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Abstract

The global biofuel industry is characterized by a wide range of legislative and regulatory measures for the development of bioenergy. In order to stimulate the production of biofuels, a set of measures has been developed, including legislative regulation, indicative planning of production volumes, preferential taxation and budget support. Ukraine is among the top ten largest consuming countries of energy resources. Weak and inconsistent state policy in the sphere of biofuels as well as inconsistent legislative provisions regulating activities in the field of production, circulation and use of biofuels, impede the effective development of the biofuel market in Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to determine the components of the system of state regulation of bioenergy and to identify effective mechanisms with regard to improving the legal regulation of the biofuel market in Ukraine. The management processes discussed in this article are provided by several methods, which particularly relate to the functioning of power structures and the end results or goals of the public administration system. Currently, there are significant inconsistencies in the formation and further functioning of the regulatory framework with the legislation of the European Union on the rational use of fuel and energy resources, the limitations of which increase due to inconsistencies between centralized and regional distribution. Therefore, further processes of effective economic development of Ukraine will largely depend on solving the problem of the sustainable provision of available renewable energy resources. Future development of the biofuels market in Ukraine will strongly depend on the institutional and legal conditions in the field of production, circulation and use of biofuels.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grygorii Kaletnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Pryshliak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michael Khvesyk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Julia Khvesyk
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
  2. National Academy of Sciences in Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
  3. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
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Abstract

This article analyses one of the trials aiming to bridge the incommensurability gap between special relativity and quantum mechanics in the form of postulating the quantum principle of relativity. The postulate is argued here to be rather a conventionalist stratagem than a new paradigm in theoretical physics. It is worth emphasising this claim does not assess the scientific value of the analysed work at all. Moreover, I draw attention to favouring both the mathematical instrumentalism and the ontic character of probability in the article in question.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Kopyciński
1

  1. Centrum Fizyki Teoretycznej PAN, Al. Lotników32/46, 02-668 Warszawa
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Abstract

This article presents Nick Bostrom’s considerations of the future included in his book Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Bostrom studies such issues as determining the hypothetic ways of attaining superintelligence, its nature and different aspects of this technology. He shows threats regarding such powerful systems, as well as constructing strategies of preventing undesirable activities of superintelligent beings. Bostrom’s input is an important part of present discussion concerning the development of artificial intelligence and its ethical problems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Kozera
1

  1. Wydział Filozofii i Socjologii, UMCS, Lublin, Pl. M.Curie-Skłodowskiej 4, Lublin
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Abstract

The purpose of the author was to indicate the deficiency of development management instruments currently used to the territorialization of policies in stimulating intra- and intersectoral partnership cooperation. Her reflections were based on the results of research commissioned by the Polish Ministry of Development and Investment by a team in which the author participated. These studies have revealed that the weakest impacts of the so-called territorial instruments include the ability to mobilize various stakeholder groups to take action and to create partnership cooperation. Against this background, the author has undertaken the analysis of the potential impact of territorial tools on the partnerships development and has attempted to present recommendations for practice and further research in this area.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamilla Noworól
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Abstract

Regeneration – an integrated process of activities undertaken in the spatial, social and economic dimensions – should lead to the improvement of the living conditions of inhabitants of degraded urban areas. The European Union in 2007- 2013 allocated financial resources for this purpose in the form of JESSICA initiative which is based on financial engineering mechanism. Experiences gained so far allow conclusions to be drawn that JESSICA is a highly fi nancially-effi cient instrument but, however, not always delivers the desired outcomes in the spatial and social sphere. The scope of projects often is limited to infrastructural investments and does not reflect the complexity of regeneration process. In the article the authors analyse experiences of the five Polish regions with the use of JESSICA, point out main problems and formulate recommendations for sustainable urban policy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ida Musiałkowska
Piotr Idczak
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Abstract

The paper indicates the signifi cance of the development policy territorialization for an enhancing competitiveness of cities and regions. The characteristics of such a policy allow revealing of the nature of territorial instruments. The authors, referring to their consulting practice and the research work done for the Ministry of Development, frame their recommendations. Those recommendations constitute the guidelines for amendment of territorial instruments in the context of National Regional Development Strategy actualization.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Noworól
Kamilla Noworól
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Abstract

JESSICA initiative as a financial engineering instrument was introduced to enhance and accelerate investments in disadvantaged urban areas. The novel aspect of JESSICA is that this instrument should not only support and promote sustainable urban development but also provide incentives that lower risk capital investments and consequently allow to overcome existing market failures. Thus, the paper aims to identify whether JESSICA projects have contributed to generating positive market effects, as well as to indicate the factors that were most responsible for the occurrence of these phenomena. The results show that 75% out of all projects generated positive market effects in form of new jobs, services or products. The generation of revenues by particular project was the most influential factor determining the capacity of a given project to create positive markets effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Idczak
Ida Musiałkowska
Karol Mrozik
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Abstract

The airflow in the mouth of an open and closed flue organ pipe of corresponding geometrical proportions is studied. The phase locked particle image velocimetry with subsequent analysis by the biorthogonal decomposition is employed in order to compare the flow mechanisms and related features. The most significant differences lie in the mean velocity distribution and rapidity of the jet lateral motion. Remarks on the pressure estimation from PIV data and its importance for the aeroacoustic source terms are made and a specific example is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Viktor Hruška
Pavel Dlask
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Abstract

The Sinara hardware platform is a modular, opensource measurement and control system dedicated to quantum applications that require hard real-time performance. The hardware is controlled and managed by the ARTIQ, open-source software that provides nanosecond timing resolution and submicrosecond latency. The Sampler is a general-purpose precision ADC sampling unit with programmable gain and configurable interface. It is used in numerous applications like laser frequency and intensity servo. This paper presents the Sampler module construction and obtained characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Kasprowicz
1
Thomas Harty
2
Sébastien Bourdeauducq
3
Robert Jördens
4
David Allcock
5
Daniel Slichter
6
David Nadlinger
2
Joseph W. Britton
7 8
Ana Sotirova
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  2. Oxford University, United Kingdom
  3. M-Labs, Hong Kong
  4. QUARTIQ, Germany
  5. Oregon University, United States
  6. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States
  7. University of Maryland, United States
  8. Army Research Lab, United States
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Abstract

The article aims to explore the determinants of the process of attracting financial resources for implementing renewable (alternative) energy development projects in Ukraine. The authors review and systematize the sources of funding and innovative financial instruments available for developing renewable energy sources (RES) in developing countries. Based on this, a pool of financial resources/RES development tools available for investment in Ukraine has been formed. It is proposed to build a model of the optimal structure of sources of financing renewable energy development projects. The research is founded on the forecasted schedule for increasing the share of RES in the national energy balance of Ukraine up until 2035. The limitations are connected with the lack of factual data on sources/instruments of funding in the field of RES. The model enables the prediction of the amount of funds that need to be allocated to finance renewable energy development projects, while optimizing the structure of their potential funding. The originality/value of the article lies firstly in the innovative application of the optimization model for forecasting the aggregate structure of funding sources in the energy sector; secondly, in the possibility of testing the model in practice and monitoring RES development projects in the territorial communities of the Carpathian region of Ukraine on the basis of the project-educational center for the development of innovations and investments in the region; thirdly, the proposed model can be used in the activities of state authorities and institutions of Ukraine for forming the policy of supporting alternative energy development projects.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana O. Kropelnytska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana V. Mayorova
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Finance ; Project and Educational Centre „Agents of Changes” PNU, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
  2. Department of Corporate Finance and Controlling, Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University, Ukraine
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Abstract

The paper uses specific parameter estimation methods to identify the coefficients of continuous-time models represented by linear and non-linear ordinary differential equations. The necessary approximation of such systems in discrete time in the form of utility models is achieved by the use of properly tuned ‘integrating filters’ of the FIR type. The resulting discrete-time descriptions retain the original continuous parameterization and can be identified, for example, by the classical least squares procedure. Since in the presence of correlated noise, the estimated parameter values are burdened with an unavoidable systematic error (manifested by asymptotic bias of the estimates), in order to significantly improve the identification consistency, the method of instrumental variables is used here. In our research we use an estimation algorithm based on the least absolute values (LA) criterion of the least sum of absolute values, which is optimal in identifying linear and non-linear systems in the case of sporadic measurement errors. In the paper, we propose a procedure for determining the instrumental variable for a continuous model with non-linearity (related to the Wienerian system) in order to remove the evaluation bias, and a recursive sub-optimal version of the LA estmator. This algorithm is given in a simple (LA) version and in an instrumental variable version (IV-LA), which is robust to outliers, removes evaluation bias, and is suited to the task of identifying processes with non-linear dynamics (semi-Wienerian/NLID). In conclusion, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithmic solutions has been demonstrated by numerical simulations of the mechanical system, which is an essential part of the suspension system of a wheeled vehicle.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kozłowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zdzisław Kowalczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, WETI, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdańsk
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Abstract

The major downside of blasting works is blast vibrations. Extensive research has been done on the subject and many predictors, estimating Peak Particle Velocity (PPV), were published till date. However, they are either site specific or global (unified model regardless of geology) and can give more of a guideline than exact data to use. Moreover, the model itself among other factors highly depends on positioning of vibration monitoring instruments. When fitting of experimental data with best fit curve and 95% confidence line, the equation is valid only for the scaled distance (SD) range used for fitting. Extrapolation outside of this range gives erroneous results. Therefore, using the specific prediction model, to predetermine optimal positioning of vibration monitoring instruments has been verified to be crucial. The results show that vibration monitoring instruments positioned at a predetermined distance from the source of the blast give more reliable data for further calculations than those positioned outside of a calculated range. This paper gives recommendation for vibration monitoring instruments positioning during test blast on any new site, to optimize charge weight per delay for future blasting works without increasing possibility of damaging surrounding structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Siniša Stanković
Mario Dobrilović
Vinko Škrlec
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Abstract

The study makes an attempt to model a complete vibrating guitar including its non-linear features, specifically the tension-compression of truss rod and tension of strings. The purpose of such a model is to examine the influence of design parameters on tone. Most experimental studies are flawed by uncertainties introduced by materials and assembly of an instrument. Since numerical modelling of instruments allows for deterministic control over design parameters, a detailed numerical model of folk guitar was analysed and an experimental study was performed in order to simulate the excitation and measurement of guitar vibration. The virtual guitar was set up like a real guitar in a series of geometrically non-linear analyses. Balancing of strings and truss rod tension resulted in a realistic initial state of deformation, which affected the subsequent spectral analyses carried out after dynamic simulations. Design parameters of the guitar were freely manipulated without introducing unwanted uncertainties typical for experimental studies. The study highlights the importance of acoustic medium in numerical models.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Michał Bielski
Marcin Kujawa
Izabela Lubowiecka
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Abstract

Electric guitar manufacturers have used tropical woods in guitar production for decades claiming it as beneficiary to the quality of the instruments. These claims have often been questioned by guitarists but now, with many voices raising concerns regarding the ecological sustainability of such practices, the topic becomes even more important. Efforts to find alternatives must begin with a greater understanding of how tonewood affects the timbre of an electric guitar. The presented study examined how the sound of a simplified electric guitar changes with the use of various wood species. Multiple sounds were recorded using a specially designed test setup and their analysis showed differences in both spectral envelope and the generated signal level. The differences between the acoustic characteristics of tones produced by the tonewood samples explored in the study were larger than the just noticeable differences reported for the respective characteristics in the literature. To verify these findings an informal listening test was conducted which showed that sounds produced with different tonewoods were distinguishable to the average listener.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Jasiński
1
Stanisław Oleś
1
Daniel Tokarczyk
1
Marek Pluta
1

  1. Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

This paper established a radio-frequency electrode model and human head model used in RF cosmetic instruments. The distribution of electric field strength, a specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature distribution in the human brain at 1 MHz and 6 MHz were studied and the results compared with the International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The results showed that under those two frequencies the maximum value of electric field strength in the human brain was 1.52 V/m and it was about 5.4% of the ICNIRP basic restrictions, the maximum SAR in human brain was about 2:21 ? 10??3 W/kg, which was far less than 2 W/kg of ICNIRP basic restrictions, the maximum temperature of the human brainwas 37:6? located in thewounded skin, which was the same as the normal temperature 37?. Since all the results were within the ICNIRP basic restrictions, the electromagnetic exposure generated by the RF cosmetic electrode will not pose a threat to the human health.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xinzhe Qi
1
Mai Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Key Laboratory of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, P.R. China
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Abstract

We describe Urukul, a frequency synthesizer based on direct digital synthesis (DDS), optimized for wave generate control in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics experiments. The Urukul module is a part of the Sinara family of modular, open-source hardware designed for the ARTIQ quantum operating system. The Urukul has 4-channel, sub-Hz frequency resolution, controlled phase steps and accurate output amplitude control. The module is available in two population variants. This paper presents Urukul module construction and obtained characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Kasprowicz
1
Thomas Harty
2
Sébastien Bourdeauducq
3
Robert Jördens
4
David Allcock
5
David Nadlinger
2
Joseph W. Britton
6 7
Ana Sotirova
2
Dorota Nowicka
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  2. Oxford University, UK
  3. M-Labs, Hong Kong
  4. QUARTIQ, Germany
  5. Univeristy of Oregon, US
  6. University of Maryland, US
  7. Army Research Lab, US
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Abstract

The paper presents the design of a specific type of instrumented wheelset intended for continuous measuring of lateral and vertical wheel-rail interaction forces Y and Q, in accordance with regulations EN 14363 and UIC 518. The platform is a standard heavy wheelset BA314 with an axle-load of 25 tons. The key problems of smart instrumentalization are solved by the use of the wheel’s numerical FEM model, which provides a significant cost reduction in the initial stage of development of the instrumented wheelset. The main goal is to ensure high measuring accuracy. The results of the FEM calculations in ANSYS are basis for identification of the distribution of strains on the internal and external side of the wheel disc. Consequently, the most convenient radial distances for installation of strain gauges of Wheatstone measuring bridges are determined. In the next stage, the disposition, number and ways of interconnection of strain gauges in the measuring bridges are defined. Ultimately, an algorithm for inverse determination of parameters Y and Q based on mixed signals from the measuring bridges is developed. The developed solution is validated through tests on specific examples, using a created numerical FEM model. A high accuracy of estimation of unknown parameters Y and Q is obtained with an error of less than 4.5%, while the error of estimation of their ratio Y/Q is less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed solution can be efficiently used in the instrumentalization of the considered wheelset, while the problems of its practical implementation will be the subject of further research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Milan Bižić
1
Dragan Petrović
1

  1. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering in Kraljevo, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo,Serbia
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Abstract

Dismantled during the Second World War, the Mannerist-Baroque organ from the Holy Trinity Church in Gdańsk was rebuilt and restored in the years 2008–2018. This unique, huge, extensive object is among the largest and most interesting gems of the art of music in Poland, deserving special attention not only because of its sound, but also its excellent decoration and its polemical, confessional ideological programme.
We probably owe the creation of the instrument to the community of Gdańsk Reformed Protestants – Calvinists. The initial decoration of the organ cases and galleries was largely based on the very popular stencils by the Dutch artist Hans Vredeman de Vries. After the Holy Trinity Church was finally taken over by Lutherans in the 17th century, the decoration of the organ was complemented with the theological message appropriate for this particular religious group and contained in the paintings that were incorporated into the gallery and the main case of the instrument.

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Bibliography

Źródła
Archiwum Klasztoru Franciszkanów w Gdańsku

Darecka K., Piwek A., Odbudowa organów z kościoła św. Trójcy w Gdańsku. Inwentaryzacja i wytyczne konserwatorskie, mps, Gdańsk 2006.
Deurer J., Dokumentacja rysunkowo-fotograficzna organów z kościoła św. Trójcy w Gdańsku, Gdańsk 1943.
Dorawa M., Dokumentacja historyczno-konserwatorska organów z kościoła pw. św. Trójcy w Gdańsku, mps, Toruń 1984.


PAN Biblioteka Gdańska

Cornelis Floris de Vriendt, Frans Huys, Pourtraicture ingenieuse de plusieurs facons de Masques, [Anvers: H. Liefrinck] 1555 (sygn. Al. 4047).
Hans Vredeman de Vries, Architectura oder Bauung der Antiquen auss dem Vitruvius, Antorff: G. de Jode 1581 (sygn. Ea 3373 2°).
Hans Vredeman de Vries, Architectura… De Oorden Tuscana…, Antwerpen: H. Cock 1578 (sygn. Ea 3370 4°).
Hans Vredeman de Vries, Differents Pourtraicts de la Menuiserie…, [Anvers: P. Galle] [1583] (sygn. Al. 4049).
Hans Vredeman de Vries, Scenographiae siue Perspectivae…, Anvers: H. Cock 1560 (sygn. Uph. f. 1790).


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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Jank OFMConv.
1

  1. Klasztor Franciszkanów w Gdańsku, ul. Świętej Trójcy 4, 80-822 Gdańsk
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Abstract

Twenty five years ago John Ziman formulated the thesis that academic science and industrial science merge into one system of post-academic and at the same time post-industrial science, in which the Mertonian norms of academic science expressed by the acronym CUDOS ( communism, universalism, disinterestedness, organized scepticism) give way to the norms of industrial science expressed by the acronym PLACE ( proprietary, local, authoritarian, commissioned, expert). In this article, I defend the thesis that this system has evolved into a system of academic industrial science, the norms of which can be expressed with the acronym PRICE: patron relevant, innovative, competitive, econometrical. Thus, reforming academic science is also its re-norming in terms of both ethics and the organization of research. The ethics of scientific research is transformed into the ethics of knowledge production. Scientific institutions are seen as producers of knowledge which is an “epistemic commodity.” A particular of knowledge is needed when it satisfies the needs of “consumers.” Scientists are then „elements” of the knowledge production process, and the process itself is subject to market calculations. This does not undermine the epistemic value of a given research project and its results, but it leads to controversial consequences, including fragmentation and aspectualization of knowledge, linking research directions with the interests of social powers, and ignoring transformative criticism. As a result, sometimes what was treated in the Mertonian science as a threat or an offense against the ethos of science turns out to be the rational behavior of an entrepreneur operating on the market of epistemic goods and services. Academic industrial science is also unable to fulfil non-instrumental roles in society (shaping worldviews, supporting social rationality, providing independent experts) that academic science performed. Attempts to prevent these problems or threats will be doomed to failure in advance, because countermeasures are based on a different understanding of knowledge itself.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Lekka-Kowalik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Filozofii, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin
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Abstract

Higher education system in Poland has undergone in the years 1989–2020 the process of profound changes. The logic and the philosophy of the reforms of the Polish HEI have stayed in the broad frame of New Public Management, thus being convergent with the public policies addressed to academic institutions in US and Europe (Ferlie, Musselin, Andresani 2008). The circumstances of implementing the NPM driven reforms were, however, very specific in Poland: on the one hand, the modernization of the HE institutions took place in the context of the profound, wholistic systemic transformation. On the other, Polish academia entered the new era with the resources, habits and traditions that had been shaped by the past experiences. The paper is the case study of the Polish HEI after 1989. I aim to identify the processes and mechanisms that have been put into motion by the solutions and regulations adopted by the public authorities – privatization, performance based funding and decentralization in the first place. In the frame of NPM, public authorities supersede planning by steering via setting the boundary conditions and payoffs matrix in such a way as to encourage – or make rational – to move in a certain, desired direction. I argue this kind of steering resulted in many negative externalities, including instrumentalization of the HEI missions and erosion of the academic ethos.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Giza
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział Socjologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

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