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THE HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION STABILITY OF STS434L/SILICON OXIDE COMPACTS

D.K. Park I.S. Ahn J.W. Park B.H. Ko W.Y. Jung
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118942
Keywords High-temperature oxidation stability metallic oxide densification
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Authors and Affiliations

D.K. Park
I.S. Ahn
J.W. Park
B.H. Ko
W.Y. Jung

Microstructure and High Temperature Oxidation Properties of FE-CR-NI HK30 Alloy Manufactured by Metal Injection Molding

Dong-Yeol Wi Young-Kyun Kim Tae-Sik Yoon Kee-Ahn Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 525-530 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.127571
Keywords Metal injection molding HK30 Microstructure High temperature oxidation
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Abstract

This study investigated the microstructure and high temperature oxidation properties of Fe-25Cr-20Ni-1.5Nb, HK30 alloy manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) process. The powder used in MIM had a bi-modal size distribution of 0.11 and 9.19 μm and had a spherical shape. The initial powder consisted of γ-Fe and Cr23C6 phases. Microstructural observation of the manufactured (MIMed) HK30 alloy confirmed Cr23C6 along the grain boundary of the γ-Fe matrix, and NbC was distributed evenly on the grain boundary and in the grain. After a 24-hour high temperature oxidation test at air atmospheres of 1000, 1100 and 1200°C, the oxidation weight measured 0.72, 1.11 and 2.29 mg/cm,2 respectively. Cross-sectional observation of the oxidation specimen identified a dense Cr2O3 oxide layer at 1000°C condition, and the thickness of the oxide layer increased as the oxidation temperature increased. At 1100°C and 1200°C oxidation temperatures, Fe-rich oxide was also formed on the dense Cr2O3 oxide layer. Based on the above findings, this study identified the high-temperature oxidation mechanism of HK30 alloy manufactured by MIM.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dong-Yeol Wi
Young-Kyun Kim
Tae-Sik Yoon
Kee-Ahn Lee

Influence of High-Temperature Oxidizing Conditions on AlCoCrCuNi High Entropy Alloys with and without Silicon Addition

R. Gawel Ł. Rogal K. Przybylski Kenji Matsuda
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 471-478 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137779
Keywords high entropy alloys high temperature oxidation phase analysis alloying element
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Abstract

Initial investigations on oxidation behaviour and phase transformations of equimolar AlCoCrCuNi high entropy alloy with and without 1 at.% silicon addition during 24-hr exposure to air atmosphere at 1273 K was carried out in this work. After determining the oxidation kinetics of the samples by means of thermogravimetric analysis, the morphology, chemical and phase compositions of the oxidized alloys were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Additional cross-section studies were performed using transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction. From all these investigations, it can be concluded that minor silicon addition improves the oxidation kinetics and hinders the formation of an additional FCC structure near the surface of the material.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Gawel
1
Ł. Rogal
2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Przybylski
1
Kenji Matsuda
3
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Physical Chemistry and Modelling, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30 -059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials, 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  3. University of Toyama, Faculty of Sustainable Design, Department of Materials Design and Engineering, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan

High temperature resistance of silicide-coated niobium

Radosław Szklarek Tomasz Tański Bogusław Mendala Marcin Staszuk Łukasz Krzemiński Paweł Nuckowski Kamil Sobczak
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e137416 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137416
Keywords niobium silicide thermal barrier coating CVD high temperature oxidation resistance
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Abstract

In this paper, thermal oxidation resistance of silicide-coated niobium substrates was tested in a temperature range of 1300–1450°C using an HVOF burner. Pure niobium specimens were coated using the pack cementation CVD method. Three different silicide thickness coatings were deposited. Thermal oxidation resistance of the coated niobium substrates was tested in a temperature range of 1300–1450°C using an HVOF burner. All samples that passed the test showed their ability to stabilize the temperature over a time of 30 s during the thermal test. The rise time of substrate temperature takes about 10 s, following which it keeps constant values. In order to assess the quality of the Nb-Si coatings before and after the thermal test, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with chemical analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction XRD and Vickers hardness test investigation were performed. Results confirmed the presence of substrate Nb compounds as well as Si addition. The oxygen compounds are a result of high temperature intense oxidizing environment that causes the generation of SiO phase in the form of quartz and cristobalite during thermal testing. Except for one specimen, all substrate surfaces pass the high temperature oxidation test with no damages.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Szklarek
1 2 3
Tomasz Tański
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bogusław Mendala
1
Marcin Staszuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Krzemiński
1
Paweł Nuckowski
1
Kamil Sobczak
3
  1. Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Spinex Spinkiewicz Company, Klimontowska 19, 04-672 Warsaw, Poland
  3. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation, al. Krakowska 110/114, 02-256 Warsaw, Poland

Oxide Layer Evolution of Cast Fe24Cr12NiXNb Heat-Resistant Cast Steels at 900°C in Atmospheric Air

P.A. Ramos R.S. Coelho H.C. Pinto F. Soldera F. Mücklich P.P. Brito
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 1 | 119-124 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136087
Keywords Austenitic heat-resistant cast steels Microstructure Nb-alloyed Steels Oxide Scale high temperature oxidation
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Abstract

The austenitic stainless steels are a group of alloys normally used under high mechanical and thermal requests, in which high temperature oxidation is normally present due to oxygen presence. This study examines the oxide layer evolution for Fe24Cr12NiXNb modified austenitic stainless steel A297 HH with 0,09%Nb and 0,77%Nb content at 900°C under atmospheric air and isothermal oxidation. The modifiers elements such as Mo, Co and Ti, added to provide high mechanical strength, varied due to the casting procedure, however main elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn and Si were kept at balanced levels to avoid microstructure changing. The oxide layer analysis was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis of the different phases was measured with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Nb-alloyed steel generated a thicker Cr oxide layer. Generally elemental Nb did not provide any noticeable difference in oxide scale growth, for the specific range of Nb amount and temperature studied. High temperature oxidation up to 120h was characterized by protective Cr oxidation, after this period a non-protective Fe-based oxidation took place. Cr, Fe and Ni oxides were observed in the multilayer oxide scale.
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Bibliography

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[2] Madern, N., Monnier, J., Baddour-Hadjean, R., Steckmeyer, A. & Joubert, J.M. (2018). Characterization of refractory steel oxidation at high temperature. Corrosion Science. 132, 223-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2017.12.029.
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[4] Dewar, M.P. & Gerlich, A.P. (2013). Correlation between experimental and calculated phase fractions in aged 20Cr32Ni1Nb austenitic stainless steels containing nitrogen . Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 44, 627-639. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1457-1.
[5] Pascal, C., Braccini, M., Parry, V., Fedorova, E., Mantel, M., Oquab, D. & Monceau, D. (2017). Relation between microstructure induced by oxidation and room-temperature mechanical properties of the thermally grown oxide scales on austenitic stainless steels. Materials Characterization. 127, 161-170. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2017.03.003.
[6] Chen, H., Wang, H., Sun, Q., Long, C., Wei, T., Kim, S.H., Chen, J., Kim, C., & Jang, C. (2018). Oxidation behavior of Fe-20Cr-25Ni-Nb austenitic stainless steel in high-temperature environment with small amount of water vapor. Corrosion Science. 145, 90-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci. 2018.09.016.
[7] Zhang, X., Li, D., Li, Y. & Lu, S. (2019). Effect of aging treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties evolution of 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steel weldments with different Nb contents. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 35, 520-529. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.10.017.
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[10] Kaya, A.A. (2002). Microstructure of HK40 alloy after high-temperature service in oxidizing/carburizing environment: II. Carburization and carbide transformations. Materials Characterization. 49, 23-34. DOI: 10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00284-X.
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Authors and Affiliations

P.A. Ramos
1 2
R.S. Coelho
3
H.C. Pinto
4
F. Soldera
5
F. Mücklich
5
P.P. Brito
1
  1. Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
  2. Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Brazil
  3. SENAI CIMATEC, Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Piatã, 41650-010, Salvador-BA, Brazil
  4. Department of Materials Engineering - SMM, São Carlos School of Engineering – EESC, University of São Paulo – USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
  5. Chair of Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany

High Temperature Oxidation Process of P91 Steel in CO2 Atmosphere Containing SO2

H. Kominko A. Jaroń
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1597-1602 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130132
Keywords CO2 scale SO2 P91 steel high temperature oxidation
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Abstract

In order to improve the efficiency of power generation system and reduce CO2 emissions power plants work at high temperature and pressure. Under such conditions modified steel 9Cr, which fulfils the requirements concerning creep resistance, is used. However, Cr2O3 formed on the steel does not protect the construction material in the atmosphere which contains CO2 and SO2. The aim of the experiment was to study the behaviour of P91 steel in CO2 atmosphere with the addition of 1% and 5 vol.% of SO2 at different temperatures (700, 800 and 900°C). It was concluded that the corrosion rate of P91 steel is increasing with a rise in temperature. Scales formed in CO2 atmosphere at 900°C contain a mixture of iron oxides in the outer layer and chromium-iron spinel in the inner layer. The FeS and Ni were found in the inner zone of scales formed in SO2 atmosphere.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Kominko
A. Jaroń

The Oxide Scales Formed on Different Co-Ni Based Superalloys During Isothermal Oxidation at 800 and 900°C

D. Migas M. Kierat G. Moskal
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 5-14 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.134752
Keywords γ–γ′ cobalt-based superalloys high temperature oxidation Co-Ni superalloy W-free cobalt superalloys
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Abstract

In this investigation, the formation of oxide scales on different Co-Ni based superalloys of γ–γ′ type was analyzed. Co-20Ni-7Al-7W (at. %) alloy as well as its W-free modifications based on Co-Ni-Al-Mo-Nb and Co-Ni-Al-Ta systems was analyzed under conditions of high temperature oxidation at 800 and 900°C. Therefore, the alloys were isothermally oxidized at selected temperatures for 100 h in laboratory furnace. Afterwards, the oxidation products were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performed tests showed that W-free alloys exhibit worse oxidation resistance compared to those of Co-Ni-Al-W alloys. After oxidation at 900°C, all alloys were prone of oxide spallation. The scales characterized by oxide peeling were mostly composed of complex Co-based oxides, including CoWO4, CoTa2O6, Co2Mo3O8, CoNb2O6.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Migas
ORCID: ORCID
M. Kierat
ORCID: ORCID
G. Moskal
ORCID: ORCID

High Temperature Oxidation Property of Ni Based Superalloy CM247LC Produced Via Selective Laser Melting Process

Jung-Uk Lee Young-Kyun Kim Seong-Moon Seo Kee-Ahn Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 107-112 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141481
Keywords Ni-based superalloy Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Directional solidification Microstructure High temperature oxidation property
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Abstract

CM247LC alloy was manufactured by using selective laser melting (SLM) process, one of the laser powder bed fusion ­(L-PBF) methods. The hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process was additionally conducted on the SLM-built CM247LC to control its microstructures and defects. The high temperature oxidation property was investigated, and it was compared with conventional DS247LC sample (reference) prepared via the directional solidification process. The L-PBF HIP sample showed blocky-type MC carbides generated along the grain boundary with average size of about 200 nm. A semi-spherical primary γ' phase of size 0.4-1.0 μm was also observed inside the grains. Moreover, the DS247LC sample displayed a coarse eutectic γ' phase and many script-type MC carbides. Furthermore, cuboidal-type γ' with an average size of about 0.5 μm was detected. High-temperature oxidation tests were conducted at 1000°C and 1100°C for 24 hours. The results at 1100°C oxidation temperature showed that the measured oxidation weight gains for HIP and DS247LC were 1.96 mg/cm2 and 2.26 mg/cm2, respectively, indicating the superior high-temperature oxidation resistance of the L-PBF HIP sample. Based on the above results, a high-temperature oxidation mechanism of the CM247LC alloys manufactured by the SLM process and the directional solidification process has been proposed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jung-Uk Lee
1
Young-Kyun Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Seong-Moon Seo
2
Kee-Ahn Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Inha University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
  2. Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea

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