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Abstract

The paper presents theoretical and experimental analyses of a possible effect of the short-circuit forces on the transformer winding. The first part of the paper is focused on creation and activity of the radial and axial forces during a short circuit. It shows dimensions, direction and − of course − the resulting mechanical stress. The presented equation shows basic dependencies of these mechanical forces created in the transformer winding. Finally, the paper presents experimental methods of diagnosing and analysing the effects of short-circuit forces on the transformer winding.

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Authors and Affiliations

Miroslav Gutten
Richard Janura
Milan Šebök
Daniel Korenčiak
Matej Kučera
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Abstract

Welding strength is very important in safe use of polypropylene sheets. The determination of welding parameters and design of the welding tool has an impact on the weld strength. The welding parameters can be determined experimentally. In this study, Charpy impact test is used to determine suitable welding parameters in welding of polypropylene sheets with FSW method. At the same time, the weld zone microstructure is examined and Shore hardness measurements are made. The impact tests were performed on samples cut from the welded sheets. The impact tests values and hardness values were presented graphically. According to the test results, some welded parts behaved similar to the matrix material. In some welding parameters, Charpy impact test values were obtained close to values of the main materials. The suitable welding parameters were determined for polypropylene sheets welding.

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Authors and Affiliations

İ. Küçükrendeci
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Abstract

Metal-intermetallic layered (MIL) composites attract considerable attention due to their remarkable structural and ballistic performance. This study aimed to develop a Ti/Al-based multilayered MIL material by adding ceramic powders, since they can improve the composite’s impact resistance. To this end, an experiment was conducted which a stack of alternating Ti and Al sheets bonded by hot pressing; Ti/Al multilayers containing additional layers of Al2O3 and SiC powders were also produced. The samples obtained were examined using electron microscopy techniques. The clads’ mechanical properties were investigated using a Charpy hammer. In the reaction zone, only one intermetallic phase occurred: the Al3Ti phase. The model with an additional Al2O3 layer showed the highest impact energy. None of the Ti/Al clads broke during the Charpy impact test, a result proving their high ductility.
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Bibliography

[1] I.A. Bataev, A.A. Bataev, V.I. Mali, D.V. Pavliukova, Structural and mechanical properties of metallic-intermetallic laminate composites produced by explosive welding and annealing, Mater. Design 35, 225-234 (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.030
[2] F. Foadian, M. Soltanieh, M. Adeli, M. Etminanbakhsh, A Study on the Formation of Intermetallics During the Heat Treatment of Explosively Welded Al-Ti Mulitlayers, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45A, 1823 (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2144-6
[3] H. Paul, Ł. Maj, M. Prażmowski, A. Gałka, M. Miszczyk, P. Petrzak, Microstructure and mechanical properties of multilayered Al/Ti composites produced by explosive welding, Procedia Manufacturing 15, 1391-1398 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.343
[4] D.M. Fronczek, R. Chulist, Z. Szulc, J. Wojewoda-Budka, Growth kinetics of TiAl3 phase in annealed Al/Ti/Al explosively welded clads, Mater. Lett. 198, 160-163 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.025
[5] F. Kong, Y. Chen, D. Zhang, Interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Ti-6Al-4V/TiAl laminate composite sheet fabricated by hot packed rolling, Mater. Design 32, 3167-3172 (2011). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.052
[6] H. Xiao, Z. Qi, C. Yu, C. Xu, Preparation and properties for Ti/ Al clad plates generated by differential temperature rolling, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 249, 285-290 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.06.013
[7] M. Fan, Z. Luo, Z. Fu, X. Guo, J. Tao, Vacuum hot pressing and fatigue behaviors of Ti/Al laminate composites, Vacuum 154, 101- 109 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.04.047
[8] L. Qin, M. Fan, X. Guo, J. Tao, Plastic deformation behaviors of Ti-Al laminated composite fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing, Vacuum 155, 96-107 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.05.021
[9] J . Li, K.H. Wang, K. Zhang L.L. Kang, H. Liang, Mechanism of interfacial reaction between Ti and Al-ceramic, Mater. Design 105, 223-233 (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.073
[10] G .H.S.F.L. Carvalho, I. Galvão, R. Mendes, R.M. Leal, A. Loureiro, Explosive welding of aluminium to stainless steel, J. Mat. Process. Tech. 262, 340-349 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.06.042
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[12] M. Tayyebi, D. Rahmatabadi, M. Adhami, R. Hashemi, Influence of AR B technique on the microstructural, mechanical and fracture properties of the multilayered Al1050/Al5052 composite reinforced by SiC particles, J. Mater. Res. Tech. 8 (5), 4287-4301 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.07.039
[13] M.N. Yuan, Lili Li, Zh J. Wang, Study of the microstructure modulation and phase formation of Ti-Al3Ti laminated composites, Vacuum 157, 481-486 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.002
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Authors and Affiliations

W. Kowalski
1
ORCID: ORCID
H. Paul
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Petrzak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ł. Maj
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Mania
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Faryna
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science , Polish Academy of Sciences , 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Rubberized concrete is made up of scrap tyre rubbers where the fine aggregate is partially replaced by it, as the waste rubber is being a threat to the environment. It is estimated that only 4% of the waste tyre is used in the application of civil engineering and also there is shortage of fine aggregates. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the preliminary concrete properties of M25 and M30 concretes. The fine aggregate is replaced by pre-treated crumb rubber with 10, 15 and 20 % of total weight. Various tests are conducted on the rubberized concrete specimens such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and slump test. The investigation is carried out to determine the impact load behavior of hybrid rubberized composite slabs. In addition 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of replacement of rubber fibers for total weight of coarse aggregate is also made. The specimen of size 300 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm thickness is subjected to drop hammer test to find its performance against the impact loads. The number of blows for the first crack and complete failure of slab was found and the characteristics were studied.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Subashree
R. Thenmozhi
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Abstract

For an impact fracture test, the influence of Coulomb friction between the specimen and anvil on contact forces and dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) has been investigated numerically. It has been shown that friction leads to increasing of the mean tup and anvil forces and decreasing of mean DSIF. Additionally, in most cases, friction leads to increasing of the amplitude of DSIF oscillations and, in consequence, makes interpretation of the test results more complex. Simple formulae for correction of reduced by friction mean DSIF values have been proposed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ihor V. Rokach

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