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Development of Blood Glucose Monitoring System using Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques

Angel Thomas Sangeeta Palekar Jayu Kalambe

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 323-328 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139885

Keywords glucose image processing machine learning colorimetry

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Abstract

Glucose concentration measurement is essential for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of various medical conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, etc. This paper presents a novel image-processing and machine learning based approach for glucose concentration measurement. Experimentation based on Glucose oxidase - peroxidase (GOD/POD) method has been performed to create the database. Glucose in the sample reacts with the reagent wherein the concentration of glucose is detected using colorimetric principle. Colour intensity thus produced, is proportional to the glucose concentration and varies at different levels. Existing clinical chemistry analyzers use spectrophotometry to estimate the glucose level of the sample. Instead, this developed system uses simplified hardware arrangement and estimates glucose concentration by capturing the image of the sample. After further processing, its Saturation (S) and Luminance (Y) values are extracted from the captured image. Linear regression based machine learning algorithm is used for training the dataset consists of saturation and luminance values of images at different concentration levels. Integration of machine learning provides the benefit of improved accuracy and predictability in determining glucose level. The detection of glucose concentrations in the range of 10–400 mg/dl has been evaluated. The results of the developed system were verified with the currently used spectrophotometry based Trace40 clinical chemistry analyzer. The deviation of the estimated values from the actual values was found to be around 2- 3%.

Authors and Affiliations

Angel Thomas

1

Sangeeta Palekar

1

Jayu Kalambe

1

Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, India

Quantum image classification using principal component analysis

Mateusz Ostaszewski Przemysław Sadowski Piotr Gawron

Theoretical and Applied Informatics | 2015 | vol. 27 | No 1 | 1-12

Keywords some quantum algorithms quantum image processing principal component analysis

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Abstract

We present a novel quantum algorithm for the classification of images. The algorithm is constructed using principal component analysis and von Neuman quantum measurements. In order to apply the algorithm we present a new quantum representation of grayscale images.

Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Ostaszewski

Przemysław Sadowski

Piotr Gawron

Environmental mapping of Burkina Faso using TerraClimate data and satellite images by GMT and R scripts

Polina Lemenkova Olivier Debeir

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 2 | e45 | DOI: 10.24425/agg.2023.146157

Keywords environmental monitoring cartography image processing sub-saharan Africa R programming

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Abstract

In this paper, the climate and environmental datasets were processed by the scripts of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and R to evaluate changes in climate parameters, vegetation patters and land cover types in Burkina Faso. Located in the southern Sahel zone, Burkina Faso experiences one of the most extreme climatic hazards in sub-saharan Africa varying from the extreme floods in Volta River Basin, to desertification and recurrent droughts.. The data include the TerraClimate dataset and satellite images Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared (TIRS) C2 L1. The dynamics of target climate characteristics of Burkina Faso was visualised for 2013-2022 using remote sensing data. To evaluate the environmental dynamics the TerraClimate data were used for visualizing key climate parameter: extreme temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, downward surface shortwave radiation, vapour pressure deficit and anomaly. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was modelled over the study area to estimate soil water balance related to the soil moisture conditions as a prerequisites for vegetation growth. The land cover types were mapped using the k-means clustering by R. Two vegetation indices were computed to evaluate the changes in vegetation patterns over recent decade. These included the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) The scripts used for cartographic workflow are presented and discussed. This study contributes to the environmental mapping of Burkina Faso with aim to highlight the links between the climate processes and vegetation dynamics in West Africa.

Authors and Affiliations

Polina Lemenkova

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Olivier Debeir

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

Forest succession mapping for post-agricultural areas using Sentinel-2, PlanetScope imageries and LiDAR data

Marta Szostak

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | e30 | DOI: 10.24425/agg.2022.141917

Keywords image processing secondary forest succession airborne laser scanning spatial analysis

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Abstract

The research investigates the possibility of applying Sentinel-2, PlanetScope satellite imageries, and LiDAR data for automation of land cover mapping and 3D vegetation characteristics in post-agricultural areas, mainly in the aspect of detection and monitoring of the secondary forest succession. The study was performed for the tested area in the Biskupice district (South of Poland), as an example of an uncontrolled forest succession process occurring on post-agricultural lands. The areas of interest were parcels where agricultural use has been abandoned and forest succession has progressed. This paper indicates the possibility of automating the process of monitoring wooded and shrubby areas developing in post-agricultural areas with the help of modern geodata and geoinformation methods. It was verified whether the processing of Sentinel-2, PlanetScope imageries allows for reliable land cover classification as an identification forest succession area. The airborne laser scanning (ALS) data were used for deriving detailed information about the forest succession process. Using the ALS point clouds vegetation parameters i.e., height and canopy cover were determined and presented as raster maps, histograms, or profiles. In the presented study Sentinel-2, PlanetScope imageries, and ALS data processing showed a significant differentiation of the spatial structure of vegetation. These differences are visible in the surface size (2D) and the vertical vegetation structure (3D).

Authors and Affiliations

Marta Szostak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

Image analysis framework for hydraulic mixing

Aleksandra Golczak Waldemar Szaferski Szymon Woziwodzki Piotr T. Mitkowski

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 3-21 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2021.138941

Keywords hydraulic mixing image processing analysis of mixing time RGB colour model

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Abstract

This study is focused on the image analysis of motionless hydraulic mixing process, for which pressure changes were the driving force. To improve the understanding of hydraulic mixing, mixing efficiency was assessed with dye introduction, which resulted in certain challenges. In order to overcome them, the framework and methodology consisting of three main steps were proposed and applied to an experimental case study. The experiments were recorded using a camera and then processed according to the proposed framework and methodology. The main outputs from the methodology which were based only on the recorded movie were liquid heights and colour changes during the process time. In addition, considerable attention has also been given to issues related to other colour systems and the hydrodynamic description of the process.

Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Golczak

1

Waldemar Szaferski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Szymon Woziwodzki

1

Piotr T. Mitkowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Poznan University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

Measurement of retina vessels by segmentation of images reconstructed from optical coherence tomography data

Tomasz Marciniak Agnieszka Stankiewicz Adam Dąbrowski Marcin Stopa Piotr Rakowicz Elżbieta Marciniak

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2019 | vol. 26 | No 3 | 449-461 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2019.129581

Keywords optical coherence tomography image processing mathematical morphology vessel segmentation

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Abstract

In this paper methods and their examination results for automatic segmentation and parameterization of vessels based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the retina are presented. We present three strategies for morphologic image processing of a fundus image reconstructed from OCT scans. A specificity of initial image processing for fundus reconstruction is analysed. Then, the parameterization step is performed based on the vessels segmented with the proposed algorithm. The influence of various methods on the vessel segmentation and fully automatic vessel measurement is analysed. Experiments were carried out with a set of 3D OCT scans obtained from 24 eyes (12 healthy volunteers) with the use of an Avanti RTvue OCT device. The results of automatic vessel segmentation were numerically compared with those prepared manually by the medical doctor experts.

Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Marciniak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agnieszka Stankiewicz

Adam Dąbrowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Stopa

Piotr Rakowicz

Elżbieta Marciniak

An Enhanced Approach for Image Edge Detection Using Histogram Equalization (BBHE) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)

Parveen Kumar Tanvi Jindal Balwinder Raj

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 875-880 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.143897

Keywords edge detection bacterial foraging optimization BBHE images processing graphics

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Abstract

The Edge detection is a customarily task. Edge detection is the main task to perform as it gives clear information about the images. It is a tremendous device in photograph processing gadgets and computer imaginative and prescient. Previous research has been done on moving window approach and genetic algorithms. In this research paper new technique, Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) is applied which is galvanized through the social foraging conduct of Escherichia coli (E.coli). The Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has been practice by analysts for clarifying real world optimization problems arising in different areas of engineering and application domains, due to its efficiency. The Brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization (BHEE) is another technique that is used for edge enhancement. The BFO is applied on the low level characteristics on the images to find the pixels of natural images and the values of F-measures, recall(r) and precision (p) are calculated and compared with the previous technique. The enhancement technique i.e. BBHE is carried out to improve the information about the pictures.

Authors and Affiliations

Parveen Kumar

1

Tanvi Jindal

2

Balwinder Raj

3

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India
Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India

Application of imaging techniques to objectify the Finger Tapping test used in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease

Jacek Jakubowski Anna Potulska-Chromik Jolanta Chmielińska Monika Nojszewska Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 2 | e144886 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144886

Keywords image processing medical diagnosis Parkinson’s disease finger tapping test

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Abstract

Finger tapping is one of the standard tests for Parkinson's disease diagnosis performed to assess the motor function of patients' upper limbs. In clinical practice, the assessment of the patient's ability to perform the test is carried out visually and largely depends on the experience of clinicians. This article presents the results of research devoted to the objectification of this test. The methodology was based on the proposed measurement method consisting in frame processing of the video stream recorded during the test to determine the time series representing the distance between the index finger and the thumb. Analysis of the resulting signals was carried out in order to determine the characteristic features that were then used in the process of distinguishing patients with Parkinson's disease from healthy cases using methods of machine learning. The research was conducted with the participation of 21 patients with Parkinson's disease and 21 healthy subjects. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method at the level of approx. 80 %. However, the patients were in the so-called ON phase when symptoms are reduced due to medication, which was a much greater challenge compared to analyzing signals with clearly visible symptoms as reported in related works.

Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Jakubowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Potulska-Chromik

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jolanta Chmielińska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Monika Nojszewska

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Enhanced of Tool Management Based on Machine Vision in the Field of Metal Forming Technology

S. Świłło R. Cacko

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1419-1425 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141069

Keywords die aluminium extrusion tool management machine vision digital image processing

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Abstract

In this article, the authors focused on the widely used aluminium extrusion technology, where the die quality and durability are the essential factors. In this study, detailed solutions in the three-key area have been presented. First is applying marking technology, where a laser technique was proposed as a consistent light source of high power in a selected, narrow spectral range. In the second, an automated and reliable identification method of alphanumeric characters was investigated using an advanced machine vision system and digital image processing adopted to the industrial conditions. Third, a proposed concept of online tool management was introduced as an efficient process for properly planning the production process, cost estimation and risk assessment. In this research, the authors pay attention to the designed vision system’s speed, reliability, and mobility. This leads to the practical, industrial application of the proposed solutions, where the influence of external factors is not negligible.

Authors and Affiliations

S. Świłło

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

R. Cacko

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Metal Forming and Foundry, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 85 Narbutta Str., 02-525, Warszawa, Poland

Review of design and signal processing of polarimetric imaging cameras

Grzegorz Bieszczad Sławomir Gogler Jacek Świderski

Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 1 | 5-12 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.135824

Keywords thermovision imaging polarimetry optical system optical architectures image processing

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Abstract

Thermal-imaging systems respond to infrared radiation that is naturally emitted by objects. Various multispectral and hyperspectral devices are available for measuring radiation in discrete sub-bands and thus enable a detection of differences in a spectral emissivity or transmission. For example, such devices can be used to detect hazardous gases. However, their operation principle is based on the fact that radiation is considered a scalar property. Consequently, all the radiation vector properties, such as polarization, are neglected. Analysing radiation in terms of the polarization state and the spatial distribution of thereof across a scene can provide additional information regarding the imaged objects. Various methods can be used to extract polarimetric information from an observed scene. We briefly review architectures of polarimetric imagers used in different wavebands. First, the state-of-the-art polarimeters are presented, and, then, a classification of polarimetric-measurement devices is described in detail. Additionally, the data processing in Stokes polarimeters is given. Emphasis is laid on the methods for obtaining the Stokes parameters. Some predictions in terms of LWIR polarimeters are presented in the conclusion.

Bibliography

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Kudenov, M. W., Pezzaniti, J. L. & Gerhart, G. R. Microbolo-meter-infrared imaging Stokes polarimeter. Opt. Eng. 48, 063201 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3156844
Harchanko, J. S., Pezzaniti, L., Chenault, D. & Eades, G. Comparing a MWIR and LWIR polarimetric imager for surface swimmer detection. Proc. SPIE 6945, 69450X (2008). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778061
Kudenov, M. W., Dereniak, E. L., Pezzaniti, L. & Gerhart, G. R. 2-Cam LWIR imaging Stokes polarimeter. Proc. SPIE 6972, 69720K (2008). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.784796
Rodenhuis, M., Canovas, H., Jeffers, S. V. & Keller, C. U. The Extreme Polarimeter (ExPo): design of a sensitive imaging polarimeter. Proc. SPIE 7014, 70146T (2008). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788439
van Holstein, R. et al. Combining angular differential imaging and accurate polarimetry with SPHERE/IRDIS to characterize young giant exoplanets. Proc. SPIE 10400, 1040015 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272554
Rotbøll, J., Søbjærg, S. & Skou, N. A novel L-Band polarimetric radiometer featuring subharmonic sampling. Radio Sci. 38, 1–7 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RS002666
Yueh, S. H. Modeling of wind direction signals in polarimetric sea surface brightness temperatures. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 35, 1400–1418 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1109/36.649793
Laymon, C. et al. MAPIR: An airborne polarimetric imaging radiometer in support of hydrologic satellite observations. in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 26–30 (2010).
Coulson, K. L., Gray, E. L. & Bouricius, G. M. A study of the reflection and polarization characteristics of selected natural and artificial surfaces. Tech. Informat. Series Rep. R64SD74. (General Electric Co., Missile and Space Div., Space Sciences Lab., 1964)
Lafrance, B. & Herman, M. Correction of the Stratospheric Aerosol Radiative Influence in the POLDER Measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 36, 1599–1608 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/36.718863
Hooper, B. A., Baxter, B., Piotrowski, C., Williams, J. Z. & Dugan, J. An airborne imaging multispectral polarimeter (AROSS-MSP). in Oceans 2009, 1-10 (2009). https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422152
Giakos, G. C. et al. Near infrared light interaction with lung cancer cells. in 2011 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference 1–6 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2011.5944333
Sobczak, M., Kurzynowski, P., Woźniak, W., Owczarek, M. & Drobczyński, S. Polarimeter for measuring the properties of birefringent media in reflective mode. Opt. Express 28, 249–257 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.380998
Sadjadi, F. Electro-Optical Systems for Image Recognition. LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242) vol. 2 550–551 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968933
Bieszczad, G., Gogler, S. & Krupiński, M. Polarization state imaging in long-wave infrared for object detection. Proc. SPIE 8897, 88970R (2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2028858
Gurton, K. P. & Felton, M. Remote detection of buried land-mines and IEDs using LWIR polarimetric imaging. Opt. Express 20, 22344–22359 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.022344
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Bieszczad

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sławomir Gogler

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jacek Świderski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

Performance evaluation of different selected UAV image processing software on building volume estimation

Oluibukun Gbenga Ajayi Bolaji Saheed Ogundele Gideon Abidemi Aleji

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 1 | article no. e39 | DOI: 10.24425/agg.2023.144591

Keywords Building Information Modelling unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) UAV mapping 3D modelling image processing software

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Abstract

The aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of four UAV image processing software for the automatic estimation of volumes based on estimated volume accuracy, spatial accuracy, and execution time, with and without Ground Control Points (GCPs). A total of 52 images of a building were captured using a DJI Mavic Air UAV at 60m altitude and 80% forward and side overlap. The dataset was processed with and without GCPs using Pix4DMapper, Agisoft Metashape Pro, Reality Capture, and 3DF Zephyr. The UAV-based estimated volume generated from the software was compared with the true volume of the building generated from its as-built 3D building information modeled in Revit 2018 environment. The resulting percentage difference was computed. The average volumes estimated from the four software with the use of GCPs were 4757.448 m3 (3.87%), 4728.1 m3 (2.54%), 4291.561 m3 (11.5%), and 4154.938 m3 (14.35%), respectively. Similarly, when GCPs were not used for the image processing, average volumes of 4631.385 m3 (4.52%), 4773.025 m3 (1.6%), 4617.899 m3 (4.89%), and 4420.403 m3 (8.92%) were obtained in the same order. In addition to the volume estimation analysis, other parameters, including execution time, positional RMSE, and spatial resolution, were evaluated. Based on these parameters, Agisoft Metashape Pro proved to be more accurate, time-efficient, and reliable for volumetric estimations from UAV images compared to the other investigated software. The findings of this study can guide decision-making in selecting the appropriate software for UAV-based volume estimation in different applications.

Authors and Affiliations

Oluibukun Gbenga Ajayi

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bolaji Saheed Ogundele

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gideon Abidemi Aleji

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Robotic Mobile Holder (For CAR Dashboards)

Srilatha Madhunala Bhavya Kanneti Priya Anathula

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 89-98 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.144336

Keywords LabVIEW image processing Servo Motor NImyRIO face detection phone holder

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Abstract

In the current smart tech world, there is an immense need of automating tasks and processes to avoid human intervention, save time and energy. Nowadays, mobile phones have become one of the essential things for human beings either to call someone, connect to the internet, while driving people need mobile phones to receive or make a call, use google maps to know the routes and many more. Normally in cars, mobile holders are placed on the dashboard to hold the mobile and the orientation of the phone needs to be changed according to the driver's convenience manually, but the driver may distract from driving while trying to access mobile phone which may lead to accidents. To solve this problem, an auto adjustable mobile holder is designed in such a way that it rotates according to the movement of the driver and also it can even alert the driver when he feels drowsiness. Image Processing is used to detect the movement of the driver which is then processed using LabVIEW software and NI myRIO hardware. NI Vision development module is used to perform face recognition and servo motors are used to rotate the holder in the required position. Simulation results show that the proposed system has achieved maximum accuracy in detecting faces, drowsiness and finding the position coordinates.

Authors and Affiliations

Srilatha Madhunala

1

Bhavya Kanneti

1

Priya Anathula

1

Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Engineering, India

Single-camera system for measuring paper deformations based on image analysis

Paweł Pełczyński Włodzimierz Szewczyk Maria Bieńkowska

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2021 | vol. 28 | No 3 | 509-522 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2021.137130

Keywords digital image processing characteristic point tracking paper physical properties deformation analysis Poisson’s ratio

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Abstract

The article presents a new technique for measuring paper deformation in unidirectional tensile tests, based on recording and analysis of a series of specimen images. The proposed technique differs from the DIC-based deformation measurement in that the cross-correlation of image data has been replaced with linear filtering. For this purpose, a regular grid of markers is printed on the sample. Filtering the image creates local maxima in the places where markers occur. The developed algorithm finds their location with sub-pixel accuracy. Printing a grid of markers on tested paper and use of reference objects visible in the same image as the paper sample, freed from the need to mechanically connect the camera and the universal testing machine and from the necessity to electronically synchronize their work. The obtained deformation distributions and Poisson’s ratios are in accordance with the literature data which confirms the correctness of the developed measurement technique.

Bibliography

[1] Polish Committee for Standardization. (2010). Paper and cardboard – Determination of tensile properties – Part 2: Test at constant tensile speed (20 mm / min) (ISO Standard No. PN-EN ISO 1924-2). (in Polish)
[2] Laermann, K. H. (Eds.). (2000). Optical Methods in Experimental Solid Mechanics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2586-1
[3] Zhu, C., Wang, H., Kaufmann, K., & Vecchio, K. S. (2020). A computer vision approach to study surface deformation of materials. Measurement Science and Technology, 31(5), 055602. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab65d9
[4] Sutton, M. A. (2008). Digital Image Correlation for Shape and Deformation Measurements. In: Sharpe, W. (Eds.). Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics. Springer Handbooks (pp. 565-600). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30877-7_20
[5] Sutton, M. A., Orteu, J. J., & Schreier, H. (2009). Image correlation for shape, motion and deformation measurements: basic concepts, theory and applications. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78747-3
[6] Khoo, S. W., Karuppanan, S., & Tan, C. S. (2016). A review of surface deformation and strain measurement using two-dimensional digital image correlation. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 23(3), pp. 461–480. https://doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0028
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[8] White, D. J., Take, W. A., & Bolton, M. D. (2003). Soil deformation measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry. Geotechnique, 53(7), 619–631. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.7.619
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Pełczyński

1

Włodzimierz Szewczyk

1

Maria Bieńkowska

1

Centre of Papermaking and Printing, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Wolczanska 223, Poland

An Approach to License Plate Recognition in Real Time Using Multi-stage Computational Intelligence Classifier

Michał Kekez

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 275-280 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.144361

Keywords car license plates LPR ANPR OCR image processing neural network Random Forest

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Abstract

Automatic car license plate recognition (LPR) is widely used nowadays. It involves plate localization in the image, character segmentation and optical character recognition. In this paper, a set of descriptors of image segments (characters) was proposed as well as a technique of multi-stage classification of letters and digits using cascade of neural network and several parallel Random Forest or classification tree or rule list classifiers. The proposed solution was applied to automated recognition of number plates which are composed of capital Latin letters and Arabic numerals. The paper presents an analysis of the accuracy of the obtained classifiers. The time needed to build the classifier and the time needed to classify characters using it are also presented.

Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kekez

1

Kielce University of Technology, Poland

Effective lattice structures for separable two-dimensional orthogonal wavelet transforms

Dariusz Puchala

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 3 | e141005 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.141005

Keywords two-dimensional orthogonal discrete wavelet transform lattice structures image processing VLSI circuits

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Abstract

Discrete two-dimensional orthogonal wavelet transforms find applications in many areas of analysis and processing of digital images. In a typical scenario the separability of two-dimensional wavelet transforms is assumed and all calculations follow the row-column approach using one-dimensional transforms. For the calculation of one-dimensional transforms the lattice structures, which can be characterized by high computational efficiency and non-redundant parametrization, are often used. In this paper we show that the row-column approach can be excessive in the number of multiplications and rotations. Moreover, we propose the novel approach based on natively two-dimensional base operators which allows for significant reduction in the number of elementary operations, i.e., more than twofold reduction in the number of multiplications and fourfold reduction of rotations. The additional computational costs that arise instead include an increase in the number of additions, and introduction of bit-shift operations. It should be noted, that such operations are significantly less demanding in hardware realizations than multiplications and rotations. The performed experimental analysis proves the practical effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Puchala

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Information Technology, Technical University of Lodz, Poland

Multi-line signal change detection for image segmentation with application in the ceramic tile industry

Filip Sušac Tomislav Matić Ivan Aleksi Tomislav Keser

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 3 | e137121 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137121

Keywords segmentation edge detection biscuit tile image processing visual inspection ceramic industry

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Abstract

In the ceramic industry, quality control is performed using visual inspection in three different product stages: green, biscuit, and the final ceramic tile. To develop a real-time computer visual inspection system, the necessary step is successful tile segmentation from its background. In this paper, a new statistical multi-line signal change detection (MLSCD) segmentation method based on signal change detection (SCD) method is presented. Through experimental results on seven different ceramic tile image sets, MLSCD performance is analyzed and compared with the SCD method. Finally, recommended parameters are proposed for optimal performance of the MLSCD method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Filip Sušac

1

Tomislav Matić

1

Ivan Aleksi

1

Tomislav Keser

1

J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

U-Net based frames partitioning and volumetric analysis for kidney detection in tomographic images

Tomasz Les

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 3 | e137051 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137051

Keywords kidney detection medical image processing U-Net frames partitioning volumetric analysis

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Abstract

This work presents an automatic system for generating kidney boundaries in computed tomography (CT) images. This paper presents the main points of medical image processing, which are the parts of the developed system. The U-Net network was used for image segmentation, which is now widely used as a standard solution for many medical image processing tasks. An innovative solution for framing the input data has been implemented to improve the quality of the learning data as well as to reduce the size of the data. Precision-recall analysis was performed to calculate the optimal image threshold value. To eliminate false-positive errors, which are a common issue in segmentation based on neural networks, the volumetric analysis of coherent areas was applied. The developed system facilitates a fully automatic generation of kidney boundaries as well as the generation of a three-dimensional kidney model. The system can be helpful for people who deal with the analysis of medical images, medical specialists in medical centers, especially for those who perform the descriptions of CT examination. The system works fully automatically and can help to increase the accuracy of the performed medical diagnosis and reduce the time of preparing medical descriptions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Les

1

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland

Image Processing Techniques for Crack Detection in MPI of Springs

Marcin M. Marciniak

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 58-65 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149252

Keywords Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle inspection Coil spring image processing Crack detection

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Abstract

This study investigates image processing techniques for detecting surface cracks in spring steel components, with a focus on applications like Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) in industries such as railways and automotive. The research details a comprehensive methodology that covers data collection, software tools, and image processing methods. Various techniques, including Canny edge detection, Hough Transform, Gabor Filters, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are evaluated for their effectiveness in crack detection. The study identifies the most successful methods, providing valuable insights into their performance. The paper also introduces a novel batch processing approach for efficient and automated crack detection across multiple images. The trade-offs between detection accuracy and processing speed are analyzed for the Morphological Top-hat filter and Canny edge filter methods. The Top-hat method, with thresholding after filtering, excelled in crack detection, with no false positives in tested images. The Canny edge filter, while efficient with adjusted parameters, needs further optimization for reducing false positives. In conclusion, the Top-hat method offers an efficient approach for crack detection during MPI. This research offers a foundation for developing advanced automated crack detection system, not only to spring sector but also extends to various industrial processes such as casting and forging tools and products, thereby widening the scope of applicability.

Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin M. Marciniak

1

Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland

Experimental investigation into material characteristics of pea gravel

Jinliang Zhang Qiuxiang Huang Chao Hu Zhiqiang Wang

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 415-435 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138063

Keywords pea gravel morphological properties uncompacted void content compressive strength digital image processing shield TBM

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Abstract

Pea gravel is a kind of a coarse aggregate with a specific particle size used to fill the annular gap between the lining segments and the surrounding ground when tunnel construction with shield machines is performed in hard rock. The main purpose of the present study is to propose quantitative morphological indices of the pea gravel and to establish their relations with the void content of the aggregate and the compressive strength of the mixture of pea gravel and slurry (MPS). Results indicate that the pea gravel of the crushed rock generally have a larger void content than that of the river pebble, and the grain size has the highest influence on the void ratio. Elongation, roughness and angularity have moderate influences on the void ratio. The content of the oversize or undersize particles in the sample affects the void ratio of the granular assembly in a contrary way. The compressive strength of the MPS made with the river pebble is obviously smaller than that of the MPS made with the crushed rock. In the crushed rock samples, the compressive strength increases with the increase of the oversize particle content. The relations between the morphological properties and the void content, and the morphological properties and the compressive strength of the MPS are expressed as regression functions. The outcomes of this study would assist with quality assessments in TBM engineering for the selection of the pea gravel material and the prediction of the compressive strength of the MPS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jinliang Zhang

1

Qiuxiang Huang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Chao Hu

2

Zhiqiang Wang

1

Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou, Henan, China
State Key Lab of Geohazard Prevention and Environment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Infrared image filtering applied to the restoration of the convective heat transfer coefficient distribution in coiled tubes

F. Bozzoli L. Cattani G. Pagliarini S. Rainieri

Opto-Electronics Review | 2015 | vol. 23 | No 1 | 107-115

Keywords infrared thermography infrared image processing filtering technique inverse heat conduction problem coiled tubes

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Abstract

This paper presents and assesses an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) solution procedure which was developed to determine the local convective heat transfer coefficient along the circumferential coordinate at the inner wall of a coiled pipe by applying the filtering technique approach to infrared temperature maps acquired on the outer tube’s wall. The data−processing procedure filters out the unwanted noise from the raw temperature data to enable the direct calculation of its Laplacian which is embedded in the formulation of the inverse heat conduction problem. The presented technique is experimentally verified using data that were acquired in the laminar flow regime that is frequently found in coiled−tube heat−exchanger applications. The estimated convective heat transfer coefficient distributions are substantially consistent with the available numerical results in the scientific literature.

Authors and Affiliations

F. Bozzoli

L. Cattani

G. Pagliarini

S. Rainieri

1

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