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Abstract

In this study, the effects of oleic (18:1 cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and linoleic (18:2 (n-6), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid) acids added to the embryo culture media for bovine embryonic development after vitrification were investigated in cattle. Following maturation and fertilization, the oocytes were placed in Charles Rosencrans (CR1aa) culture drops containing 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μM of oleic or linoleic acids. On day 7 or 8 of the culture, the blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were vitrified and warmed to evaluate the viability and development. High doses of oleic acid (1000 μM) in the culture media increased the viability of embryos after vitrification. Similarly, linoleic acid at 1000 μM increased the viability compared to the other linoleic acid doses. It was observed that the addition of essential fatty acids improved the development of embryos. Increasing the concentration of linoleic and oleic acid concentrations in the media proportionally advanced the embryonic development and hatching capability after vitrification/warming. Specifically, the addition of high doses of oleic acid had dramatic effects on the embryonic development after vitrification/warming probably due to the increased lipid storage. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in the culture media affects significantly the embryonic development in vitro.

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T. Karaşahin
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Abstract

White adipose tissue plays an important role in the catabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). Two initial regulatory steps in BCAAs catabolism are catalyzed by branched chain aminotrans-ferase (BCAT) and branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH complex), respectively. It has been demonstrated that synthetic ligands for PPARγ receptors increased mRNA levels for enzymes involved in BCAAs catabolism. We hypothesized that feeding rats with diet rich in linoleic acid (LA), a natural PPARγ agonist modifies mRNA levels for enzymes catalyzing BCAAs degradation in adipose tissue. The current pilot study was aimed at the investigation of the effect of diet rich in LA on mRNA levels for BCATm, branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (E1 component of the BCKDH), and mRNA levels for the regulatory enzymes of BCKDH complex, a specific kinase (BDK) and a specific phosphatase (PPM1K) in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Wistar male rats were fed with high unsaturated fat diet containing mainly linoleic acid (study group) or with the high saturated fat diet (control group). The relative mRNA levels were quantified by reverse transcription PCR. We have found that in rats fed diet rich in LA mRNA level for BCATm decreased, while mRNA amount for BDK increased. There was no difference between mRNA levels for BCKDH E1 and PPM1K. It is con-ceivable that changes in mRNA levels for enzymes involved in BCAAs metabolism in eWAT may lead to modification of BCAAs catabolic rate. Further studies are required to fully elucidate this issue.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka
1
Justyna Bieleń
1
Monika Zajonz
1
Anna Gawędzka
1
Jagoda Drąg
1
Małgorzata Belczyk
1

  1. Department of Biochemical Analytics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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