J., Vom Saal, F.S. & Swan S.H. (2009). Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, pp. 2153–2166. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0053
  162. Vimala, P. & Mathew, L. (2016). Biodegradation of polyethylene using Bacillus subtilis, Procedia Technology, 24, pp. 232–239. DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.031
  163. Vuori, L. & Ollikainen, M. (2022). How to remove microplastics in wastewater? A cost-effectiveness analysis, Ecological Economics 192 ,107246. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107246
  164. Wagner, M., Scherer, C., Alvarez‐Muñoz, D., Brennholt, N., Bourrain, X., Buchinger, S., Fries, E., Grosbois, C., Klasmeier, J., Marti, T. Ridriguez‐Mozaz, S., Urbatzka, R., Dick Vethaak, A., Winther‐Nielsen M. & Reifferscheid, G. (2014). Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know, Environ.Sci. Europe, 26, 12. DOI: 10.1186/s12302-014-0012-7
  165. Wang, S.M., Chen, H.Z., Zhou, X.W., Tian, Y.Q., Lin, C., Wang, W.L., Zhou, K.W., Zhang, Y.B. & Lin, H. (2020a). Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in the mid-west Pacific Ocean, Environ. Pollut., 264, 114125 DOI: 10.1016/j. envpol.2020.114125.
  166. Wang, R., Ji, M., Zhai, H. & Liu, Y. (2020b).Occurrence of phthalate esters and microplastics in urban secondary effluents, receiving water bodies and reclaimed water treatment processes, Science of The Total Environment, 737, 140219. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140219
  167. Wang, Z., Sedighi, M. & Lea-Langton, A. (2020c). Filtration of microplastic spheres by biochar: removal efficiency and immobilisation mechanisms, Water Research, 184, 116165. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116165
  168. Wang, Q., Hernández-Crespo, C., Santoni, M., Van Hulle, S., Rousseau, D.P. (2020d). Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands as tertiary treatment: Can they be an efficient barrier for microplastics pollution? Sci. Total Environ., 137785. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.1377
  169. Wang, H., Zhang, Y. & Wang, C. (2019a). Surface modification and selective flotation of waste plastics for effective recycling-a review, Sep. Purif. Technol., 226, pp. 75–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.052
  170. Wang, L., Kaeppler, A., Fischer, D. & Simmchen, J. (2019b). Photocatalytic TiO2 micromotors for removal of microplastics and suspended matter, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces., 11, pp. 32937–32944. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06128
  171. Wang, W. & Wang, J. (2018). Investigation of microplastics in aquatic environments: an overview of the methods used, from field sampling to laboratory analysis. Trends Anal. Chem., 108, pp. 195–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.026
  172. Wang, W., Ndungu, A.W., Li, Z. & Wang, J. (2017). Microplastics pollution in inland freshwaters of China: a case study in urban surface waters of Wuhan, China, Sci.Total Environ., 575:1369–1374. DOI: 10.1016/j.scito tenv.2016.09.213
  173. Wei, R. & Zimmermann, W. (2017). Biocatalysis as a green route for recycling the recalcitrant plastic polyethylene terephthalate, Microbial Biotechnology, 10(6), pp. 1302–1307. DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12714
  174. Wiśniowska, E., Moraczewska-Majkut, K. & Nocoń, W. (2020). Selected unit processes in microplastics removal from water and wastewater, Desal. Water Treat., 199, pp. 512-520. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2020.26513
  175. Xia, Y., Xiang, X.M., Dong, K.Y., Gong, Y.Y. & Li, Z.J. (2020). Surfactant stealth effect of microplastics in traditional coagulation process observed via 3-D fluorescence imaging, Science of The Total Environment, 729, 138783. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138783
  176. Xiao, K., Lianga, S., Wanga, X., Chena, C. & Huanga, X. (2019). Current state and challenges of full-scale membrane bioreactor applications: A critical review, Bioresour. Technol., 271, pp. 473–481. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.061
  177. Xu, Z., Bai, X. & Ye, Z. (2021). Removal and generation of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 291, 125982. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125982
  178. Yang, L., Li, K., Cui, S., Kang, Y., An, L. & Lei, K. (2019). Removal of microplastics in municipal sewage from China's largest water reclamation plant, Water Research, 155, pp. 175–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.046
  179. Yang,Y., Yang, J., Wu, W.M., Zhao, J., Song, Y., Gao, L., Yang, R. & Jiang, L. (2015). Biodegradation and mineralization of polystyrene by plasticeating mealworms: Part 2. Role of gut microorganisms, Environmental Science & Technology, 49(20), pp. 12087–12093. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02663
  180. Yoshida, S., Hiraga, K., Takehana, T., Taniguchi, I., Yamaji, H., Maeda, Y., Toyohara, K., Miyamoto, K., Kimura, Y. & Oda, K. (2016). A bacterium that degrades an assimilates poly (ethylene terephthalate). Science, 351, pp. 1196–1199. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6359
  181. Zettler, E.R., Mincer, T.J. & Amaral-Zettler, L.A. (2013). Life in the “plastisphere”: microbial communities on plastic marine debris, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, pp. 7137-7146. DOI: 10.1021/es401288x
  182. Zhang, K., Shi, H., Peng, J., Wang, Y., Xiong, X., Wu, C. & Lam, P.K. (2018). Microplastic pollution in China's inland water systems: a review of findings, methods, characteristics, effects, and management, Sci. Total Environ., 630, pp. 1641–1653. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.300
  183. Zhang, X., Chen, J. & Li, J. (2020a). The removal of microplastics in the wastewater treatment process and their potential impact on anaerobic digestion due to contaminants association, Chemosphere. 251, 126360. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126360
  184. Zhang, Y., Diehl, A., Lewandowski, A., Gopalakrishnan, K. & Baker, T. (2020b). Removal efficiency of micro-and nanoplastics (180 nm–125 μm) during drinking water treatment, Sci. Total Environ., 720, 137383. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137383
  185. Zhou, G., Wang, Q., Li, J., Li, Q., Xu, H., Ye, Q., Wang, Y., Shu, S. & Zhang, J. (2021). Removal of polystyrene and polyethylene microplastics using PAC and FeCl3 coagulation: Performance and mechanism, Science of the Total Environment, 752, 141837. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141837
  186. Ziajahromi, S., Drapper, D., Hornbuckle, A., Rintoul, L. & Leusch, F.D. (2020). Microplastic pollution in a stormwater floating treatment wetland: Detection of tyre particles in sediment, Sci. Total Environ., 713, 136356. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136356
  187. Ziajahromi, S., Neale, P.A., Rintoul, L. & Leusch, F.D.L. (2017). Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics, Water Research, 112, pp. 93-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.042
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bodzek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alina Pohl
1
  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more